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Wagner M, Pigliapochi R, Di Tullio V, Catalano J, Zumbulyadis N, Centeno SA, Wang X, Chen K, Hung I, Gan Z, Dworzak MR, Yap GPA, Dybowski C. Multi-technique structural analysis of zinc carboxylates (soaps). Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6152-6165. [PMID: 37073995 PMCID: PMC10167895 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of medium- and long-chain zinc carboxylates (zinc octanoate, zinc nonanoate, zinc decanoate, zinc undecanoate, zinc dodecanoate, zinc pivalate, zinc stearate, zinc palmitate, zinc oleate, and zinc azelate) was analyzed by ultra-high-field 67Zn NMR spectroscopy up to 35.2 T, as well as 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. We also report the single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of zinc nonanoate, zinc decanoate, and zinc oleate-the first long-chain carboxylate single-crystals to be reported for zinc. The NMR and X-ray diffraction data suggest that the carboxylates exist in three distinct geometric groups, based on structural and spectroscopic parameters. The ssNMR results presented here present a future for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-NMR-based minimally invasive methods for testing artwork for the presence of zinc carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
- US Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Roberta Pigliapochi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
- Department of Scientific Research, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York 10028, USA
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Valeria Di Tullio
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Council of Research, Rome, Italy 00016
| | - Jaclyn Catalano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas Zumbulyadis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Silvia A Centeno
- Department of Scientific Research, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York 10028, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Kuizhi Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Michael R Dworzak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Cecil Dybowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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Hermans J, Helwig K. The Identification of Multiple Crystalline Zinc Soap Structures Using Infrared Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1505-1514. [PMID: 33035076 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820935183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of crystalline zinc soaps (zinc salts of fatty acids) in oil paint layers is a common sign of paint degradation. In this study, we have used infrared spectroscopy to systematically identify differences in structure and composition of crystalline zinc soap phases, and report data analysis methods for structure attribution in challenging oil paint samples. Supported by reported crystal structures, it was possible to distinguish two distinct types of zinc soap geometry: a highly symmetrical packing for long-chain saturated soaps (type B) and an alternating packing for zinc soaps with short, unsaturated, or dicarboxylic chains (type A). These two types of packing can be identified by a single or split asymmetric COO stretch vibration band. With this new information, we studied the structure and composition of zinc soaps formed in a zinc white model paint and in a cross-section from the painting Equations in Space by Lawren Harris. Using non-negative matrix factorization, band integration and band position maps, it was possible to clearly identify zinc azelate in the model paint and map its spatial distribution. The same methods showed that the paint cross-section contained both types of zinc soap structure within the same paint layer, with the less symmetrical structure appearing only at the interface with the ground layer. The results give valuable information on the internal chemistry of oil paint layers, and the demonstrated methods can find widespread application for in-depth analysis of infrared microscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joen Hermans
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Conservation & Science, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Helwig
- Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Mesbah A, Rabu P, Sibille R, Lebègue S, Mazet T, Malaman B, François M. From Hydrated Ni3(OH)2(C8H4O4)2(H2O)4 to Anhydrous Ni2(OH)2(C8H4O4): Impact of Structural Transformations on Magnetic Properties. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:872-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402106v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Mesbah
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, rue du Jardin Botanique, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Rabu
- Institut de Physique et Chimie
des Matériaux de Strasbourg and NIE and Département de Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, B.P. 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex
2, France
- Fondation icFRC, International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Sibille
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, rue du Jardin Botanique, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Lebègue
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Résonance
Magnétique, et Modélisations CRM2 (UMR UHP-CNRS 7036),
Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Lorraine, B.P.
70239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Mazet
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, rue du Jardin Botanique, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Malaman
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, rue du Jardin Botanique, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Michel François
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, rue du Jardin Botanique, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
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Mesbah A, Jacques S, Rocca E, François M, Steinmetz J. Compact Metal-Organic Frameworks for Anti-Corrosion Applications: New Binary Linear Saturated Carboxylates of Zinc. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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