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Williams PJ, Schroeder C, Jackson P. Estimating Reproduction and Survival of Unmarked Juveniles Using Aerial Images and Marked Adults. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13253-020-00384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMethods for estimating juvenile survival of wildlife populations often rely on intensive data collection efforts to capture and uniquely mark individual juveniles and observe them through time. Capturing juveniles in a time frame sufficient to estimate survival can be challenging due to narrow and stochastic windows of opportunity. For many animals, juvenile survival depends on postnatal parental care (e.g., lactating mammals). When a marked adult gives birth to, and provides care for, juvenile animals, investigators can use the adult mark to locate and count unmarked juveniles. Our objective was to leverage the dependency between juveniles and adults and develop a framework for estimating reproductive rates, juvenile survival, and detection probability using repeated observations of marked adult animals with known fates, but imperfect detection probability, and unmarked juveniles with unknown fates. Our methods assume population closure for adults and that no juvenile births or adoptions take place after monitoring has begun. We conducted simulations to evaluate methods and then developed a field study to examine our methods using real data consisting of a population of mule deer in a remote area in central Nevada. Using simulations, we found that our methods were able to recover the true values used to generate the data well. Estimates of juvenile survival rates from our field study were 0.96, (95% CRI 0.83–0.99) for approximately 32-day periods between late June and late August. The methods we describe show promise for many applications and study systems with similar data types, and our methods can be easily extended to unmanned aerial platforms and cameras that are already commercially available for the types of images we used.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
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Lannoo MJ, Stiles RM, Saenz D, Hibbitts TJ. Comparative Call Characteristics in the Anuran SubgenusNenirana. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-18-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lannoo MJ, Stiles RM, Sisson MA, Swan JW, Terrell VCK, Robinson KE. Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ch-16-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Comparative Morphometrics in Leptodactyline Frogs (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylinae): Does Burrowing Behavior Relate to Sexual Dimorphism? J HERPETOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1670/15-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reilly S, Essner R, Wren S, Easton L, Bishop PJ. Movement patterns in leiopelmatid frogs: Insights into the locomotor repertoire of basal anurans. Behav Processes 2015; 121:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Engbrecht NJ, Heemeyer JL, Murphy CG, Stiles RM, Swan JW, Lannoo MJ. Upland Calling Behavior in Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus) and Calling Triggers Caused by Noise Pollution. COPEIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1643/ch-14-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Using motion-sensor camera technology to infer seasonal activity and thermal niche of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). J Therm Biol 2015; 49-50:119-26. [PMID: 25774035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationships between environmental variables and wildlife activity is an important part of effective management. The desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), an imperiled species of arid environments in the southwest US, may have increasingly restricted windows for activity due to current warming trends. In summer 2013, we deployed 48 motion sensor cameras at the entrances of tortoise burrows to investigate the effects of temperature, sex, and day of the year on the activity of desert tortoises. Using generalized estimating equations, we found that the relative probability of activity was associated with temperature (linear and quadratic), sex, and day of the year. Sex effects showed that male tortoises are generally more active than female tortoises. Temperature had a quadratic effect, indicating that tortoise activity was heightened at a range of temperatures. In addition, we found significant support for interactions between sex and day of the year, and sex and temperature as predictors of the probability of activity. Using our models, we were able to estimate air temperatures and times (days and hours) that were associated with maximum activity during the study. Because tortoise activity is constrained by environmental conditions such as temperature, it is increasingly vital to conduct studies on how tortoises vary their activity throughout the Sonoran Desert to better understand the effects of a changing climate.
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Williams PJ, Engbrecht NJ, Robb JR, Terrell VCK, Lannoo MJ. Surveying a Threatened Amphibian Species through a Narrow Detection Window. COPEIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1643/ch-12-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cooke SJ, Sack L, Franklin CE, Farrell AP, Beardall J, Wikelski M, Chown SL. What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science(†). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 1:cot001. [PMID: 27293585 PMCID: PMC4732437 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cot001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Globally, ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna face the localized and broad-scale influence of human activities. Conservation practitioners and environmental managers struggle to identify and mitigate threats, reverse species declines, restore degraded ecosystems, and manage natural resources sustainably. Scientific research and evidence are increasingly regarded as the foundation for new regulations, conservation actions, and management interventions. Conservation biologists and managers have traditionally focused on the characteristics (e.g. abundance, structure, trends) of populations, species, communities, and ecosystems, and simple indicators of the responses to environmental perturbations and other human activities. However, an understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying conservation problems is becoming increasingly important for decision-making, in part because physiological tools and knowledge are especially useful for developing cause-and-effect relationships, and for identifying the optimal range of habitats and stressor thresholds for different organisms. When physiological knowledge is incorporated into ecological models, it can improve predictions of organism responses to environmental change and provide tools to support management decisions. Without such knowledge, we may be left with simple associations. 'Conservation physiology' has been defined previously with a focus on vertebrates, but here we redefine the concept universally, for application to the diversity of taxa from microbes to plants, to animals, and to natural resources. We also consider 'physiology' in the broadest possible terms; i.e. how an organism functions, and any associated mechanisms, from development to bioenergetics, to environmental interactions, through to fitness. Moreover, we consider conservation physiology to include a wide range of applications beyond assisting imperiled populations, and include, for example, the eradication of invasive species, refinement of resource management strategies to minimize impacts, and evaluation of restoration plans. This concept of conservation physiology emphasizes the basis, importance, and ecological relevance of physiological diversity at a variety of scales. Real advances in conservation and resource management require integration and inter-disciplinarity. Conservation physiology and its suite of tools and concepts is a key part of the evidence base needed to address pressing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Plank Institute of Ornithology, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Habitat Selection by Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus) in a Large Mixed Grassland/Forest Habitat. J HERPETOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1670/11-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Heemeyer JL, Lannoo MJ. Breeding Migrations in Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus): Long-Distance Movements, Burrow Philopatry, and Mortality in a Near-Threatened Species. COPEIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-11-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Williams PJ, Robb JR, Karns DR. Occupancy dynamics of breeding crawfish frogs in southeastern Indiana. WILDLIFE SOC B 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Heemeyer JL, Williams PJ, Lannoo MJ. Obligate crayfish burrow use and core habitat requirements of crawfish frogs. J Wildl Manage 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Engbrecht NJ, Lannoo SJ, Whitaker JO, Lannoo MJ. Comparative Morphometrics in Ranid Frogs (Subgenus Nenirana): Are Apomorphic Elongation and a Blunt Snout Responses to Small-bore Burrow Dwelling in Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus)? COPEIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-10-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kinney VC, Heemeyer JL, Pessier AP, Lannoo MJ. Seasonal pattern of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection and mortality in Lithobates areolatus: affirmation of Vredenburg's "10,000 zoospore rule". PLoS One 2011; 6:e16708. [PMID: 21423745 PMCID: PMC3053364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To fully comprehend chytridiomycosis, the amphibian disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), it is essential to understand how Bd affects amphibians throughout their remarkable range of life histories. Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus) are a typical North American pond-breeding species that forms explosive spring breeding aggregations in seasonal and semipermanent wetlands. But unlike most species, when not breeding Crawfish Frogs usually live singly--in nearly total isolation from conspecifics--and obligately in burrows dug by crayfish. Crayfish burrows penetrate the water table, and therefore offer Crawfish Frogs a second, permanent aquatic habitat when not breeding. Over the course of two years we sampled for the presence of Bd in Crawfish Frog adults. Sampling was conducted seasonally, as animals moved from post-winter emergence through breeding migrations, then back into upland burrow habitats. During our study, 53% of Crawfish Frog breeding adults tested positive for Bd in at least one sample; 27% entered breeding wetlands Bd positive; 46% exited wetlands Bd positive. Five emigrating Crawfish Frogs (12%) developed chytridiomycosis and died. In contrast, all 25 adult frogs sampled while occupying upland crayfish burrows during the summer tested Bd negative. One percent of postmetamorphic juveniles sampled were Bd positive. Zoospore equivalents/swab ranged from 0.8 to 24,436; five out of eight frogs with zoospore equivalents near or >10,000 are known to have died. In summary, Bd infection rates in Crawfish Frog populations ratchet up from near zero during the summer to over 25% following overwintering; rates then nearly double again during and just after breeding--when mortality occurs--before the infection wanes during the summer. Bd-negative postmetamorphic juveniles may not be exposed again to this pathogen until they take up residence in crayfish burrows, or until their first breeding, some years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C. Kinney
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Heemeyer
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Allan P. Pessier
- Wildlife Disease Laboratories, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Lannoo
- Terre Haute Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
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