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NAGAME Y, SATO TK. Chemical characterization of heavy actinides and light transactinides - Experimental achievements at JAEA. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2024; 100:165-189. [PMID: 38462500 PMCID: PMC11105975 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The chemical characterization of the heaviest elements at the farthest reach of the periodic table (PT) and the classification of these elements in the PT are undoubtedly crucial and challenging subjects in chemical and physical sciences. The elucidation of the influence of relativistic effects on their outermost electronic configuration is also a critical and fascinating aspect. However, the heaviest elements with atomic numbers Z ≳ 100 must be produced at accelerators using nuclear reactions of heavy ions and target materials. Therefore, production rates for these elements are low, and their half-lives are as short as a few seconds to a few minutes; they are usually available in a quantity of only a few atoms at a time. Here, we review some highlighted studies on heavy actinide and light transactinide chemical characterization performed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency tandem accelerator facility. We discuss briefly the prospects for future studies of the heaviest elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro NAGAME
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Tetsuya K. SATO
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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Düllmann CE, Block M, Heßberger FP, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Lommel B, Münzenberg G, Pershina V, Renisch D, Schädel M, Yakushev A. Five decades of GSI superheavy element discoveries and chemical investigation. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Superheavy element research has been a strong pillar of the research program at GSI Darmstadt since its foundation. Six new elements were discovered along with many new isotopes. Initial results on chemical properties of the heaviest elements were obtained that allowed for comparing their behavior with that of their lighter homologs and with theoretical predictions. Main achievements of the past five decades of superheavy element research at GSI are described along with an outlook into the future of superheavy element research in Darmstadt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph E. Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Department Chemie – Standort TRIGA , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Michael Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Department Chemie – Standort TRIGA , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Fritz P. Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jadambaa Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Birgit Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jens V. Kratz
- Department Chemie – Standort TRIGA , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Bettina Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Gottfried Münzenberg
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Valeria Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Dennis Renisch
- Department Chemie – Standort TRIGA , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Matthias Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Alexander Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
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Yokokita T, Yano S, Komori Y, Haba H. Anion- and cation-exchange studies of Zr, Hf, and Th using ion-exchange resin and fiber in H2SO4 media for chemical characterization of sulfate complex of Rf. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Some highlight examples on the study of production and chemical properties of heaviest elements carried out mostly at GSI Darmstadt are presented. They focus on the production of some of the heaviest known elements (114Fl, 115Mc, and 117Mc), studies of non-fusion reactions, and on chemical studies of 114Fl. This is the heaviest element, for which chemical studies have been performed to date.
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