1
|
Argüello TM. Spatializing HIV: Putting Queer (men) in its place via social marketing. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2024; 4:100169. [PMID: 38516214 PMCID: PMC10954028 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The current study is concerned with how HIV is spatialized, or emplaced in everyday life, and therefore how prevention, Queer identity, and the virus itself are given meaning. Employing a transdisciplinary methodology based in Critical Discourse Studies and critical human geography, this study provides a geosemiotic analysis of an HIV prevention social marketing effort called the Little Prick campaign. Findings showed that space was constructed through multiple competing dynamics across professionals and citizens, as well as amidst contested notions of risk and branding in the epidemic. The analysis illuminates the discursive relationship amongst Queer, HIV, and prevention. Equally, this study counters the biased notion that "prevention fatigue" in high-risk populations hampers professional labor by, instead, exposing a semiotic fatigue in the HIV epidemic and prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Argüello
- Director and Professor, School of Social Work, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, 4010 Mariposa, MS 6090, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nejad MS, Harooni J, Charkazi A, Shams M, Latifi M. Using Social Marketing to Promote Preventive Behaviors Related to COVID-19. J Lifestyle Med 2021; 11:52-56. [PMID: 34549026 PMCID: PMC8430311 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2021.11.2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, a newly discovered coronavirus, the best strategy to deal with the infection is prevention aimed at reducing transmission in the community. This article aimed to using effective behavior change strategies are needed to control COVID-19. Social marketing facilitates the acceptance, rejection, modification, abandonment, or maintenance of particular behaviors by groups of individuals, often referred to as the target audience. The six-benchmark criteria for social marketing interventions include Behavior change, Customer research, Audience segmentation Marketing mix, Exchange, Competition. Social marketing can promote healthy behaviors. Perceived benefits of the preventive behaviors can be considered. Besides, media, advertising, and other methods to reach out to the consumers to inform and encourage them should be considered. For this purpose, a slogan and a logo should be designed and installed in all educational interventions and media such as posters, pamphlets, face-to-face training sessions, group discussion sessions, telephone counseling, and videos. Advertising using celebrities covering their faces with masks can persuade people to wear face mask. To promote health behaviors, professionals should pay attention to the segmentation of the target audience before providing any service. All plans should be piloted before implementation. Besides, information sources should be organized, and media that should be used to inform the target audience should be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzeyeh Soleymani Nejad
- Health Education & Health Promotion, School of Health and Safety Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Javad Harooni
- Health Education, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Abdurrahman Charkazi
- Health Education and Health Promotion, Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shams
- Health Education & Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Latifi
- Health Education & Health Promotion, School of Health and Safety Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Yasuj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fields EL, Long A, Bademosi K, Granderson R, Schumacher CM, Chandran A, Kingon Y, Jennings JM. Identifying Community-Informed Language to Promote HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Black LGBTQ Communities in Baltimore. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2020; 32:152-168. [PMID: 32539478 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2020.32.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
LGBTQ populations, particularly Black men who have sex with men and transgender women, experience significant HIV disparities; public health messages may inadvertently stigmatize LGBTQ populations. We sought to use qualitative methods to inform a PrEP campaign. Unstructured focus groups were conducted among predominantly Black LGBTQ persons recruited through social media and events. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in NVivo using categorical analysis. Eighty individuals participated in 13 focus groups; 80% (64) identified as sexual or gender minorities. Eighty-eight percent (70) identified as Black/African American. Four themes emerged: (1) culturally competent, community-informed, locally relevant messaging, (2) avoiding stigmatizing language or images, (3) inaccessibility of clinical language, and (4) using identity labels representing local communities and their diversity. Findings suggest PrEP campaigns need to be developed through community-informed processes to engage and avoid stigmatizing priority populations. Ongoing partnerships between public health and LGBTQ communities can facilitate development of campaigns with engaging, acceptable language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Errol L Fields
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda Long
- Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
| | | | - Ricky Granderson
- PhD student in Counseling Psychology at Indiana University Bloomington School of Education, Bloomington, Indiana
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christina M Schumacher
- Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
| | - Aruna Chandran
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
| | - Yvonne Kingon
- Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Health Care for the Homeless, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacky M Jennings
- Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Evans WD, Blitstein J, Vallone D, Post S, Nielsen W. Systematic review of health branding: growth of a promising practice. Transl Behav Med 2015; 5:24-36. [PMID: 25729450 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-014-0272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brands are marketing tools that create mental representations in the minds of consumers about products, services, and organizations. Brands create schema that help consumers decide whether to initiate or continue use of a product or service. Health branding determines behavioral choice by building consumer relationships and identification with health behaviors and their benefits. Health branding can be measured by the associations individuals form with health behaviors. In 2008, Evans and colleagues systematically reviewed the literature on health brands, reported on branded health messages and campaigns worldwide, and examined specific branding strategies in multiple subject areas. This paper extends that review. We replicated the comprehensive online literature search strategy from 2008. We screened a total of 311 articles and included 130 for full-text review. This included both articles from the 2008 review and new articles. After excluding those new articles that did not meet full-text inclusion criteria, we reviewed 69 in total. Of these, 32 were new articles since the 2008 review. Branded health campaigns cover most major domains of public health and appear worldwide. Since 2008, we observed improvement in evaluation, application of theory, and description of campaign strategies in published work. We recommend enhanced education of public health practitioners and researchers on the use and evaluation of branding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Douglas Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Jonathan Blitstein
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 USA
| | | | | | - Wendy Nielsen
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research, Washington, DC USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McMahon T, Ward PR. HIV among immigrants living in high-income countries: a realist review of evidence to guide targeted approaches to behavioural HIV prevention. Syst Rev 2012; 1:56. [PMID: 23168134 PMCID: PMC3534573 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-1-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Immigrants from developing and middle-income countries are an emerging priority in HIV prevention in high-income countries. This may be explained in part by accelerating international migration and population mobility. However, it may also be due to the vulnerabilities of immigrants including social exclusion along with socioeconomic, cultural and language barriers to HIV prevention. Contemporary thinking on effective HIV prevention stresses the need for targeted approaches that adapt HIV prevention interventions according to the cultural context and population being addressed. This review of evidence sought to generate insights into targeted approaches in this emerging area of HIV prevention. METHODS We undertook a realist review to answer the research question: 'How are HIV prevention interventions in high-income countries adapted to suit immigrants' needs?' A key goal was to uncover underlying theories or mechanisms operating in behavioural HIV prevention interventions with immigrants, to uncover explanations as how and why they work (or not) for particular groups in particular contexts, and thus to refine the underlying theories. The realist review mapped seven initial mechanisms underlying culturally appropriate HIV prevention with immigrants. Evidence from intervention studies and qualitative studies found in systematic searches was then used to test and refine these seven mechanisms. RESULTS Thirty-four intervention studies and 40 qualitative studies contributed to the analysis and synthesis of evidence. The strongest evidence supported the role of 'consonance' mechanisms, indicating the pivotal need to incorporate cultural values into the intervention content. Moderate evidence was found to support the role of three other mechanisms - 'understanding', 'specificity' and 'embeddedness' - which indicated that using the language of immigrants, usually the 'mother tongue', targeting (in terms of ethnicity) and the use of settings were also critical elements in culturally appropriate HIV prevention. There was mixed evidence for the roles of 'authenticity' and 'framing' mechanisms and only partial evidence to support role of 'endorsement' mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS This realist review contributes to the explanatory framework of behavioural HIV prevention among immigrants living in high-income countries and, in particular, builds a greater understanding of the suite of mechanisms that underpin adaptations of interventions by the cultural context and population being targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadgh McMahon
- Multicultural HIV and Hepatitis Service, PO Box M139, MISSENDEN ROAD, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Medicine, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Flinders, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Paul R Ward
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Medicine, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Flinders, SA, 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Quinn GP, Ellery J, Thomas KB, Marshall R. Developing a common language for using social marketing: an analysis of Public Health literature. Health Mark Q 2010; 27:334-353. [PMID: 21058098 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2010.519989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The term social marketing has been used to describe a multitude of interventions that incorporate the use of traditional marketing techniques to promote a behavior that will improve the health or well-being of a target audience or of society as a whole. However, there is wide variation in the way social marketing is defined and used. This systematic review article examines how social marketing has been defined and applied to social problems within the public health literature from 2001-2006, by adapting a grading-system borrowed from evidence-based medicine and utilizing Kotler and Zaltman's definition of social marketing. Additionally, definitions of social marketing were identified in the reviewed articles. Identifying a common language in the description and design of social marketing interventions will benefit researchers and practitioners interested in social marketing as a behavior change approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn P Quinn
- University of South Florida, College of Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miller RL, Levine RL, McNall MA, Khamarko K, Valenti MT. A dynamic model of client recruitment and retention in community-based HIV prevention programs. Health Promot Pract 2009; 12:135-46. [PMID: 19321884 DOI: 10.1177/1524839909332137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study used system dynamics modeling computer simulations to gain a better understanding of the process of delivering small-group, evidence-based HIV prevention programs in the community and to explore implications for public health practice. A model was developed to explain provider-reported challenges associated with recruiting, retaining, and graduating people from small-group workshop programs. The model simulations revealed the difficulty in sustaining high rates of recruitment and retention in small-group programs over time. The model simulations provided insight into what processes may lead to suboptimal numbers of people being recruited and positively influenced by these programs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinto RM. Community perspectives on factors that influence collaboration in public health research. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2009; 36:930-47. [PMID: 19196863 DOI: 10.1177/1090198108328328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Community collaboration in research may lead to better methods, results, and dissemination of interventions. Little systematic research has examined specific factors that influence community-based organizations (CBOs) to collaborate in public health research. There is an urgent need to advance knowledge on this topic so that together, researchers and CBOs can minimize barriers to collaboration. This study advances a CBOfocused characterization of collaboration in HIV-prevention research. By focusing on the perspectives of 20 key informants in 10 HIV-prevention CBOs, qualitative data revealed factors that influenced their collaborations in four domains: (a) Researchers' Characteristics (expertise, availability), (b) Collaborative Research Characteristics (ought to improve services and CBO infrastructure); (c) Community Partner-Researcher Relationships (resolving social and professional issues); and (d) Barriers to HIV-Prevention Research Collaboration (cultural and social disconnect between CBO and academia). To reduce barriers, researchers ought to enhance motivators that facilitate collaboration. To use the advantages of community-based research, prevention scientists and policy makers ought to embrace CBOs' characterization of what makes health research genuinely collaborative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogério M Pinto
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Plitt SS, Mihalicz D, Singh AE, Jayaraman G, Houston S, Lee BE. Time to testing and accessing care among a population of newly diagnosed patients with HIV with a high proportion of Canadian Aboriginals, 1998-2003. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2009; 23:93-9. [PMID: 19133748 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2007.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early HIV diagnosis and treatment are important for decreasing HIV transmission and morbidity. By using initial CD4 counts and time to first viral load test, we examined the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis and the time to accessing medical care after diagnosis, respectively. Initial CD4 count, first HIV viral load test, demographics and exposure risks were obtained for all newly diagnosed HIV cases in Northern Alberta from 1998-2003. Time to accessing care was determined as the time between diagnosis and the first viral load test. Correlates were determined using simple descriptive statistics and survival analysis methods. Of 526 HIV cases, median age was 36 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 31-43), 69% were males and 41% were Aboriginal. At diagnosis, 28% of the population had CD4 counts less than 200 cells=mm3. After diagnosis, 92.2% accessed care and median time to care for the entire population was 29 days. In multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis less than 45 years was independently associated with longer median time to care (versus age 45 years or more; adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.88), while Aboriginal ethnicity (versus Caucasian; AHR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.68-1.01), and nonmetropolitan residence (versus metropolitan; AHR: 0.81; 95% CI 0.65-1.00) were marginally significant correlates for longer times to care. Although more than one quarter of cases were diagnosed at relatively advanced stages of infection, the majority of new HIV cases in Northern Alberta accessed care within 2 months of diagnosis. We need to explore new strategies to facilitate and promote earlier access to testing among individuals at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S. Plitt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ameeta E. Singh
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Health and Wellness, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gayatri Jayaraman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Bonita E. Lee
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Olshefsky AM, Zive MM, Scolari R, Zuñiga M. Promoting HIV risk awareness and testing in Latinos living on the U.S.-Mexico border: the Tú No Me Conoces social marketing campaign. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2007; 19:422-435. [PMID: 17967112 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2007.19.5.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased incidence of HIV/AIDS in Latinos warrants effective social marketing messages to promote testing. The Tú No Me Conoces (You Don't Know Me) social marketing campaign promoted awareness of HIV risk and testing in Latinos living on the California-Mexico border. The 8-week campaign included Spanish-language radio, print media, a Web site, and a toll-free HIV-testing referral hotline. We documented an increase in HIV testing at partner clinics; 28% of testers who heard or saw an HIV advertisement specifically identified our campaign. Improved understanding of effective social marketing messages for HIV testing in the growing Latino border population is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M Olshefsky
- Division of Community Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|