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Azuz S, Poulsen JL, Vinter-Jensen L, Olesen AE. Drug absorption from oral formulations in patients with short bowel syndrome: a comprehensive update of the literature. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:577-600. [PMID: 37668362 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2256216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug absorption is often altered and typically diminished in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). It is important to understand the patient's gastrointestinal anatomy, the absorptive capacity of the remaining bowel, and the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the drug to optimize oral pharmacotherapy. AREAS COVERED The primary focus was to provide an updated understanding of the absorption of various drugs in patients with short bowel syndrome. Forty-seven studies covering 13 different drug classes were included in the review and study details, patient characteristics, drug characteristics and pharmacokinetic findings were summarized for each drug class. EXPERT OPINION Improving and simplifying drug treatment in patients with SBS have high priority, but the patients are multi diseased so knowledge regarding absorption of drugs as e.g. antithrombotic agents, immunosuppressants is urgently needed. Therefore, it is crucial to advance our understanding of the fundamental factors involved in drug absorption, spanning from drug design to pathophysiology. With the growing knowledge in drug design and gastrointestinal pathophysiology, we anticipate the development of computer models that can accurately predict optimal absorption in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Azuz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lykke Poulsen
- Center for Nutrition and Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Vinter-Jensen
- Center for Nutrition and Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Estrup Olesen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Wang W, Wang Y, Lu Y, Tian X, Chen S, Wu B, Du J, Xiao Y, Cai W. Inositol hexaphosphate promotes intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome via an HDAC3-mediated epigenetic pathway. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:8694. [PMID: 36794012 PMCID: PMC9899046 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.8694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Short bowel syndrome (SBS) has high morbidity and mortality rates, and promoting intestinal adaptation of the residual intestine is a critical treatment. Dietary inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, but its effect on SBS remains unclear. This study aimed at investigating the effect of IP6 on SBS and clarified its underlying mechanism. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-week-old) were randomly assigned into four groups (Sham, Sham + IP6, SBS, and SBS + IP6 groups). Rats were fed standard pelleted rat chow and underwent resection of 75% of the small intestine after 1 week of acclimation. They received 1 mL IP6 treatment (2 mg/g) or sterile water daily for 13 days by gavage. Intestinal length, levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) activity, and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cell-6 (IEC-6) were detected. Results IP6 treatment increased the length of the residual intestine in rats with SBS. Furthermore, IP6 treatment caused an increase in body weight, intestinal mucosal weight, and IEC proliferation, and a decrease in intestinal permeability. IP6 treatment led to higher levels of IP3 in feces and serum, and higher HDAC3 activity of the intestine. Interestingly, HDAC3 activity was positively correlated with the levels of IP3 in feces (r = 0.49, P = 0.01) and serum (r = 0.44, P = 0.03). Consistently, IP3 treatment promoted the proliferation of IEC-6 cells by increasing HDAC3 activity in vitro. IP3 regulated the Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3)/Cyclin D1 (CCND1) signaling pathway. Conclusion IP6 treatment promotes intestinal adaptation in rats with SBS. IP6 is metabolized to IP3 to increase HDAC3 activity to regulate the FOXO3/CCND1 signaling pathway and may represent a potential therapeutic approach for patients with SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Institu of Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shanghai Institu of Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinbei Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Shanghai Institu of Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Institu of Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China,Yongtao Xiao Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Institu of Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China,Wei Cai Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665, Kong Jiang Road, 200092 Shanghai, China.
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Diamanti A, Lezo A, D'Antiga L, Gandullia P, Spagnuolo MI, Roggero P, Capriati T, Lionetti P. Teduglutide in pediatric intestinal failure: A position statement of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP). Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:1320-7. [PMID: 35654733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the spectrum of possible treatments for Intestinal Failure (IF)-Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) has been enriched by the implementation of GLP-2 analogues. In Italy, teduglutide (Ted), an analogue of GLP-2, was approved in January 2021 by the Italian Regulatory Agency for Drugs (AIFA) for IF-SBS patients ≥1 year old. According to the Agency indications, Ted can now be prescribed by regional reference centers, with costs fully charged to the National Health Service. Following pediatric-use approval in our country and in light of scarce evidence in childhood, the pediatric network for IF of the Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) planned to share management methods of Ted in pediatric IF. The main purpose was to identify the best candidates from a cost-effective perspective. Thus, focusing on available literature and on expert opinions, the present position statement provides consensus-based recommendations on the use of Ted for pediatric gastroenterologists and nutritionists treating children with SBS.
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Zorzetti N, D'Andrea V, Lauro A. Proteomic biomarkers in short bowel syndrome : are we ready to use them in clinical activity? Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:285-293. [PMID: 33910424 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1924063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a clinical condition that can affect childhood and adult patients. Biomarker research is expected to be a new frontier in the clinical application, helpful for patients and health-care systems.Areas covered: SBS is usually a consequence of a massive intestinal resection that leads to an intestinal failure because of the reduction of absorptive surface, bacterial overgrowth, and faster intestinal transit. This new condition requires a multidisciplinary expertise to achieve again digestive autonomy. Parental nutrition (PN) supports nutritional status in SBS patients while the new guidelines on intestinal transplantation confirm its strict indication only for patients at actual risk of death on PN. A PubMed literature review from the 1980s up to date was performed, highlighting proteomic biomarkers and growth factor therapies that have shown so far promising results in SBS patients.Expert opinion: Apart from a few specific biomarkers and growth factors, the discovery of specific molecular events is currently under investigation of the proteomic analysis and could potentially represent fundamental, future changes in prevention, diagnosis, therapeutic management, and experimental practices in SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Zorzetti
- Department of General Surgery, "Ospedale Civile Umberto I", Lugo, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Lauro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a dramatic clinical condition in both children and adults; the residual bowel length is not sufficient to avoid intestinal failure, with subsequent malnutrition and growth retardation, and intravenous support is required to provide the nutrients normally coming from the intestine. Apart from the primary disease, the medical status can be worsened by complications of intestinal failure: if there are irreversible, the prognosis is poor unless a successful intestinal rehabilitation is achieved. Areas covered: The rescue of the remnant small bowel requires a multidisciplinary expertise to achieve digestive autonomy. The use of intestinal trophic factors has shown encouraging results in improving the intestinal adaptation process. Whenever the residual bowel length is inadequate, in a well-selected population weaning parenteral nutrition (PN) off could be attempted by surgery through lengthening procedures. A further subset of patients, with total and irreversible intestinal failure and severe complications on PN, may have an indication to intestinal transplantation. This procedure is still affected by poor long-term results. Expert commentary: Novel approaches developed through a multidisciplinary team work, such as manipulation of microbiota or tissue bioengineering, should be added to current therapies to treat successfully SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Lauro
- a Emergency Surgery Department , St. Orsola University Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - Florence Lacaille
- b Gastroenterology Hepatology Nutrition Unit , Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades , Paris , France
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Feng Y, Demehri FR, Xiao W, Tsai YH, Jones JC, Brindley CD, Threadgill DW, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Barrett TA, Teitelbaum DH, Dempsey PJ. Interdependency of EGF and GLP-2 Signaling in Attenuating Mucosal Atrophy in a Mouse Model of Parenteral Nutrition. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:447-68. [PMID: 28462383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), a crucial treatment for patients who cannot receive enteral nutrition, is associated with mucosal atrophy, barrier dysfunction, and infectious complications. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) improve intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) responses and attenuate mucosal atrophy in several TPN models. However, it remains unclear whether these 2 factors use distinct or overlapping signaling pathways to improve IEC responses. We investigated the interaction of GLP-2 and EGF signaling in a mouse TPN model and in patients deprived of enteral nutrition. METHODS Adult C57BL/6J, IEC-Egfrknock out (KO) and IEC-pik3r1KO mice receiving TPN or enteral nutrition were treated with EGF or GLP-2 alone or in combination with reciprocal receptor inhibitors, GLP-2(3-33) or gefitinib. Jejunum was collected and mucosal atrophy and IEC responses were assessed by histologic, gene, and protein expression analyses. In patients undergoing planned looped ileostomies, fed and unfed ileum was analyzed. RESULTS Enteral nutrient deprivation reduced endogenous EGF and GLP-2 signaling in mice and human beings. In the mouse TPN model, exogenous EGF or GLP-2 attenuated mucosal atrophy and restored IEC proliferation. The beneficial effects of EGF and GLP-2 were decreased upon Gefitinib treatment and in TPN-treated IEC-EgfrKO mice, showing epidermal growth factor-receptor dependency for these IEC responses. By contrast, in TPN-treated IEC-pi3kr1KO mice, the beneficial actions of EGF were lost, although GLP-2 still attenuated mucosal atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Upon enteral nutrient deprivation, exogenous GLP-2 and EGF show strong interdependency for improving IEC responses. Understanding the differential requirements for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/phosphoAKT (Ser473) signaling may help improve future therapies to prevent mucosal atrophy.
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Key Words
- EGF
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFR
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- GLP-2
- GLP-2 (3-33), glucagon-like peptide 2 antagonist
- GLP-2, glucagon-like peptide 2
- GLP2R, glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- ISC, intestinal stem cell
- IV, intravenous
- KO, knock out
- Lgr5, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein–coupled receptor 5
- Mucosal Atrophy
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PI3K
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PI3KR1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85a
- SBS, short-bowel syndrome
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TPN, total parenteral nutrition
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling
- Total Parenteral Nutrition
- WT, wild-type
- bp, base pair
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Austin K, Markovic MA, Brubaker PL. Current and potential therapeutic targets of glucagon-like peptide-2. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 31:13-18. [PMID: 27580097 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a gut hormone that promotes highly specific growth and function of the intestinal epithelium. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the complex mechanism of action of GLP-2, which is mediated indirectly through other intestinal factors. Although a long-acting GLP-2 analog has recently been approved for treatment of adult patients with short bowel syndrome, there remain numerous conditions characterized by intestinal insufficiency for which pre-clinical studies, as well as some limited clinical data, support further consideration of GLP-2 for expanded therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Austin
- Department of Physiology, Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Melanie A Markovic
- Department of Physiology, Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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