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Skerratt S. Recent Progress in the Discovery and Development of TRPA1 Modulators. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 56:81-115. [PMID: 28314413 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
TRPA1 is a well-validated therapeutic target in areas of high unmet medical need that include pain and respiratory disorders. The human genetic rationale for TRPA1 as a pain target is provided by a study describing a rare gain-of-function mutation in TRPA1, causing familial episodic pain syndrome. There is a growing interest in the TRPA1 field, with many pharmaceutical companies reporting the discovery of TRPA1 chemical matter; however, GRC 17536 remains to date the only TRPA1 antagonist to have completed Phase IIa studies. A key issue in the progression of TRPA1 programmes is the identification of high-quality orally bioavailable molecules. Most published TRPA1 ligands are commonly not suitable for clinical progression due to low lipophilic efficiency and/or poor absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and pharmaceutical properties. The recent TRPA1 cryogenic electron microscopy structure from the Cheng and Julius labs determined the structure of full-length human TRPA1 at up to 4Å resolution in the presence of TRPA1 ligands. This ground-breaking science paves the way to enable structure-based drug design within the TRPA1 field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Skerratt
- Convergence (a Biogen Company), Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is an irritant sensor highly expressed on nociceptive neurons. The clinical use of TRPA1 antagonists is based on the concept that TRPA1 is active during disease states like neuropathic pain. Indeed, in Phase 2a proof-of-concept studies the TRPA1 antagonist GRC17536 has shown efficacy in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, animal studies suggest that the therapeutic value of TRPA1 antagonists extends beyond pain to pruritus, asthma and cough with limited safety concerns. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the patent literature (since 2007) on small-molecule inhibitors of the TRPA1 channel. Despite the clear progress, many unanswered questions remain. Future advancement to Phase 3 studies will assess the real translational potential of this research field.
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Rooney L, Vidal A, D’Souza AM, Devereux N, Masick B, Boissel V, West R, Head V, Stringer R, Lao J, Petrus MJ, Patapoutian A, Nash M, Stoakley N, Panesar M, Verkuyl JM, Schumacher AM, Petrassi HM, Tully DC. Discovery, Optimization, and Biological Evaluation of 5-(2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)indazoles as a Novel Class of Transient Receptor Potential A1 (TRPA1) Antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5129-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401986p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rooney
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Agnès Vidal
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anne-Marie D’Souza
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Devereux
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Masick
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Valerie Boissel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan West
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Head
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan Stringer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Jianmin Lao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matt J. Petrus
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Nash
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Stoakley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Moh Panesar
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - J. Martin Verkuyl
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Schumacher
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - H. Michael Petrassi
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David C. Tully
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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