Applications of bismuth(III) compounds in organic synthesis

This review article summarizes the applications of bismuth(III) compounds in organic synthesis since 2002. Although there are an increasing number of reports on applications of bismuth(III) salts in polymerization reactions, and their importance is acknowledged, they are not included in this review. This review is largely organized by the reaction type although some reactions can clearly be placed in multiple sections. While every effort has been made to include all relevant reports in this field, any omission is inadvertent and we apologize in advance for the same (358 references).

Ultrasound-promoted greener synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by Zr(acac)4 under ambient conditions

A simple, efficient and green procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate using ultrasonic irradiation. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, simple procedure, short reaction times and milder conditions.

Synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by [Hmim]HSO4 as a powerful Brönsted acidic ionic liquid

An efficient and green procedure for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles with various aldehydes using a catalytic amount of 1-methylimidazolium hydrogenesulfate as an active and low cost Brönsted acidic room temperature ionic liquid has been developed. The ionic liquid was easily separated from the reaction mixture and was recycled five times without any loss in activity.Key words: ionic liquid, 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles, [Hmim]HSO4, aldehyde, benzil.