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Götz M, Yakushev A, Götz S, Di Nitto A, Düllmann CE, Asai M, Kindler B, Krier J, Lommel B, Nagame Y, Sato TK, Suzuki H, Tomitsuka T, Tokoi K, Toyoshima A, Tsukada K. Application of a novel gas phase synthesis approach to carbonyl complexes of accelerator-produced 5d transition metals. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In 2014 the first synthesis of a transactinide carbonyl complex – seaborgium hexacarbonyl – was reported. This was achieved in gas-phase chemical experiments in a beam-free environment behind the recoil separator GARIS. Extending this work to heavier elements requires more efficient techniques to synthesize carbonyl complexes as production rates of transactinide elements drop with increasing atomic number. A novel approach was thus conceived, which retains the benefit of a beam-free environment but avoids the physical preseparation step. The latter reduces the yields for products of asymmetric reactions such as those used for the synthesis of suitable isotopes of Sg, Bh, Hs and Mt. For this a series of experiments with accelerator-produced radioisotopes of the lighter homologues W, Re and Os was carried out at the tandem accelerator of JAEA Tokai, Japan. A newly developed double-chamber system, which allows for a decoupled recoil ion thermalization and chemical complex formation, was used, which avoids the low-efficiency physical preseparation step. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of this newly developed method using accelerator-produced short-lived radioisotopes of the 5d homologues of the early transactinides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Götz
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | | | - Stefan Götz
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Antonio Di Nitto
- Physics Department Ettore Pancini , University of Naples Federico II , 80126 Naples , Italy
| | - Christoph E. Düllmann
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Masato Asai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai-mura , Ibaraki 319-1111 , Japan
| | - Birgit Kindler
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jörg Krier
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Bettina Lommel
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Yuichiro Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai-mura , Ibaraki 319-1111 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai-mura , Ibaraki 319-1111 , Japan
| | - Hayato Suzuki
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai-mura , Ibaraki 319-1111 , Japan
- Ibaraki University , Mito , Ibaraki 310-8512 , Japan
| | | | - Katsuyuki Tokoi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai-mura , Ibaraki 319-1111 , Japan
- Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai-mura , Ibaraki 319-1111 , Japan
- Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsukada
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai-mura , Ibaraki 319-1111 , Japan
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2
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Wittwer Y, Eichler R, Zingg R, Herrmann D, Türler A. The influence of gas purification and addition of macro amounts of metal-carbonyl complexes on the formation of single-atom metal-carbonyl-complexes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using the Fast On-line Reaction Apparatus (FORA), the influence of various gas-purification columns onto the formation of metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) under single-atom chemistry conditions was investigated. MCCs were synthesized from single atoms of Mo, Tc, Ru and Rh being produced by the spontaneous fission of 252Cf and recoiling into a CO-gas containing carrier gas atmosphere. The in-situ synthesized MCCs were volatile enough to be transported by the carrier gas to a charcoal trap where they were adsorbed and their subsequent decay was registered by γ-spectrometry. It was found that the type and combination of purification columns used to clean the applied CO-gas strongly influences the obtained formation and transport yields for all MCCs. With the exception of Rh-carbonyl, intense gas-purification strategies resulted in reduced formation and transport yields for MCCs in comparison with less efficient or even completely missing purification setups. It was postulated that the observed reduction in yield might depend on the content of Fe(CO)5 and Ni(CO)4, as well as potentially other MCCs, in the CO-gas, being formed by the interaction between CO and the steel-surfaces of FORA as well as from impurities in the used charcoal traps. Subsequently, it was shown that macro amounts of Fe(CO)5, Ni(CO)4, Mo(CO)6 and Re2(CO)10 added to the used process gas indeed increase significantly the overall yields for MCCs produced by 252Cf fission products. Ni(CO)4 appeared the most potent to increase the yield. Therefore, it was used in more detailed investigations. Using isothermal chromatography, it was shown that Ni(CO)4 does not affect the speciation of carbonyl species produced by the 252Cf fission product 104Mo. For 107Tc, 110Ru and 111Rh a speciation change cannot be excluded. For 111Rh a speciation change cannot be excluded. An inter-carbonyl transfer mechanism is suggested boosting the formation of MCCs. The current discovery might allow for new opportunities in various research fields, which are currently restricted by the low overall yields for MCCs produced under single-atom chemistry conditions. Examples are the chemical investigation of transactinides or the generation of radioactive ion beams from refractory metals at accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Wittwer
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Villigen , Switzerland
- University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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3
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Wittwer Y, Eichler R, Herrmann D, Türler A. The influence of physical parameters on the in-situ metal carbonyl complex formation studied with the Fast On-line Reaction Apparatus (FORA). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Fast On-line Reaction Apparatus (FORA) was used to investigate the influence of various reaction parameters onto the formation and transport of metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) under single-atom chemistry conditions. FORA is based on a 252Cf-source producing short-lived Mo, Tc, Ru and Rh isotopes. Those are recoiling from the spontaneous fission source into a reaction chamber flushed with a gas-mixture containing CO. Upon contact with CO, fission products form volatile MCCs which are further transported by the gas stream to the detection setup, consisting of a charcoal trap mounted in front of a HPGe γ-detector. Depending on the reaction conditions, MCCs are formed and transported with different efficiencies. Using this setup, the impact of varying physical parameters like gas flow, gas pressure, kinetic energy of fission products upon entering the reaction chamber and temperature of the reaction chamber on the formation and transport yields of MCCs was investigated. Using a setup similar to FORA called Miss Piggy, various gas mixtures of CO with a selection of noble gases, as well as N2 and H2, were investigated with respect to their effect onto MCC formation and transport. Based on this measurements, optimized reaction conditions to maximize the synthesis and transport of MCCs are suggested. Explanations for the observed results supported by simulations are suggested as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Wittwer
- Paul Scherrer Institute , Villigen , Switzerland
- University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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4
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The influence of chemical parameters on the in-situ metal carbonyl complex formation studied with the fast on-line reaction apparatus (FORA). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new setup named Fast On-line Reaction Apparatus (FORA) is presented which allows for the efficient investigation and optimization of metal carbonyl complex (MCC) formation reactions under various reaction conditions. The setup contains a 252Cf-source producing short-lived Mo, Tc, Ru and Rh isotopes at a rate of a few atoms per second by its 3% spontaneous fission decay branch. Those atoms are transformed within FORA in-situ into volatile metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) by using CO-containing carrier gases. Here, the design, operation and performance of FORA is discussed, revealing it as a suitable setup for performing single-atom chemistry studies. The influence of various gas-additives, such as CO2, CH4, H2, Ar, O2, H2O and ambient air, on the formation and transport of MCCs was investigated. O2, H2O and air were found to harm the formation and transport of MCCs in FORA, with H2O being the most severe. An exception is Tc, for which about 130 ppmv of H2O caused an increased production and transport of volatile compounds. The other gas-additives were not influencing the formation and transport efficiency of MCCs. Using an older setup called Miss Piggy based on a similar working principle as FORA, it was additionally investigated if gas-additives are mostly affecting the formation or only the transport stability of MCCs. It was found that mostly formation is impacted, as MCCs appear to be much less sensitive to reacting with gas-additives in comparison to the bare Mo, Tc, Ru and Rh atoms.
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5
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Götz M, Götz S, Kratz JV, Ballof J, Düllmann CE, Eberhardt K, Mokry C, Renisch D, Runke J, Sato TK, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N, Yakushev A. Gas phase synthesis of 4d transition metal carbonyl complexes with thermalized fission fragments in single-atom reactions. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The formation of carbonyl complexes using atom-at-a-time quantities of short-lived transition metals from fusion and fission reactions was reported in 2012. Numerous studies focussing on this chemical system, which is also applicable for the superheavy elements followed. We report on a novel two-chamber approach for the synthesis of such complexes that allows spatial decoupling of thermalization and gas-phase carbonyl complex synthesis. Neutron induced fission on 235U and spontaneous fission of 248Cm were employed for the production of the fission products. These were stopped inside a gas volume behind the target and flushed with an inert-gas flow into a second chamber. This was flushed with carbon monoxide to allow the gas-phase synthesis of carbonyl complexes. Parameter studies of the transfer from the first into the second chamber as well as on the carbonyl complex formation and transport processes have been performed. High overall efficiencies of more than 50% were reached rendering this approach interesting for studies of superheavy elements. Our results show that carbonyl complex formation of thermalized fission products is a single-atom reaction, and not a hot-atom reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Götz
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , DE , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Stefan Götz
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , DE , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Jens-Volker Kratz
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Jochen Ballof
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
- CERN , 1217 Meyrin , CH , Switzerland
| | - Christoph E. Düllmann
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , DE , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Klaus Eberhardt
- Research Reactor TRIGA Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Christoph Mokry
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Dennis Renisch
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Jörg Runke
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , DE , Germany
| | | | - Petra Thörle-Pospiech
- Department of Chemistry – TRIGA Site , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Norbert Trautmann
- Research Reactor TRIGA Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Alexander Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt , DE , Germany
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6
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Iliaš M, Pershina V. Carbonyl compounds of Rh, Ir, and Mt: electronic structure, bonding and volatility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First bond dissociation energies and other properties have been predicted for carbonyl compounds of group-9 elements including those of element 109, Mt, from relativistic DFT and CC calculations. A remarkable Λ-shape of the trends is observed, caused by strong relativistic effects on the valence AOs of Mt.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iliaš
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55099 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - V. Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
- 64291 Darmstadt
- Germany
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7
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Tatarinov AV, Yalovik LI, Mironov AG, Posokhov VF. Mykert-Sanzheevka Field of Polycomponent Ores (Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, PGE): Geologic-Substance Characteristics and Formation Features of Ore-Forming System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/gm.2020.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Pershina V. Relativity in the electronic structure of the heaviest elements and its influence on periodicities in properties. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Theoretical chemical studies demonstrated crucial importance of relativistic effects in the physics and chemistry of superheavy elements (SHEs). Performed, with many of them, in a close link to the experimental research, those investigations have shown that relativistic effects determine periodicities in physical and chemical properties of the elements in the chemical groups and rows of the Periodic Table beyond the 6th one. They could, however, also lead to some deviations from the established trends, so that the predictive power of the Periodic Table in this area may be lost. Results of those studies are overviewed here, with comparison to the recent experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1 , D-64291 Darmstadt , Germany
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9
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Abstract
Abstract
Some highlight examples on the study of production and chemical properties of heaviest elements carried out mostly at GSI Darmstadt are presented. They focus on the production of some of the heaviest known elements (114Fl, 115Mc, and 117Mc), studies of non-fusion reactions, and on chemical studies of 114Fl. This is the heaviest element, for which chemical studies have been performed to date.
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10
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Wang Y, Cao S, Zhang J, Fan F, Yang J, Haba H, Komori Y, Yokokita T, Morimoto K, Kaji D, Wittwer Y, Eichler R, Türler A, Qin Z. The study of rhenium pentacarbonyl complexes using single-atom chemistry in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7147-7154. [PMID: 30887992 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07844k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A gas-phase chemical study of rhenium carbonyls was carried out using short-lived radioisotopes produced at a heavy-ion accelerator. The Re isotopes produced in the nuclear reactions of natGd(23Na,xn)172-177Re were pre-separated with a gas-filled recoil ion separator and their carbonyls were synthesized in a mixture of inert gas and carbon monoxide. Using a low temperature isothermal chromatography apparatus, the adsorption enthalpies of Re carbonyls were derived to be ΔHads = -42 ± 2 kJ mol-1 on a Teflon® surface by fitting the external chromatograms with a Monte Carlo simulation program. A chemical yield of 25% relative to that of the transport yield for Re by a He/KCl gas-jet was achieved. The laser-ablation time-of-flight mass-spectrometric technique was employed to identify the species of Re carbonyls produced in the gas phase. The most stable species was deduced to be Re(CO)5 based on the mass-spectrometric analysis as well as quantum chemistry calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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11
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Gäggeler HW, Usoltsev I, Eichler R. Reactions of fission products from a 252Cf source with NO and mixtures of NO and CO in an inert gas. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fission products recoiling from a 252Cf spontaneous fission source were stopped in various mixtures of inert gases containing CO and NO. For the elements of the transisition metal series Mo, Tc, Ru, and Rh previous observations of pure carbonyl complexes were reproduced. However, no formation of volatile mixed nitrosyl-carbonyl complexes or pure nitrosyl complexes for these elements have been observed. Instead, efficient production of volatile nitrosyl compounds for single iodine atoms, presumably nitrosyl iodide, NOI, was detected. This observation is of interest as potential transport path for iodine in nuclear accident scenarios and as a model for radiochemistry with the recently discovered heaviest halogen tennessine (Z=117).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Usoltsev
- Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Robert Eichler
- Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
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12
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Pershina V, Iliaš M. Carbonyl compounds of Tc, Re, and Bh: Electronic structure, bonding, and volatility. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:204306. [PMID: 30501238 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calculations of molecular properties of M(CO)5 and MH(CO)5, where M = Tc, Re, and Bh, and of the products of their decomposition, M(CO)4 and MH(CO)4, were performed using density functional theory and coupled-cluster methods implemented in the relativistic program suits such as ADF, DIRAC, and ReSpect. The calculated first M-CO bond dissociation energies (FBDEs) of Bh(CO)5 and BhH(CO)5 turned out to be significantly weaker than those of the corresponding Re homologs. The reason for that is the relativistic destabilization and expansion of the 6d AOs, responsible for weaker σ-forth and π-back donations in the Bh compounds. The relativistic FBDEs of M(CO)5 have, therefore, a Λ-shape behavior in the row Tc-Re-Bh, while the non-relativistic values increase toward Bh. Using the results of the molecular calculations and a molecule-slab interaction model, adsorption enthalpies, ΔH ads, of group-7 carbonyl hydrides on quartz and Teflon were estimated for future gas-phase chromatography experiments. It was found that BhH(CO)5 should be almost as volatile as the homologs, although its interaction with the surfaces should be somewhat stronger than that of MH(CO)5 (M = Tc and Re), while the M(CO)4 (M = Tc, Re, and Bh) molecules should be non-volatile. It will, therefore, be difficult to distinguish between the group-7 MH(CO)5 species by measuring their ΔH ads on surfaces of Teflon and quartz with an error bar of ±4 kJ/mol. The trends in properties and ΔH ads of group-7 carbonyl hydrides are similar to those of group-8 carbonyls of Ru, Os, and Hs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Iliaš
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Abstract
This review describes some key accomplishments of Günter Herrmann such as the establishment of the TRIGA Mark II research reactor at Mainz University, the identification of a large number of very neutron-rich fission products by fast, automated chemical separations, the study of their nuclear structure by spectroscopy with modern detection techniques, and the measurement of fission yields. After getting the nuclear chemistry group, the target laboratory, and the mass separator group established at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, a number of large international collaborations were organized exploring the mechanism of deeply inelastic multi-nucleon transfer reactions in collisions of Xe and U ions with U targets, Ca and U ions with Cm targets, and the search for superheavy elements with chemical separations after these bombardments. After the Chernobyl accident, together with members of the Institute of Physics, a powerful laser technique, the resonance ionization mass spectometry (RIMS) was established for the ultra-trace detection of actinides and long-lived fission products in environmental samples. RIMS was also applied to determine with high precision the first ionization potentials of actinides all the way up to einsteinium. In the late 1980ies, high interest arose in results obtained in fusion-evaporation reactions between light projectiles and heavy actinide targets investigating the chemical properties of transactinide elements (Z≥104). Remarkable was the observation, that their chemical properties deviated from those of their lighter homologs in the Periodic Table because their valence electrons are increasingly influenced by relativistic effects. These chemical results could be reproduced with relativistic quantum-chemical calculations. The present review is selecting and describing examples for fast chemical separations that were successful at the TRIGA Mainz and heavy-ion reaction studies at GSI Darmstadt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Volker Kratz
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
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14
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Pershina V, Iliaš M. Penta- and tetracarbonyls of Ru, Os, and Hs: Electronic structure, bonding, and volatility. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4983125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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15
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Eichler R, Asai M, Brand H, Chiera N, Di Nitto A, Dressler R, Düllmann C, Even J, Fangli F, Goetz M, Haba H, Hartmann W, Jäger E, Kaji D, Kanaya J, Kaneya Y, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Komori Y, Kraus B, Kratz J, Krier J, Kudou Y, Kurz N, Miyashita S, Morimoto K, Morita K, Murakami M, Nagame Y, Ooe K, Piguet D, Sato N, Sato T, Steiner J, Steinegger P, Sumita T, Takeyama M, Tanaka K, Tomitsuka T, Toyoshima A, Tsukada K, Türler A, Usoltsev I, Wakabayashi Y, Wang Y, Wiehl N, Wittwer Y, Yakushev A, Yamaki S, Yano S, Yamaki S, Qin Z. Complex chemistry with complex compounds. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201613107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Usoltsev I, Eichler R, Türler A. Decomposition studies of group 6 hexacarbonyl complexes. Part 2: Modelling of the decomposition process. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The decomposition behavior of group 6 metal hexacarbonyl complexes (M(CO)6) in a tubular flow reactor is simulated. A microscopic Monte-Carlo based model is presented for assessing the first bond dissociation enthalpy of M(CO)6 complexes. The suggested approach superimposes a microscopic model of gas adsorption chromatography with a first-order heterogeneous decomposition model. The experimental data on the decomposition of Mo(CO)6 and W(CO)6 are successfully simulated by introducing available thermodynamic data. Thermodynamic data predicted by relativistic density functional theory is used in our model to deduce the most probable experimental behavior of the corresponding Sg carbonyl complex. Thus, the design of a chemical experiment with Sg(CO)6 is suggested, which is sensitive to benchmark our theoretical understanding of the bond stability in carbonyl compounds of the heaviest elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Usoltsev
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Eichler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Türler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Cao S, Wang Y, Qin Z, Fan F, Haba H, Komori Y, Wu X, Tan C, Zhang X. Gas-phase chemistry of ruthenium and rhodium carbonyl complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:119-25. [PMID: 26573993 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05670e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Short-lived ruthenium and rhodium isotopes were produced from a (252)Cf spontaneous fission (SF) source. Their volatile carbonyl complexes were formed in gas-phase reactions in situ with the carbon-monoxide containing gas. A gas-jet system was employed to transport the volatile carbonyls from the recoil chamber to the chemical separation apparatus. The gas-phase chemical behaviors of these carbonyl complexes were studied using an online low temperature isothermal chromatography (IC) technique. Long IC columns made up of FEP Teflon were used to obtain the chemical information of the high-volatile Ru and Rh carbonyls. By excluding the influence of precursor effects, short-lived isotopes of (109-110)Ru and (111-112)Rh were used to represent the chemical behaviours of Ru and Rh carbonyls. Relative chemical yields of about 75% and 20% were measured for Ru(CO)5 and Rh(CO)4, respectively, relative to the yields of KCl aerosols transported in Ar gas. The adsorption enthalpies of ruthenium and rhodium carbonyl complexes on a Teflon surface were determined to be around ΔHads = -33(+1)(-2) kJ mol(-1) and -36(+2)(-1) kJ mol(-1), respectively, by fitting the breakthrough curves of the corresponding carbonyl complexes with a Monte Carlo simulation program. Different from Mo and Tc carbonyls, a small amount of oxygen gas was found to be not effective for the chemical yields of ruthenium and rhodium carbonyl complexes. The general chemical behaviors of short-lived carbonyl complexes of group VI-IX elements were discussed, which can be used in the future study on the gas-phase chemistry of superheavy elements - Bh, Hs, and Mt carbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Cao
- Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 509 Nanchang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China.
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Even J. Chemistry aided nuclear physics studies. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201613107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Qin Z, Fan FL, Haba H, Komori Y, Cao SW, Wu XL, Tan CM. Gas-phase chemistry of technetium carbonyl complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13228-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00979k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Relative chemical yields and adsorption enthalpies on quartz and Teflon surfaces for short-lived Tc carbonyl complexes were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology
| | - Zhi Qin
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Fang-Li Fan
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Yukiko Komori
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Shi-Wei Cao
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiao-Lei Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Cun-Min Tan
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology
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20
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Even J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Haba H, Asai M, Sato TK, Brand H, Di Nitto A, Eichler R, Fan FL, Hartmann W, Huang M, Jäger E, Kaji D, Kanaya J, Kaneya Y, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kudou Y, Kurz N, Lommel B, Miyashita S, Morimoto K, Morita K, Murakami M, Nagame Y, Nitsche H, Ooe K, Qin Z, Schädel M, Steiner J, Sumita T, Takeyama M, Tanaka K, Toyoshima A, Tsukada K, Türler A, Usoltsev I, Wakabayashi Y, Wang Y, Wiehl N, Yamaki S. Nuclear chemistry. Synthesis and detection of a seaborgium carbonyl complex. Science 2014; 345:1491-3. [PMID: 25237098 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Experimental investigations of transactinoide elements provide benchmark results for chemical theory and probe the predictive power of trends in the periodic table. So far, in gas-phase chemical reactions, simple inorganic compounds with the transactinoide in its highest oxidation state have been synthesized. Single-atom production rates, short half-lives, and harsh experimental conditions limited the number of experimentally accessible compounds. We applied a gas-phase carbonylation technique previously tested on short-lived molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) isotopes to the preparation of a carbonyl complex of seaborgium, the 106th element. The volatile seaborgium complex showed the same volatility and reactivity with a silicon dioxide surface as those of the hexacarbonyl complexes of the lighter homologs Mo and W. Comparison of the product's adsorption enthalpy with theoretical predictions and data for the lighter congeners supported a Sg(CO)6 formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Even
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - H Haba
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Asai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - T K Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F L Fan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Huang
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Kaji
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Kanaya
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kaneya
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | | | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Kudou
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Miyashita
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan. Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | | | - K Morita
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - M Murakami
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Y Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - H Nitsche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720-8169, USA
| | - K Ooe
- Department of Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Z Qin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - M Schädel
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Sumita
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - K Tanaka
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Toyoshima
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Tsukada
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - A Türler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - I Usoltsev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Y Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany. Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Yamaki
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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