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Kumar D, Kumari V, Kumar D. Organs-specific metabolomics and anticholinesterase activity suggests a trade-off between metabolites for therapeutic advantages of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10675. [PMID: 38724667 PMCID: PMC11082168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Trillium govanianum is traditionally used to treat innumerable alignments like sexual disorders, cancer, inflammation etc. Mainly rhizomes of T. govanianum have been explored for phytochemical profiling but comprehensive metabolomics of other parts has not been yet deeply investigated. Thus, current study was aimed for organs-specific (roots, rhizomes, rhizomatous buds, stems, leaves, and fruits) phytochemical profiling of T. govanianum via metabolomics approach. Targeted (steroidal saponins and free sugars) and non-targeted metabolomics were performed by UPLC-PDA/ELSD & UHPLC-Q-TOF-IMS. Among steroidal compounds, 20-hydroxyecdysone, pennogenin-3-O-β-chacotrioside, dioscin were found predominantly in all samples while diosgenin was identified only in rhizomes. Further, four free sugars viz. 2-deoxyribose (116.24 ± 1.26 mg/g: leaves), fructose (454.76 ± 12.14 mg/g: rhizomes), glucose (243.21 ± 7.53 mg/g: fruits), and galactose (69.06 ± 2.14 mg/g: fruits) were found significant in respective parts of T. govanianum. Elemental analysis of targeted samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pd, As) were absent while micro- (Mn, Na, Zn, Cu) and macro- (Ca, Fe, Mg, K) elements were found in all samples. Furthermore, UHPLC-Q-TOF-IMS had identified 103 metabolites based on their mass fragmentation patterns and 839 were tentatively predicted using METLIN database. The multivariate statistical analysis showed organs specific clustering and variance of metabolites. Apart from this, extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticholinesterase activity, and found potentials inhibitors with IC50 values 2.02 ± 0.15 to 27.65 ± 0.89 mg/mL and 3.58 ± 0.12 to 16.81 ± 2.48 mg/mL of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme, respectively. Thus, comprehensive metabolomics and anti-cholinesterase activity of different parts of T. govanianum would lay the foundation for improving medicinal importance and health benefits of T. govanianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Vandana Kumari
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, 176 061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Mare L, Muresan-Pop M, Purcea Lopes PM, Turza A, Borodi G, Popescu V. Crystal Structure and Intermolecular Energy for Some Nandrolone Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:7179. [PMID: 37894658 PMCID: PMC10609429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone (Estr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one) is a derivative of testosterone and a naturally occurring anabolic-androgenic agent which belongs to the steroid group. Crystal structures of four short, medium and long esterified forms of nandrolone, including propionate, phenylpropionate, cypionate and undecanoate were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal packing, supramolecular features and intermolecular interactions were described based on a quantitative and qualitative Hirshfeld surfaces analysis accompanied by evaluation of crystal energies and intermolecular interactions computation. Also, the solubility of the esters was investigated from a pharmaceutical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu Mare
- Physics & Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (P.M.P.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Marieta Muresan-Pop
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Pompilia Mioara Purcea Lopes
- Physics & Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (P.M.P.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Alexandru Turza
- National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Borodi
- National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Violeta Popescu
- Physics & Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (P.M.P.L.); (V.P.)
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Turza A, Pascuta P, Mare L, Borodi G, Popescu V. Structural Insights and Intermolecular Energy for Some Medium and Long-Chain Testosterone Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073097. [PMID: 37049860 PMCID: PMC10096163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone (17β-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the primary male anabolic-androgenic steroid. The crystal structures of two medium and two long esterified forms of testosterone, including enanthate, cypionate, decanoate and undecanoate, were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The samples were also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (DTA, TG). Crystal packings and supramolecular features were described. The analysis of structural features was accomplished by computational methods in terms of the type of intermolecular interactions, crystal energies and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis. From a pharmaceutical point of view, the solubility of compounds was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Turza
- National Institute For R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petru Pascuta
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Mare
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Borodi
- National Institute For R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Violeta Popescu
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Turza A, Borodi G, Miclaus M, Muresan-Pop M. Exploring the polymorphism of selective androgen receptor modulator YK11. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Turza A, Popescu V, Mare L, Borodi G. Structural Aspects and Intermolecular Energy for Some Short Testosterone Esters. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7245. [PMID: 36295310 PMCID: PMC9611952 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone (17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the primary naturally occurring anabolic-androgenic steroid. The crystal structures of three short esterified forms of testosterone, including propionate, phenylpropionate, and isocaproate ester, were determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, all the samples were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, and their structural features were described and evaluated in terms of crystal energies and Hirshfeld surfaces. They were also compared with the base form of testosterone (without ester) and the acetate ester. Moreover, from a pharmaceutical perspective, their solubility was evaluated and correlated with the length of the ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Turza
- Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics Department, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Violeta Popescu
- Physics & Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Mare
- Physics & Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Borodi
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Turza A, Ulici A, Muresan-Pop M, Borodi G. Solid forms and β-cyclodextrin complexation of turinabol. Acta Crystallogr C 2022; 78:305-313. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229622004004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one (C20H27ClO2), known as turinabol, is a synthetic anabolic–androgenic agent which belongs to the steroid class. Recrystallization from various solvents was performed and the following new solid forms of turinabol were obtained: the hemihydrate (C20H27ClO2·0.5H2O), the anhydrous form (C20H27ClO2), the multicomponent acetic acid hydrate (2C20H27ClO2·C2H4O2·H2O) and the 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol hemisolvate (C20H27ClO2·0.5C2H3F3O). The absolute structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The starting hemihydrate form contains one turinabol molecule in the asymmetric unit, while the others contain two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Structural features were investigated in terms of the conformational analysis of the steroid skeleton rings and intermolecular interactions. The magnitudes, the nature of the crystal structure energies and the intermolecular interactions were also evaluated. Complexation with β-cyclodextrin was performed and the obtained complex was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA).
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Turza A, Borodi G, Muresan-Pop M, Ulici A. Polymorphism and β-cyclodextrin complexation of methyldrostanolone. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Trzcińska K, Łaszcz M, Kuziak K, Stolarczyk E. Investigating differences and similarities between two new abiraterone polymorphs and its hydrochloride salt monohydrate. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Iqbal U, Choudhary MI, Yousuf S. Synthesis of co-crystals of anti-cancer nandrolone as a potential leads towards treatment of cancer. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hussain J, Angira D, Hans T, Dubey P, Kirubakaran S, Thiruvenkatam V. Synthesis and characterization of a new class of phenothiazine molecules with 10H-substituted morpholine & piperidine derivatives: A structural insight. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Borodi G, Turza A, Camarasan PA, Ulici A. Structural studies of Trenbolone, Trenbolone Acetate, Hexahydrobenzylcarbonate and Enanthate esters. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Borodi G, Turza A, Bende A. Exploring the Polymorphism of Drostanolone Propionate. Molecules 2020; 25:E1436. [PMID: 32245263 PMCID: PMC7145311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2α-Methyl-4,5α-dihydrotestosterone 17β-propionate, known as drostanolone propionate or masteron, is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from dihydrotestosterone. The crystal structures of two polymorphs of drostanolone propionate have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and both crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. One is belonging to the P21 space group, Z = 2, and has one molecule in the asymmetric unit while the second belongs to the I2 space group, Z = 4, and contains two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Another polymorph has been investigated by an X-ray powder diffraction method and solved by Parallel tempering/Monte Carlo technique and refined with the Rietveld method. This polymorph crystallizes in the orthorhombic P212121 space group, Z = 4 having one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The structural configuration analysis shows that the A, B, and C steroid rings exist as chair geometry, while ring D adopts a C13 distorted envelope configuration in all structures. For all polymorphs, the lattice energy has been computed by CLP (Coulomb-London-Pauli), and tight-binding density functional theory methods. Local electron correlation methods were used to estimate the role of electron correlation in the magnitude of the dimer energies. The nature of the intermolecular interactions has been analyzed by the SAPT0 energy decomposition methods as well as by Hirshfeld surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Borodi
- National Institute For R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Turza
- National Institute For R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Attila Bende
- National Institute For R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania;
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