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Doma K, Connor JD, Nakamura FY, Leicht AS. Intra-Session Reliability of Sprint Performance on a Non-Motorised Treadmill for Healthy Active Males and Females. J Hum Kinet 2023; 87:163-171. [PMID: 37559768 PMCID: PMC10407314 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/163180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the intra-session reliability of sprint performance on a non-motorized treadmill amongst healthy, active male and female adults. One hundred and twenty participants (males n = 77; females n = 45) completed two familiarization sessions, followed by a third session that consisted of three trials (T1, T2, T3) of maximal sprints (4-s), interspersed by three minutes of recovery. Combining males and females exhibited moderate-to-excellent test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC), minimal measurement error (coefficient of variation, CV) and trivial differences between trials (effect size, ES) for speed, power, total work and acceleration (ICC = 0.82-0.98, CV = 1.31-8.45%, ES = 0.01-0.22). The measurement error was improved between comparisons of T1 vs. T2 (CV = 1.62-8.45%, ES = 0.12-0.22) to T2 vs. T3 (CV = 1.31-6.56%, ES = 0.01-0.07) and better for females (CV = 1.26-7.94%, ES = 0.001-0.26) than males (CV = 1.33-8.53%, ES = 0.06-0.31). The current study demonstrated moderate-to-excellent reliability and good-moderate measurement error during a 4-s sprint on a non-motorized treadmill. However, sex had a substantial impact with females exhibiting better values. Practitioners should employ at least two separate trials within a session, in addition to multiple familiarization sessions, to achieve reliable non-motorized treadmill sprint performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Doma
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Connor
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fabio Y. Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
| | - Anthony S. Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Kerhervé HA, Stewart DG, McLellan C, Lovell D. Fatigue Indices and Perceived Exertion Highlight Ergometer Specificity for Repeated Sprint Ability Testing. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:45. [PMID: 33345037 PMCID: PMC7739711 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the time course of measures of performance, fatigue, and perceived exertion during repeated-sprint ability (RSA) testing performed on a non-motorized treadmill (NMT) and cycling ergometer (CE). Fourteen physically active participants performed two 10 ×6 s−1 RSA tests with a 1:4 work-to-rest ratio (24 s recovery) on NMT and CE. Measures of performance [peak and mean power output (PPO and MPO), cadence, and the time to reach PPO (TTP)] and of fatigue (fatigue index and decrement score) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected during each session. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Participants completed the RSA test at a MPO of 1,041 ± 141 W on CE and 431 ± 48 W on NMT, achieving PPO of 2,310 ± 339 W on CE and 1,763 ± 289 W on NMT. Participants' weight was significantly correlated with PPO and MPO on CE (p < 0.001) and with MPO on NMT (p < 0.001). PPO on CE and NMT was significantly correlated only for absolute measures of power (p < 0.01). Cadence was higher and decreased throughout the RSA on NMT compared to CE, where it decreased only at the seventh bout. TTP was significantly shorter and more affected by fatigue on NMT than on CE. Fatigue indices were significantly greater on NMT compared to CE, with significant correlations between the decrement score and absolute and relative PPO on CE and NMT, between the fatigue index and absolute and relative PPO only on NMT, and no significant correlations with MPO. During RSA, RPE increased more on NMT compared to CE from bouts 3 to 7. During recovery, RPE was consistently higher on NMT at 1, 3, and 5 min post exercise compared to CE. These findings indicate that RSA performed on NMT induces greater fatigue and physiological load than CE, which originated in the lower resistive torque typically used on NMT compared to CE, resulting in a front loaded power output profile from the greater acceleration and cadence. From these results, we discuss that despite providing highly correlated measures of power output, NMT and CE should not be used interchangeably to assess RSA as they elicit markedly different responses. We also discuss these results from the fundamental differences in active muscle mass and power application patterns between running and cycling, which could form the basis of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Kerhervé
- Univ Rennes, M2S - EA 7470, Rennes, France.,School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - David G Stewart
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris McLellan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dale Lovell
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
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Evaluation of a sport-specific field test to determine maximal lactate accumulation rate and sprint performance parameters in running. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:27-34. [PMID: 31477377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of maximal lactate accumulation rate (V˙Lamax) and sprint performance parameters in running and assess different approaches to determine alactic time interval (talac). DESIGN Sixteen competitive runners (female=5; male=11) performed three trials (T1, T2 and T3) of an all-out 100-m sprint test separated by 48h. METHODS Time to cover the 100m was determined by using a photoelectric light-barrier (t100,LB) and a stop-watch (t100,SW). Throughout the sprints, velocity was measured using a laser velocity guard (LAVEG) to estimate maximal velocity (vmax) and power (Pmax). The talac was calculated as the time when power decreased by 3.5% (tpmax-3.5%) and interpolated based on the sprint time (tinter,LB and tinter,SW). Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE) and smallest worthwhile change (SWC). RESULTS After initial familiarisation, t100, tinter, vmax, Pmax and V˙Lamax attained excellent reliability (ICC≥0.90), whereas tpmax-3.5% attained moderate reliability (ICC=0.518). The reliability of V˙Lamax was higher when tinter,LB or tinter,SW were used (ICC=0.960) compared to using tpmax-3.5% (ICC=0.928). At T1, V˙Lamax was significantly higher when stop-watch measurements were used. There was no difference between tpmax-3.5% and the interpolated time intervals and the associated V˙Lamax-estimates. CONCLUSIONS In running, V˙Lamax and sprint performance parameters can easily and high-reliably be measured using this sport-specific field test. Interpolating talac results in similar and more reliable values of V˙Lamax. To improve the reliability and accuracy of the stop-watch estimate, a familiarisation should be performed.
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Pagonas N, Bauer F, Seibert FS, Seidel M, Schenker P, Kykalos S, Dürr M, Reinke P, Babel N, Viebahn R, Westhoff TH. Intensive blood pressure control is associated with improved patient and graft survival after renal transplantation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10507. [PMID: 31324868 PMCID: PMC6642181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on data of the SPRINT trial, American hypertension guidelines recently reduced the blood pressure goal from 140/90 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg for subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas European guidelines recommend a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 130-139 mmHg. The present analysis investigates whether a SBP < 130 mmHg is associated with an additional benefit in renal transplant recipients. We performed a retrospective analysis of 815 renal transplant recipients who were stratified according to mean office SBP values < 130 mmHg, 130-139 mmHg or ≥140 mmHg. Patient and graft survival was defined as composite endpoint, follow-up was limited to 120 months. Mean SBP of the follow-up was significantly associated with the composite endpoint (n = 218) with better survival for a SBP < 130 mmHg and 130-139 mmHg compared to ≥140 mmHg (p < 0.001). The differences in the combined endpoint remained significant in Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, gender and eGFR (p = 0.007, HR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.41-0.53), but not for graft survival alone. Renal transplant recipients with SBP < 130 mmHg had a lower mortality than those with the conservative blood pressure goal <140 mmHg. These data suggest that the new AHA BP targets are safe for renal transplant recipients and - with all limitations of a retrospective analysis - might even be associated with improved outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pagonas
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Bauer
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix S Seibert
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidel
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Schenker
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stylianos Kykalos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard Viebahn
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Timm H Westhoff
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Jagim AR, Dominy TA, Camic CL, Wright G, Doberstein S, Jones MT, Oliver JM. Acute Effects of the Elevation Training Mask on Strength Performance in Recreational Weight lifters. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:482-489. [PMID: 29084093 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Jagim, AR, Dominy, TA, Camic, CL, Wright, G, Doberstein, S, Jones, MT, and Oliver, JM. Acute effects of the elevation training mask on strength performance in recreational weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 482-489, 2018-The Elevation Training Mask 2.0 (ETM) is a novel device that purportedly simulates altitude training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of the ETM on resistance exercise performance, metabolic stress markers, and ratings of mental fatigue. Twenty male recreational weight lifters completed 2 training sessions of back squat and bench press (6 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 5-repetition maximum and seventh set to failure) as well as a maximal effort sprint test (18% body mass) with the mask (ETM) and without the mask (NM). Training evaluation included baseline and postexercise blood lactate and oxygen saturation measures. Performance evaluation included peak and average velocity bar velocity, total volume load, total work, total repetitions completed, and sprint performance. Adverse side effects were reported in 12% (n = 3) of participants, which included feelings of light headedness, anxiety, and discomfort. No differences were found in repetitions or total workload in back squat (p = 0.07) or bench press (p = 0.08) between conditions. A lower peak velocity was identified during the back squat, bench press, and sprint test in the ETM condition (p = 0.04). Blood lactate values were lower after bench press and sprint during the ETM condition (p < 0.001). Significantly lower ratings of alertness and focus for task were found after squat, bench press, and sprint test in the ETM condition compared with the NM condition (p < 0.001). Wearing the ETM during bouts of resistance training did not hinder the ability to achieve desired training volumes during the resistance training session. However, wearing the ETM does seem to attenuate the ability to maintain working velocity during training bouts and negatively influence ratings of alertness and focus for task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Jagim
- Exercise Science Department, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, Missouri
| | - Trevor A Dominy
- Exercise and Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Clayton L Camic
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
| | - Glenn Wright
- Exercise and Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Scott Doberstein
- Exercise and Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Division of Health and Human Performance, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Jonathan M Oliver
- Kinesiology Department, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
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Hahn CJ, Jagim AR, Camic CL, Andre MJ. Acute Effects of a Caffeine-Containing Supplement on Anaerobic Power and Subjective Measurements of Fatigue in Recreationally Active Men. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1029-1035. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cameron M, Camic CL, Doberstein S, Erickson JL, Jagim AR. The acute effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement on resting energy expenditure and exercise performance in recreationally active females. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:1. [PMID: 29311763 PMCID: PMC5755346 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of dietary supplements to improve performance is becoming increasingly popular among athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Unfortunately, there is a tremendous lack of research being done regarding female athletes and the use of sport supplements. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) ingestion on resting metabolism and exercise performance in recreationally-active females. METHODS Fifteen recreationally-active females participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Subjects completed baseline, and two experimental testing sessions in a cross-over design fashion. Experimental testing included assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE), heart rate, and blood pressure following the ingestion of a MIPS or placebo. Subjects also completed a repetition to failure test for the back squat (BS) and bench press (BP) at 85% of their 5-repetition maximum followed by the assessment of anaerobic power using a counter-movement vertical jump test and a sprint test on a force-treadmill. Subjective measurements of energy, focus, and fatigue were also assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Separate repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess differences in REE, cardiovascular responses, and subjective markers between conditions. Performance data were analyzed using paired Student's T-tests. RESULTS A significant main effect for condition was observed for REE (p = 0.021) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.011) following ingestion of the MIPS. The supplement condition resulted in a greater number of BP repetitions to failure and total work completed during treadmill test (p = 0.039) compared to placebo (p = 0.037). A significant condition x time interaction for focus was observed with the supplement treatment exhibiting improved focus at 80-min post ingestion (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a MIPS increased resting metabolism following a single dose accompanied by an increase in diastolic blood pressure. Furthermore, acute MIPS ingestion improved upper body muscular endurance and anaerobic capacity while improving feelings of focus following high-intensity exercise in recreationally active females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cameron
- Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, La Crosse, WI USA
| | - Clayton L. Camic
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Scott Doberstein
- Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, La Crosse, WI USA
| | | | - Andrew R. Jagim
- Department of Exercise Science, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
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Jagim AR, Jones MT, Wright GA, St Antoine C, Kovacs A, Oliver JM. The acute effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout ingestion on strength performance, lower body power, and anaerobic capacity. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:11. [PMID: 26962303 PMCID: PMC4784458 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) are popular among resistance trained individuals. Previous research has indicated that acute MIPS ingestion may increase muscular endurance when using a hypertrophy-based protocol but less is known in regard to their effects on strength performance and high intensity running capacity. Therefore, the purpose was to determine if short-term, MIPS ingestion influences strength performance and anaerobic running capacity. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, crossover design; 12 males (19 ± 1 yrs.; 180 ± 12 cm; 89.3 ± 11 kg; 13.6 ± 4.9 %BF) had their body composition assessed followed by 5-repetition maximum (5RM) determination of back squat (BS; 119.3 ± 17.7 kg) and bench press (BP; 92.1 ± 17.8 kg) exercises. On two separate occasions subjects ingested a MIPS or a placebo (P) 30-minutes prior to performing a counter movement vertical jump test, 5 sets of 5 repetitions at 85 % of 5RM of BS and BP, followed by a single set to failure, and an anaerobic capacity sprint test to assess peak and mean power. Subjective markers of energy levels and fatigue were also assessed. Subjects returned one week later for a second testing session using counter treatment. Results MIPS resulted in a greater number of repetitions performed in the final set to failure in the BP (MIPS, 9.8 ± 1.7 repetitions; P, 9.1 ± 2; p = 0.03, d = 0.38), which led to a greater total volume load (set x repetitions x load) in the MIPS (753 ± 211 kg) compared to P (710 ± 226 kg; p =0.03, d = .20). MIPS ingestion improved subjective markers of fatigue (p = 0.01, d = 3.78) and alertness (p = 0.048, d = 2.72) following a bout of resistance training. An increase in mean power was observed in the MIPS condition (p = 0.03, d = 0.25) during the anaerobic sprint test. Conclusion Results suggest that acute ingestion of a MIPS study may increase upper body muscular endurance. In addition, acute MIPS ingestion improved mean power output during an anaerobic capacity sprint test. However, the practical significance of these performance related outcomes may be minimal due to the small effect sizes observed. MIPS ingestion does appear to positively influence subjective markers of fatigue and alertness during high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Jagim
- Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI USA
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Division of Health and Human Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA USA
| | - Glenn A Wright
- Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI USA
| | - Carly St Antoine
- Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI USA
| | - Jonathan M Oliver
- Kinesiology Department, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
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