1
|
Wilson LJ, Curtis C. Running Event, Age, and Competitive Level as Predictors of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Derived Body Composition and Bone Health Markers in Female Runners. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00428. [PMID: 38595277 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Wilson, LJ and Curtis, C. Running event, age, and competitive level as predictors of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition and bone health markers in female runners. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The aim of this study was to assess the impact of running discipline, competitive level (COMP), and age on body composition measures in female athletes. A total of n = 51 female runners (age: 30.9 ± 5.7 years, stature: 166.7 ± 5.7 cm, and body mass (BM): 57.1 ± 8.2 kg) completed a full-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan in a cross-sectional design. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis was used to identify differences in DXA measures and independent variables. Stepwise regression determined the contribution of independent variables on DXA measures. Body fat percentage (BF%) and fat mass (FM) differed based on COMP (BF%: H(2) = 17.451; FM: H(2) = 17.406, both p ≤ 0.0001). Competitive level modestly predicted BF% and FM (BF%: R2adj = 0.316, F(1,50) = 22.660; FM: R2adj = 0.300, F(1,50) = 21.029, both p ≤ 0.0001). Bone mineral density (BMD) and BMD Z-score (BMDZ) did not differ between age, running discipline, or COMP (age: BMD: F(2,50) = 2.825, BMDZ: F(2,50) = 2.215; running discipline: BMD: F(3,50) = 1.145, BMDZ: F(3,50) = 1.474; COMP: BMD: F(2,50) = 0.074, BMDZ: F(2,50) = 1.297, all p ≤ 0.05). Age and running discipline modestly predicted BMD and BMDZ (BMD: R2adj = 0.179, F(1,50) = 5.264; BMDZ: R2adj = 0.173, F(1,50) = 4.545, both p ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate COMP may be a predictor of BF% and FM. Age and running discipline appear predictors of bone health markers. Such findings may enable medical and sport science practitioners to tailor interventions relating to realization of training adaptations, performance, and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jane Wilson
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher Curtis
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oteo-Gómez D, Castellar-Otín C, Moreno-Azze A, Pradas de la Fuente F. Bone Mineral Density in Field Hockey Players: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:455. [PMID: 38672726 PMCID: PMC11051433 DOI: 10.3390/life14040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review to compare and analyse the bone mineral density of field hockey players of both sexes and of different ages, with other sports and with a sedentary population. The search process was carried out using the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search ended on 18 March 2024. We selected articles in which a comparison was made of bone mineral density of the whole body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, arms and legs, among field hockey players, and/or with other sports and/or with a sedentary population. The systematic review followed the guidelines described in the 2020 PRISMA statement. The initial search identified 220 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the search was narrowed down to seven articles in total. It was observed that the field hockey group had better bone mineral density values than sedentary population and the low-impact sports population. Basketball players had better whole body and leg bone mineral density values than field hockey players. Causality could not be established due to the cross-sectional nature of the included studies. The better bone mineral density values in field hockey players compared to the sedentary population may be because people who participate in impact sports have a better bone mineral density. The differences in bone mineral density between field hockey and low-impact sports could be related to a lower impact during their practice in these disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Oteo-Gómez
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (D.O.-G.); (C.C.-O.); (F.P.d.l.F.)
| | - Carlos Castellar-Otín
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (D.O.-G.); (C.C.-O.); (F.P.d.l.F.)
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Alejandro Moreno-Azze
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (D.O.-G.); (C.C.-O.); (F.P.d.l.F.)
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Francisco Pradas de la Fuente
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (D.O.-G.); (C.C.-O.); (F.P.d.l.F.)
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Summer LC, Cheng R, Moran JT, Lee M, Belanger AJ, Taylor WL, Gardner EC. Changes in Body Composition and Athletic Performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Field Hockey Athletes Throughout a Competitive Season. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:146-152. [PMID: 37815263 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Summer, LC, Cheng, R, Moran, JT, Lee, M, Belanger, AJ, TaylorIV, WL, and Gardner, EC. Changes in body composition and athletic performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female field hockey athletes throughout a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 146-152, 2024-The purposes of this study were (a) to analyze the changes in total and regional body composition measurements in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female field hockey team throughout a 17-game competitive season using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); (b) to examine improvements, if any, in athletic performance measures after a season; and (c) to report on the relationship between these body composition changes and changes in athletic performance. Preseason and postseason dual-energy DXA and performance data from the 2019-2020 season were retrospectively identified for 20 field players (forwards, midfielders, and defenders). Body composition data included total and regional fat mass, lean mass, and body fat percentage, whereas athletic performance measures included the vertical jump, 10-yard dash, and pro-agility (5-10-5) shuttle run. All variables were quantitative and analyzed using paired t -tests or its nonparametric equivalent and an alpha level of p < 0.05 was used to determine significance. After a competitive season, athletes had significant decreases in fat mass and increases in lean mass in their arms, legs, trunks, gynoids, and total body measurements. Android fat mass and body fat percentage also decreased. Athletes performed significantly better on the pro-agility shuttle run at the end of the season, but no significant differences were observed in other performance metrics. Moderate correlations were observed between changes in body composition (total fat mass and total lean mass) and changes in athletic performance. Our study provides a novel, longitudinal assessment of body composition and athletic performance for elite female field hockey athletes that will help trainers and coaches better understand how these variables change throughout a season and allow them to better prepare their players for competitive success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luanna C Summer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Jay T Moran
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Lee
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | | | | | - Elizabeth C Gardner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matłosz P, Makivic B, Csapo R, Hume P, Mitter B, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Bauer P. Body fat of competitive volleyball players: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2246414. [PMID: 37578094 PMCID: PMC10431728 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2246414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reference values of body fat for competitive volleyball players are lacking, making it difficult to interpret measurement results. This review systematically summarized published data on the relative body fat of volleyball players and calculated potential differences between sex, measurement method, and competitive level. METHODS The protocol followed the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The literature search was conducted using five electronic databases to retrieve all relevant publications from January 1, 2010, to July 1, 2021. The 63 studies including 2607 players that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using random-effects models. Data were reported as pooled mean body fat with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Body fat for males and females was 12.8% (11.9-13.8%) and 22.8% (21.9-23.7%), respectively. Body fat was 18.3% (16.3-20.4%) measured via skinfolds, 18.4% (15.6-21.2%) via bioelectrical impedance analysis, 24.2% (20.4-28.0%) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and 21.6% (17.4-25.8%) via densitometry. Regional, national, and international-level players had body fat values of 19.5% (17.8-21.2%), 20.3% (18.6-22.0%), and 17.9% (15.7-20.4%), respectively. When the meta-regression was adjusted for the variables sex, measurement method, and competitive level, a significant difference between sex (p < 0.001), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and skinfolds (p = 0.02), and national and international-level players (p = 0.02) was found. However, sensitivity analysis revealed that findings regarding measurement method and competitive level were not robust and should, therefore, be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations of published data, this meta-analysis provided pooled values for body fat of male and female volleyball players for different competitive levels and measurement methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Matłosz
- Rzeszow University, Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bojan Makivic
- University of Applied Sciences, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Robert Csapo
- University of Vienna, Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patria Hume
- Auckland University of Technology, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benedikt Mitter
- University of Vienna, Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- University of Alicante, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pascal Bauer
- University of Vienna, Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alves Junior CAS, Moraes MS, Souza CSD, Costa G, Silva DAS. BODY COMPOSITION AMONG UNIVERSITY FEMALE ATHLETES OF TEAM SPORTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127022020_0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The assessment of body composition in female athletes of different sports is important for health monitoring. Objective: To compare body composition in university athletes of different team sports (indoor soccer, flag football and volleyball). Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with 45 female athletes, aged 18 to 35 years (22.8 ± 3.55). The dependent variables were body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) measured by air displacement plethysmography. Bone mineral content, adjusted for height (BMC/height) and bone mineral density (BMD), were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The independent variable was sport [flag football (n = 12); indoor soccer (n = 20); volleyball (n = 13)] and the covariates were age (complete years), training volume (minutes per week) and length of time playing the sport (complete years). Analysis of covariance was used. Results: Adjusting the model for covariates, volleyball athletes (19.27 kg ± 2.20) presented higher FM values compared to the flag football (16.00 kg ± 1.70) and indoor soccer players (12.20 kg ± 1.30). There was no significant difference in FFM, BMC/height and total BMD between sports, even after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Volleyball athletes presented higher FM compared to flag football and indoor soccer athletes. There were no differences in FFM, BMC/height and BMD among the players of the different team sports. This study can help coaches and other sports professionals to prevent injuries to athletes in sports such as higher FM (volleyball), or to prevent diseases such as menstrual irregularities, which are common in athletes who may have low levels of body fat (indoor soccer players), this being one of the risk factors for the female athlete triad (eating disorders, menstrual irregularities and low BMD). Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study .
Collapse
|
6
|
Bisch KL, Bosch TA, Carbuhn A, Stanforth PR, Oliver JM, Bach CW, Dengel DR. Positional Body Composition of Female Division I Collegiate Volleyball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:3055-3061. [PMID: 33105354 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bisch, KL, Bosch, TA, Carbuhn, A, Stanforth, PR, Oliver, JM, Bach, CW, and Dengel, DR. Positional body composition of female division I collegiate volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3055-3061, 2020-The primary study objective was to measure positional differences in total and regional body composition among female NCAA Division I collegiate volleyball players using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The secondary objective was to examine normative age curves for fat and lean mass (LM) variables. Ninety female volleyball players from 5 universities received a DXA scan. Athletes were categorized by position: middle blocker (MB = 31), outside hitter (OH = 32), setter (ST = 9), and Libero (LB = 18). Height, body mass, total and regional fat mass (FM), LM, bone mineral density (BMD), and abdominal visceral adipose tissue were measured by DXA. Body mass distribution ratios were calculated. The secondary age analysis included a subset of 153 DXA scans (n = 83, ages 18-21 years). Front row players (i.e., MB and OH) had significantly greater total and regional LM and BMD measures (p < 0.05, all), compared with non-front row players (i.e., LB and ST). Differences in total LM (p < 0.001) were significantly influenced by height. Front row players had consistently lower mass distribution ratios compared with non-front row players (p < 0.05, all). Lean mass index (LMI, p = 0.752) and FM index (FMI, p = 0.392) were not significantly different across ages. Back row players have greater relative upper body mass, whereas mass in front row players is more evenly distributed between the upper and lower body. Bone mineral density differences may be influenced by repeated impact of jumping during the attacking and blocking actions of front row players. Minimal changes in LMI and fluctuations in FMI can be expected across an athlete's career.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bisch
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tyler A Bosch
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron Carbuhn
- Kansas Athletics, Inc., University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Philip R Stanforth
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jonathan M Oliver
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Christopher W Bach
- Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Donald R Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Katona A, Riewe C, Bruzina A, Ollberding NJ, Ankrom M, Divine J, Mangine R, Peairs A. Body Composition Changes over Multiple Academic Years in Female Collegiate Soccer Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5040072. [PMID: 33467287 PMCID: PMC7739407 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Body composition plays a key role in overall health and sports performance and its assessment is an important part of many athletic programs. The purpose of this study was to describe longitudinal changes in body composition for collegiate female soccer players in order to provide data to inform future training and nutrition interventions for this population. A linear mixed-model (LMM) approach was used to analyze four years of pre- and post-season body composition data, including total mass, fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, and body fat percentage (%BF) for 49 athletes. Athletes gained an average of 0.5 kg FFM during the season (p < 0.05) and increased total mass, FFM, fat mass, and %BF (2.5 kg, 1.1 kg, 1.7 kg, and 1.7%, respectively; p < 0.05) over four years. Freshmen experienced a 1.5 kg gain in total mass pre- to post-season (p < 0.05), while no changes in total mass or body composition were seen in other grade levels. Gains in %BF during the off season between Freshman and Sophomore years represented negative changes in body composition that should be addressed further. These results can help interdisciplinary athlete care teams optimize training programs in this population by understanding what changes are expected over multiple years. Normalizing these changes may also help the promotion of realistic body composition goals and the development of positive training and dietary habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Katona
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Caroline Riewe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Bruzina
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Nicholas J Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mary Ankrom
- Department of Athletics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.A.); (J.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Jon Divine
- Department of Athletics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.A.); (J.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert Mangine
- Department of Athletics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.A.); (J.D.); (R.M.)
- NovaCare Rehabilitation, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA
| | - Abigail Peairs
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
- Department of Athletics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.A.); (J.D.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|