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1
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Pöttgen R, Corkett AJ, Dronskowski R. NiAs-derived cyanamide (carbodiimide) structures – a group-theoretical view. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2022-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The cyanamide and carbodiimide anions are complex nitrogen-derived one-dimensional species of the type NCN2− (hence, resembling O2− but more covalently bonding) that form a huge number of salt-like phases with a variety of metal cations stemming from the whole Periodic Table. Depending on the coloring (binary, ternary and quaternary salts are known), the cationic size and charge as well as covalent contributions, different distortion (tilting in particular) and/or vacancy ordering variants of cyanamides/carbodiimides occur. Herein we summarize those cyanamide/carbodiimide structures that derive from the aristotype NiAs. The crystal chemistry is discussed on the basis of group-subgroup schemes (Bärnighausen trees).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Alex J. Corkett
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials , Shenzhen Polytechnic , 7098 Liuxian Blvd , Nanshan District , Shenzhen , China
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2
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Qiao X, Chen K, Corkett AJ, Mroz D, Huang X, Wang R, Nelson R, Dronskowski R. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Symmetry Relationships, and Electronic Structure of Bismuth Carbodiimide Bi 2(NCN) 3 and Its Ammonia Adduct Bi 2(NCN) 3·NH 3. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12664-12670. [PMID: 34428016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bi2(NCN)3, the first binary pnictogen carbodiimide, and its ammonia derivative Bi2(NCN)3·NH3 have been prepared via nonaqueous liquid-state low-temperature ammonolysis. The crystal structure of Bi2(NCN)3·NH3 in space group Cc solved via single-crystal X-ray diffraction corresponds to a two-dimensional-like motif with layers of NCN2- alternating with honeycomb-like layers of edge-sharing distorted BiN6 octahedra, half of which are also coordinated by molecular ammonia occupying the octahedral holes. By contrast, Bi2(NCN)3 adopts a higher-symmetric C2/c structure with a single Bi position and stronger distortion but empty octahedral voids. In both cases, Bi3+ and its 6s2 lone pair are well mirrored by antibonding Bi-N interactions below the Fermi level. Density functional theory calculations reveal an exothermic reaction for the intercalation of NH3 into Bi2(NCN)3, consistent with the preferential formation of Bi2(NCN)3·NH3 in the presence of ammonia. A Bärnighausen tree shows both compounds to be hettotypic derivatives of the R3̅c M2(NCN)3 corundum structure that express highly distorted hexagonal-close-packed layers of NCN2- in order to accommodate the aspherical Bi3+ cations. Although Bi2(NCN)3 does not resemble the isovalent Bi2Se3 in forming two-dimensional layers and a topological insulator, theory suggests a driving force for the spontaneous formation of Bi2Se3/Bi2(NCN)3 sandwiches and a conducting surface state arising within the uppermost Bi2(NCN)3 layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianji Qiao
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Alex J Corkett
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Damian Mroz
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Ryky Nelson
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany.,Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Qiao X, Corkett AJ, Stoffel RP, Dronskowski R. Synthesis and characterisation of the quaternary cyanamide Li
2
MgSn
2
(NCN)
6. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianji Qiao
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Alex J. Corkett
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Ralf P. Stoffel
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials Shenzhen Polytechnic 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
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4
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Qiao X, Mroz D, Corkett AJ, Bisswanger T, Dronskowski R. Metathesis and Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Cadmium Carbodiimide, CdNCN. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianji Qiao
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Damian Mroz
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Alex J. Corkett
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Timo Bisswanger
- 2nd Institute of Physics A RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials Shenzhen Polytechnic 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
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Kallenbach P, Ströbele M, Meyer H. Missing Carbodiimide and Oxide Carbodiimide of Scandium: Sc
2
(CN
2
)
3
and Sc
2
O
2
(CN
2
). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kallenbach
- Section for Solid State and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Ströbele
- Section for Solid State and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Meyer
- Section for Solid State and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Mallmann M, Häusler J, Cordes N, Schnick W. Ammonothermal Synthesis of Alkali-Alkaline Earth Metal and Alkali-Rare Earth Metal Carbodiimides: K5-xMx(CN2)2+x(HCN2)1-x(M= Sr, Eu) and Na4.32Sr0.68(CN2)2.68(HCN2)0.32. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201700238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Mallmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandstrasse 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jonas Häusler
- Department of Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandstrasse 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Niklas Cordes
- Department of Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandstrasse 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry; University of Munich (LMU); Butenandstrasse 5-13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
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7
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Sterri KB, Besson C, Houben A, Jacobs P, Hoelzel M, Dronskowski R. Cr 2(NCN) 3, a ferromagnetic carbodiimide with an unusual two-step magnetic transition. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic and magnetic characterization of a ferromagnetic transition-metal carbodiimide with an unusual two-step magnetic phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti B. Sterri
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Claire Besson
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Andreas Houben
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Philipp Jacobs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Markus Hoelzel
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ)
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
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Tang X, Xiang H, Liu X, Speldrich M, Dronskowski R. Ein ferromagnetisches Carbodiimid: Cr2(NCN)3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Unverfehrt L, Ströbele M, Glaser J, Meyer HJ. The Many Faces of Rare Earth Carbodiimide Compounds. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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