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Uchida H, Miki A, Ida A, Igusa T, Hirao K. Effects of structured positive feedback intervention on standing reach ability among older adults admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward: a small-sample pilot randomized controlled trial. Eur Geriatr Med 2025; 16:325-336. [PMID: 39511104 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-024-01094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interventions to improve the standing reach ability of older adults are essential for full functional independence, and structured positive feedback (PF) may be an effective intervention strategy. The purposes of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) are to investigate the preliminary efficacy of structured PF for improving the standing reach ability of older patients admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward and evaluate the feasibility of a future full-scale RCT. METHODS Thirty-two eligible older adults (83.3 ± 5.9 years, 23 women) out of 587 potential participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to structured PF (experimental) and conventional rehabilitation (control) groups. Only the experimental group received PF intervention for standing reach ability once every 3 days. Both groups engaged in conventional rehabilitation programs for 2-3 h every day. The primary outcome was change in Functional Reach Test (FRT) performance after 5 weeks of the indicated intervention compared to baseline. Secondary outcomes were change in Short Falls Efficacy Scale International (Short FES-I), a self-reported measure of fear of falling, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores after the 5-week intervention. RESULTS The estimated difference in mean FRT change (∆) between experimental and control groups was - 4.1 cm (P = 0.07) according to a linear mixed model, supporting the potential efficacy of PF for improving standing reach ability. Further, Hedge's g value was 0.71, consistent with a moderate effect size. However, the estimated mean change in Short FES-I between groups also indicated greater fear of falling in the experimental group (∆ = - 4.5, P = 0.009, g = 1.0). In contrast, the intervention effect on FIM was negligible (∆ = 2.0, P = 0.66, g = - 0.1). CONCLUSIONS These results support the preliminary effectiveness of structured PF for improving the standing reach ability of older adults. A larger-sample RCT is warranted for validation and optimization of the structured PF protocol. TRIAL REGISTRATION The University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Registered 31 May 2022 (UMIN000047647).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uchida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akina Miki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akane Ida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takumi Igusa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation Taiseikai, Uchida Hospital, Numata, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan.
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Guerrero K, Umagat A, Barton M, Martinez A, Ho KY, Mann S, Hilgenkamp T. The effect of a telehealth exercise intervention on balance in adults with Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:385-393. [PMID: 36585748 PMCID: PMC11646388 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Down syndrome often present with balance deficits, which compromise safety during daily activity. While evidence shows that exercise can improve balance in the Down syndrome population, it is unclear if a telehealth method will elicit similar benefits. We aimed to examine the effects of a virtual exercise program on balance in adults with Down syndrome. METHODS Eighteen low-active participants with Down syndrome completed a 12-week telehealth exercise program based on the Mann Method. Balance testing took place before and after the intervention, which included: TUG, MCTSIB, FICSIT-4, and FRT. This study was registered as a clinical trial on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04647851. RESULTS Significant improvement was seen in the TUG (p = .043), FICSIT-4 (p = .019) and FRT (p = .019). All participants achieved maximum scores on the MCTSIB in pre- and post-testing. CONCLUSIONS Balance in low-active adults with Down syndrome significantly improved following the telehealth exercise program, which we attribute to the tailored exercises that address visual/vestibular deficits and hip muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Guerrero
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Alexandria Umagat
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Mark Barton
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Andrew Martinez
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Kai-Yu Ho
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarah Mann
- Mann Method PT and Fitness, Arvada, Colorado, USA
| | - Thessa Hilgenkamp
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls remain the leading cause of injury-related death for 65 years and older. Matter of Balance is a well-documented community-based program designed to reduce participants' fear of falling. However, Matter of Balance classes' effect on physical measures remains less well studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Matter of Balance program on balance, strength, and fall risk. METHODS This is a single-group pretest-posttest evaluation of balance and strength in community participants enrolled in 8-week Matter of Balance classes. Physical therapist assessments of the Functional Reach Test and five times sit-to-stand test at week 1 and week 8 were compared. RESULTS A total of 33 class participants were studied. The average improvement in the Functional Reach Test was M = 1.33 (SD = 1.6) inches and the five times sit-to-stand test was M = -3.24 (SD = 3.42) seconds; p < .05. CONCLUSIONS Matter of Balance classes resulted in improvement in both balance and strength. This study's findings support Matter of Balance classes' efficacy as a community-based program that can reduce a participant's physical risk for falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Geyer
- Zanesville-Muskingum County Health Department, Zanesville, Ohio (Ms Geyer); and Genesis HealthCare System, Zanesville, Ohio (Dr Thompson). Ms Geyer is now with Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania
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Bohannon RW, Myers BJ, Tudini FT, Clark JT, Manor JP. Kinematics of shoulder, trunk, pelvis, and hip while reaching forward to progressively distant targets. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:221-226. [PMID: 32825992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Information on the normal contribution of various body regions to forward reaching provides a basis for assessing the maneuver. The purpose of this study was to describe the kinematics of the shoulder, trunk, pelvis, and hip of healthy young males while they stood and reached toward a target at arm's length and 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of body height beyond. METHOD Twelve healthy adult males were marked with 22 spherical reflective markers. Two trials of unilateral forward reaching were performed towards a target placed at five target distances. Motion was captured via reflective markers and an infrared camera system. RESULTS Sagittal and transverse plane motions demonstrated high reliability between trials at each target distance (ICC = 0.716 trunk flexion to 0.977 shoulder flexion). Shoulder flexion and horizontal abduction were major contributors to forward reaching with components of trunk flexion and left trunk rotation at all target distances. Hip flexion, pelvic tilt, left pelvis rotation, and hip external rotation made notable contributions at the furthest targets. All motions became more pronounced as target distance increased (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION Kinematic analysis demonstrated that right forward reaching requires composite movements at the shoulder, trunk, pelvis, and hip. The contribution of each body region to forward reaching became more pronounced as the target became more distant. These findings may be helpful when identifying localized movement impairments contributing to limited forward reach in a clinical population, although clinical validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Bohannon
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA; Advanced Interdisciplinary Movement Sciences Laboratory, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Bradley J Myers
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA; Advanced Interdisciplinary Movement Sciences Laboratory, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA.
| | - Frank T Tudini
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA; Advanced Interdisciplinary Movement Sciences Laboratory, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Justin T Clark
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Movement Sciences Laboratory, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - John P Manor
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Movement Sciences Laboratory, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
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Hlaing SS, Puntumetakul R, Wanpen S, Boucaut R. Balance Control in Patients with Subacute Non-Specific Low Back Pain, with and without Lumbar Instability: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pain Res 2020; 13:795-803. [PMID: 32425585 PMCID: PMC7187545 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s232080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with low back pain (LBP) have poorly coordinated neuromuscular control, which may alter the normal postural stability of the spine. Altered movement control may occur at any stage of LBP. PURPOSE (1) To identify differences in balance control and proprioceptive sense between subacute non-specific LBP (NSLBP) patients with and without lumbar instability (LI) and healthy subjects and (2) to investigate the correlation between factors of motor control deficits and balance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six participants matched by gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) were allocated into three groups of 12: subacute NSLBP patients with LI, subacute NSLBP patients without LI, and healthy subjects. Balance, proprioceptive sense, pain, functional disability, and fear of movement were evaluated. RESULTS Subacute NSLBP patients with LI exhibited greater impairments in balance control, proprioceptive sense, and functional ability than patients without LI (p<0.05). Subacute NSLBP patients showed more impairments in balance control, proprioceptive sense, and fear of movement than healthy subjects (p<0.001), with the following effect sizes (partial η2) for static balance on stable and unstable surface: 0.597 and 0.560, anticipatory balance: 0.417, and dynamic balance: 0.536; proprioceptive sense: 0.676; and fear of movement: 0.379. Significant fair correlations were found between (1) static balance and proprioceptive sense, functional disability, and fear of movement; (2) functional reach test (FRT) and pain; and (3) the five times sit to stand test (FTSTS) and functional disability. CONCLUSION Subacute NSLBP patients with LI showed greater impairment in balance control than patients without LI. Reduced proprioceptive sense, increased pain, functional disability, and fear of movement were fairly related to impaired balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Su Hlaing
- Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
| | - Sawitri Wanpen
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
| | - Rose Boucaut
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, School of Health Sciences, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
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Usefulness, assessment and normative data of the Functional Reach Test in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 81:149-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bohannon RW, Wolfson LI, White WB. Functional reach of older adults: normative reference values based on new and published data. Physiotherapy 2017; 103:387-391. [PMID: 28843449 PMCID: PMC5628099 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide normative reference values for the standing functional reach test for older adults. DESIGN Observational study and meta-analysis of data from published studies. SETTING Clinical Research Center. PARTICIPANTS Older adults: 199 hypertensive from INFINITY study and 7535 from consolidation of INFINITY and 20 other studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Functional reach. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) for functional reach for the hypertensive older adults was 27.5 (7.2) cm. For the consolidated sample of older adults, a random effects model determined a weighted mean (standard error) functional reach of 27.2 (0.9) cm with a 95% confidence interval of 25.5 to 28.9cm. CONCLUSION Pending the availability of data from a large population-based study, the summary data presented herein can serve as a reasonable estimate of normal functional reach for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Bohannon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA.
| | - Leslie I Wolfson
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - William B White
- Division of Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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