Intrarater reliability of 1 repetition maximum estimation in determining shoulder internal rotation muscle strength performance

Fish oil administration combined with resistance exercise training improves strength, resting metabolic rate, and inflammation in older adults

BACKGROUND

While fish oil (FO) has attracted great attention due to their health-enhancing properties, its potential to enhance benefits from resistance exercise training (RET) has not been fully elucidated yet.

AIMS

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of FO administration during 12 weeks of programmed RET on muscular strength, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and systemic inflammation in healthy older adults.

METHODS

Twenty-eight healthy older adults were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: sedentary control (CON), resistance exercise training (RET), or RET combined with FO (RET-FO). A one-repetition (1RM) of maximum muscle strength, RMR, substrate oxidation, and blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS

1RM muscle strength was significantly increased in RET and RET-FO while substantially decreased in CON. RMR greatly increased in RET and RET-FO with no change in CON. RET-FO exhibited significantly increased fatty acid oxidation, but no change was found in CON and RET. Systemic interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly decreased from baseline in RET-FO while no change was observed in CON and RET.

CONCLUSION

Our data indicate chronic RET reversed aging-induced loss of muscle strength and improved RMR, while FO administration combined with RET appears to enhance fat metabolism and mildly reduce some indicators of systemic inflammation.

Reliability of 1-repetition maximum estimation for upper and lower body muscular strength measurement in untrained middle aged type 2 diabetic patients

PURPOSE

The 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) test is the gold standard test for evaluating maximal dynamic strength of groups of muscles. However, safety of actual 1-RM testing is questionable in clinical situations such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), where an estimated 1-RM test is preferred. It is unclear if acceptable test retest reliability exists for the estimated 1-RM test in middle aged T2D patients. This study examined the reliability of the estimated 1-RM strength test in untrained middle aged T2D subjects.

METHODS

Twenty five untrained diabetic males (n=19) and females (n=6) aged 40.7+0.4 years participated in the study. Participants undertook the first estimated 1-RM test for five exercises namely supine bench press, leg press, lateral pull, leg extension and seated biceps curls. A familiarisation session was provided three to five days before the first test. 1-RM was estimated for all participants by Brzycki 1-RM prediction equation. Another identical 1-RM estimation procedure occurred one week after first test. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), paired t-test, standard error of measurement (SEM), Bland-Altman plots, and estimation of 95% CI were used to assess reliability.

RESULTS

Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC(2,1)=0.98-0.99) for all measurements with the highest for leg extension (ICC(2,1)=0.99). The SEM was lowest for lateral pull and leg extension exercises. Paired t-tests showed non-significant differences between the means of 2 sessions across three of five exercises.

CONCLUSIONS

The study findings suggest that estimation of 1-RM is reliable for upper and lower body muscular strength measurement in untrained middle aged T2D patients.