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Chen Y, Zhang H, Jiang L, Cai W, Kuang J, Geng Y, Xu H, Li Y, Yang L, Cai Y, Wang X, Xiao J, Ni W, Zhou K. DADLE promotes motor function recovery by inhibiting cytosolic phospholipase A 2 mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization after spinal cord injury. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:712-734. [PMID: 37766498 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Autophagy is a protective factor for controlling neuronal damage, while necroptosis promotes neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). DADLE (D-Ala2 , D-Leu5 ]-enkephalin) is a selective agonist for delta (δ) opioid receptor and has been identified as a promising drug for neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism/s by which DADLE causes locomotor recovery following SCI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Spinal cord contusion model was used and DADLE was given by i.p. (16 mg·kg-1 ) in mice for following experiments. Motor function was assessed by footprint and Basso mouse scale (BMS) score analysis. Western blotting used to evaluate related protein expression. Immunofluorescence showed the protein expression in each cell and its distribution. Network pharmacology analysis was used to find the related signalling pathways. KEY RESULTS DADLE promoted functional recovery after SCI. In SCI model of mice, DADLE significantly increased autophagic flux and inhibited necroptosis. Concurrently, DADLE restored autophagic flux by decreasing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Additionally, chloroquine administration reversed the protective effect of DADLE to inhibit necroptosis. Further analysis showed that DADLE decreased phosphorylated cPLA2 , overexpression of cPLA2 partially reversed DADLE inhibitory effect on LMP and necroptosis, as well as the promotion autophagy. Finally, AMPK/SIRT1/p38 pathway regulating cPLA2 is involved in the action DADLE on SCI and naltrindole inhibited DADLE action on δ receptor and on AMPK signalling pathway. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION DADLE causes its neuroprotective effects on SCI by promoting autophagic flux and inhibiting necroptosis by decreasing LMP via activating δ receptor/AMPK/SIRT1/p38/cPLA2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yituo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanta Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Kuang
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuepiao Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Manickasamy MK, Jayaprakash S, Girisa S, Kumar A, Lam HY, Okina E, Eng H, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Delineating the role of nuclear receptors in colorectal cancer, a focused review. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:41. [PMID: 38372868 PMCID: PMC10876515 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as one of the most prevalent form of cancer globally, causing a significant number of deaths, surpassing 0.9 million in the year 2020. According to GLOBOCAN 2020, CRC ranks third in incidence and second in mortality in both males and females. Despite extensive studies over the years, there is still a need to establish novel therapeutic targets to enhance the patients' survival rate in CRC. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors (TFs) that regulate numerous essential biological processes such as differentiation, development, physiology, reproduction, and cellular metabolism. Dysregulation and anomalous expression of different NRs has led to multiple alterations, such as impaired signaling cascades, mutations, and epigenetic changes, leading to various diseases, including cancer. It has been observed that differential expression of various NRs might lead to the initiation and progression of CRC, and are correlated with poor survival outcomes in CRC patients. Despite numerous studies on the mechanism and role of NRs in this cancer, it remains of significant scientific interest primarily due to the diverse functions that various NRs exhibit in regulating key hallmarks of this cancer. Thus, modulating the expression of NRs with their agonists and antagonists, based on their expression levels, holds an immense prospect in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutical modalities of CRC. In this review, we primarily focus on the role and mechanism of NRs in the pathogenesis of CRC and emphasized the significance of targeting these NRs using a variety of agents, which may represent a novel and effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Manickasamy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sujitha Jayaprakash
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Hiu Yan Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore.
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Panada J, Klopava V, Kulahava T, Koran S, Faletrov Y, Frolova N, Fomina E, Shkumatov V. Differential induction of C6 glioma apoptosis and autophagy by 3β-hydroxysteroid-indolamine conjugates. Steroids 2023; 200:109326. [PMID: 37827441 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work, we reported the synthesis of four novel indole steroids and their effect on rat C6 glioma proliferation in vitro. The steroid derived from dehydroepiandrosterone and tryptamine (IS-1) was the most active (52 % inhibition at 10 µM), followed by one of the epimers derived from pregnenolone and tryptamine (IS-3, 36 % inhibition at 10 µM). By contrast, the steroid derived from estrone and tryptamine (IS-2) showed negligible activity at 10 µM. No necrosis, increase in intracellular calcium or ROS levels was observed. In this work, the effect of compounds on C6 glioma apoptosis and autophagy is examined by fluorimetry and fluorescent microscopy. The IS-3 epimers disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential and induce apoptosis in vitro moderately whereas IS-1 and IS-2 do not. However, IS-1 produces a large increase in monodansylcadaverine-positive autophagic vesicles over 24 h. The antiproliferative effect of indole steroids is ameliorated by autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine, suggesting an autophagy-dependent mechanism of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Panada
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Valeriya Klopava
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Kulahava
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 11 Babrujskaja str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Siarhei Koran
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 220114, 23 Filimonava str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Yaroslav Faletrov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus; Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 220050, 4 Independence ave., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nina Frolova
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena Fomina
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 220114, 23 Filimonava str., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir Shkumatov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 220006, 14 Lieninhradskaja str., Minsk, Belarus; Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 220050, 4 Independence ave., Minsk, Belarus.
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Xie D, Song C, Qin T, Zhai Z, Cai J, Dai J, Sun T, Xu Y. Moschus ameliorates glutamate-induced cellular damage by regulating autophagy and apoptosis pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18586. [PMID: 37903904 PMCID: PMC10616123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, causes short-term memory and cognition declines. It is estimated that one in three elderly people die from AD or other dementias. Chinese herbal medicine as a potential drug for treating AD has gained growing interest from many researchers. Moschus, a rare and valuable traditional Chinese animal medicine, was originally documented in Shennong Ben Cao Jing and recognized for its properties of reviving consciousness/resuscitation. Additionally, Moschus has the efficacy of "regulation of menstruation with blood activation, relief of swelling and pain" and is used for treating unconsciousness, stroke, coma, and cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is uncertain whether Moschus has any protective effect on AD patients. We explored whether Moschus could protect glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cells from cellular injury and preliminarily explored their related action mechanisms. The chemical compounds of Moschus were analyzed and identified by GC-MS. The Glu-induced differentiated PC12 cell model was thought to be the common AD cellular model. The study aims to preliminarily investigate the intervention effect of Moschus on Glu-induced PC12 cell damage as well as their related action mechanisms. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell apoptosis, autophagic vacuoles, autolysosomes or autophagosomes, proteins related to apoptosis, and the proteins related to autophagy were examined and analyzed. Seventeen active compounds of the Moschus sample were identified based on GC-MS analysis. In comparison to the control group, Glu stimulation increased cell viability loss, LDH release, mitochondrial damage, loss of MMP, apoptosis rate, and the number of cells containing autophagic vacuoles, and autolysosomes or autophagosomes, while these results were decreased after the pretreatment with Moschus and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Furthermore, Glu stimulation significantly increased cleaved caspase-3, Beclin1, and LC3II protein expression, and reduced B-cell lymphoma 2/BAX ratio and p62 protein expression, but these results were reversed after pretreatment of Moschus and 3-MA. Moschus has protective activity in Glu-induced PC12 cell injury, and the potential mechanism might involve the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Our study may promote research on Moschus in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, and Moschus may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Caiyou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jie Cai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jingyi Dai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Su WY, Tian LY, Guo LP, Huang LQ, Gao WY. PI3K signaling-regulated metabolic reprogramming: From mechanism to application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188952. [PMID: 37499988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic signaling involved in tumor metabolic reprogramming. Tumorigenesis was not only determined by the mutations or deletion of oncogenes but also accompanied by the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Metabolic alterations play a crucial regulatory role in the development and progression of tumors. Oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling mediates the metabolic switch in cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. PI3K/AKT and its downstream effector branch off and connect to multiple steps of metabolism, such as glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Thus, PI3K inhibitor could effectively regulate metabolic pathway and impede the oncogenic process and some key metabolic proteins or critical enzymes also constitute biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and treatment. In the current review, we summarize the significant effect of PI3K/AKT signaling toward tumor metabolism, it enables us to obtain the better understanding for this interaction and develop more effective therapeutic strategies targeting cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ya Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Yao Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Pin Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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Hu L, Liu S, Yao H, Hu Y, Wang Y, Jiang J, Li X, Fu F, Yin Q, Wang H. Identification of a novel heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) ligand that disrupts HnRNPA2B1/nucleic acid interactions to inhibit the MDMX-p53 axis in gastric cancer. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106696. [PMID: 36791898 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor that still lacks effective molecular targets. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) is an essential oncogenic driver overexpressed in various cancers. The potential role of hnRNPA2B1 in oncotherapy has not been revealed because of the absence of active chemical molecules. In this study, we identified the pseudourea derivative XI-011 as a novel hnRNPA2B1 ligand using chemical proteomics. An interaction study indicated that XI-011 could bind the nucleotide-binding domain to disrupt the recruitment of hnRNPA2B1 to the promoter and untranslated region of the murine double minute X (MDMX) gene, thereby inhibiting its transcription. In addition, chemical targeting of hnRNPA2B1 recovered inactivated p53 and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of apatinib in vivo. This work presented a novel strategy to restore p53 activity for the treatment of gastric cancers via chemically targeting hnRNPA2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shuqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongying Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuemiao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jingpeng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qikun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Zhang J, Zou S, Fang L. Metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: regulatory networks and therapy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 36755301 PMCID: PMC9906896 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With high prevalence and mortality, together with metabolic reprogramming, colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Metabolic reprogramming gives tumors the capacity for long-term cell proliferation, making it a distinguishing feature of cancer. Energy and intermediate metabolites produced by metabolic reprogramming fuel the rapid growth of cancer cells. Aberrant metabolic enzyme-mediated tumor metabolism is regulated at multiple levels. Notably, tumor metabolism is affected by nutrient levels, cell interactions, and transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Understanding the crosstalk between metabolic enzymes and colorectal carcinogenesis factors is particularly important to advance research for targeted cancer therapy strategies via the investigation into the aberrant regulation of metabolic pathways. Hence, the abnormal roles and regulation of metabolic enzymes in recent years are reviewed in this paper, which provides an overview of targeted inhibitors for targeting metabolic enzymes in colorectal cancer that have been identified through tumor research or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655 Guangdong China ,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Shaomin Zou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655 Guangdong China ,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Li F, Wu C, Cai W, Ye H, Su H, He M, Yang L, Wang X, Zhou K, Ni W. Elamipretide alleviates pyroptosis in traumatically injured spinal cord by inhibiting cPLA2-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36609266 PMCID: PMC9825014 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that may result in permanent motor impairment. The active ingredients of medications are unable to reach the affected area due to the blood‒brain barrier. Elamipretide (SS-31) is a new and innovative aromatic cationic peptide. Because of its alternating aromatic and cationic groups, it freely crosses the blood‒brain barrier. It is also believed to decrease inflammation and protect against a variety of neurological illnesses. This study explored the therapeutic value of SS-31 in functional recovery after SCI and its possible underlying mechanism. A spinal cord contusion injury model as well as the Basso Mouse Scale, footprint assessment, and inclined plane test were employed to assess how well individuals could function following SCI. The area of glial scarring, the number of dendrites, and the number of synapses after SCI were confirmed by HE, Masson, MAP2, and Syn staining. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed to examine the expression levels of pyroptosis-, autophagy-, lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP)- and MAPK signalling-related proteins. The outcomes showed that SS-31 inhibited pyroptosis, enhanced autophagy and attenuated LMP in SCI. Mechanistically, we applied AAV vectors to upregulate Pla2g4A in vivo and found that SS-31 enhanced autophagy and attenuated pyroptosis and LMP by inhibiting phosphorylation of cPLA2. Ultimately, we applied asiatic acid (a p38-MAPK agonist) to test whether SS-31 regulated cPLA2 partially through the MAPK-P38 signalling pathway. Our group is the first to suggest that SS-31 promotes functional recovery partially by inhibiting cPLA2-mediated autophagy impairment and preventing LMP and pyroptosis after SCI, which may have potential clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Yituo Chen
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Feida Li
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Wanta Cai
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Hantao Ye
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Haohan Su
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Mingjun He
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
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Hu Y, Wen Q, Cai Y, Liu Y, Ma W, Li Q, Song F, Guo Y, Zhu L, Ge J, Zeng Q, Wang J, Yin C, Zheng G, Ge M. Alantolactone induces concurrent apoptosis and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer through ROS mitochondria-dependent caspase pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154528. [PMID: 36343549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the fatal cancers and has not effective treatments. Alantolactone (ATL), a terpenoid extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herb Inula helenium L., confers significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor activity. However, the activity and mechanisms of ATL in ATC remain unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the potential anti-ATC effects in vitro and in vivo and the mechanisms involved. METHODS The anti-proliferative activity of Alantolactone (ATL) against ATC cells was analyzed through CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry assay was performed to assess the cell cycle, cell apoptosis, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), whereas the cellular localization of cytochrome c and calreticulin were determined using cellular immunofluorescence assays. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity in the cell culture medium was measured using a commercial LDH kit, whereas ELISA was conducted to assess the secretory function of IL-1β. Western blot assays were conducted to determine the expression or regulation of proteins associated with apoptosis and pyroptosis. Subcutaneous tumor model of nude mice was established to evaluate the anticancer activity of ATL in vivo. The expression of Ki67, cyclin B1, cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3, and IL-1β in the animal tumor tissues was profiled using immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Our data showed that ATL significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation activity of ATC cells. ATL induced ATC cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclin B1 and CDC2. Furthermore, ATL induced concurrent apoptosis and pyroptosis in the ATC cells, and the cleavage of PARP and GSDME. It also significantly increased the release of LDH and IL-1β. Mechanically, ATL-mediated increase in ROS suppressed the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, downregulated the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the release of cytochrome c, leading to caspase 9 and caspase 3 cleavage. We also found that ATL induced the translocation of an immunogenic cell death marker (calreticulin) to the cell membrane. In addition, it inhibited the growth of the ATC subcutaneous xenograft model, and activated proteins associated with apoptosis and pyroptosis, with a high safety profile. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results firstly demonstrated that ATL exerted an anti-ATC activity by inducing concurrent apoptosis and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent caspase activation. Meanwhile, these cell deaths exhibited obvious characteristics of immunogenic cell death, which may synergistically increase the potential of cancer immunotherapy in ATC. Further studies are needed to explore deeper mechanisms for the anti- ATC activity of ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Hu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qingliang Wen
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yunye Liu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Fahuan Song
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yawen Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province 323000, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Changtian Yin
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Guowan Zheng
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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10
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Therapeutic Drug-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192956. [PMID: 36230918 PMCID: PMC9563867 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma WHO IV (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is a heterogenous malignancy that displays a reprogrammed metabolism with various fuel sources at its disposal. Tumor cells primarily appear to consume glucose to entertain their anabolic and catabolic metabolism. While less effective for energy production, aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) is an effective means to drive biosynthesis of critical molecules required for relentless growth and resistance to cell death. Targeting the Warburg effect may be an effective venue for cancer treatment. However, past and recent evidence highlight that this approach may be limited in scope because GBM cells possess metabolic plasticity that allows them to harness other substrates, which include but are not limited to, fatty acids, amino acids, lactate, and acetate. Here, we review recent key findings in the literature that highlight that GBM cells substantially reprogram their metabolism upon therapy. These studies suggest that blocking glycolysis will yield a concomitant reactivation of oxidative energy pathways and most dominantly beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
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11
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Lipoprotein Deprivation Reveals a Cholesterol-Dependent Therapeutic Vulnerability in Diffuse Glioma Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163873. [PMID: 36010867 PMCID: PMC9405833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-grade gliomas are aggressive cancers that arise in children and adults, for which there is an urgent need for more effective drug therapies. Targeting the energy requirements (‘metabolism’) of these cancer cells may offer a new avenue for therapy. Cholesterol is a fatty substance found on the surface of cancer cells. Our research shows that childhood high-grade gliomas require cholesterol for their energy needs. By repurposing a drug called LXR-623 to reduce the levels of cholesterol inside high-grade glioma cancer cells, we could impair the growth of these cells in laboratory conditions. These results provide evidence for future experiments using LXR-623 to test whether this drug is able to increase the survival of mice with similar high-grade gliomas. Abstract Poor outcomes associated with diffuse high-grade gliomas occur in both adults and children, despite substantial progress made in the molecular characterisation of the disease. Targeting the metabolic requirements of cancer cells represents an alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome the redundancy associated with cell signalling. Cholesterol is an integral component of cell membranes and is required by cancer cells to maintain growth and may also drive transformation. Here, we show that removal of exogenous cholesterol in the form of lipoproteins from culture medium was detrimental to the growth of two paediatric diffuse glioma cell lines, KNS42 and SF188, in association with S-phase elongation and a transcriptomic program, indicating dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis. Interrogation of metabolic perturbations under lipoprotein-deficient conditions revealed a reduced abundance of taurine-related metabolites and cholesterol ester species. Pharmacological reduction in intracellular cholesterol via decreased uptake and increased export was simulated using the liver X receptor agonist LXR-623, which reduced cellular viability in both adult and paediatric models of diffuse glioma, although the mechanism appeared to be cholesterol-independent in the latter. These results provide proof-of-principle for further assessment of liver X receptor agonists in paediatric diffuse glioma to complement the currently approved therapeutic regimens and expand the options available to clinicians to treat this highly debilitating disease.
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Nguyen TTT, Shang E, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Siegelin MD. Methodological Approaches for Assessing Metabolomic Changes in Glioblastomas. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2445:305-328. [PMID: 34973000 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2071-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant primary brain tumor, inevitably leads to death. In the last decade, a variety of novel molecular characteristics of GBMs were unraveled. The identification of the mutation in the IDH1 and less commonly IDH2 gene was surprising and ever since has nurtured research in the field of GBM metabolism. While initially thought that mutated IDH1 were to act as a loss of function mutation it became clear that it conferred the production of an oncometabolite that in turn substantially reprograms GBM metabolism. While mutated IDH1 represents truly the tip of the iceberg, there are numerous other related observations in GBM that are of significant interest to the field, including the notion that oxidative metabolism appears to play a more critical role than believed earlier. Metabolic zoning is another important hallmark of GBM since it was found that the infiltrative margin that drives GBM progression reveals enrichment of fatty acid derivatives. Consistently, fatty acid metabolism appears to be a novel therapeutic target for GBM. How metabolism in GBM intersects is another pivotal issue that appears to be important for its progression and response and resistance to therapies. In this review, we will summarize some of the most relevant findings related to GBM metabolism and cell death and how these observations are influencing the field. We will provide current approaches that are applied in the field to measure metabolomic changes in GBM models, including the detection of unlabeled and labeled metabolites as well as extracellular flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Prediction of Rhizoma Drynariae Targets in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5233462. [PMID: 34840589 PMCID: PMC8616695 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5233462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhizoma Drynariae has been widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), but its potential targets and molecular mechanisms remain to be further explored. Targets of Rhizoma Drynariae and OA were predicted by relevant databases, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify key targets. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to obtain related pathways and then select significant pathways associated with OA. The OA chondrocyte model was established by inflammatory factor-induced SW1353 chondrocytes, and molecular docking was conducted to verify the above theoretical prediction. The results showed that a total of 86 Rhizoma Drynariae-OA interaction targets were identified, among which IL-6 and AKT1 were the key targets in the PPI network. Luteolin was the most critical component of Rhizoma Drynariae. KEGG results indicated that the effects of Rhizoma Drynariae on OA are associated with the PI3K/AKT, TNF, IL-17, apoptosis, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT pathway can activate the downstream NF-κB pathway and further regulate the transcription and expression of downstream IL-6, IL-17, HIF-1α, Bax, and TNF, suggesting that the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway is the critical pathway in the treatment of OA with Rhizoma Drynariae. Active components of Rhizoma Drynariae and key proteins of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway were subjected to molecular docking, whose results showed that luteolin and IKK-α played a critical role. In vitro experiments indicated that both aqueous extracts of Rhizoma Drynariae (AERD) and luteolin inhibited the expression of IL-6 and HIF-1α and suppressed the activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB, IL-17, and TNF pathways. The measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) indicated that AERD and luteolin can decrease the LPS-induced early apoptotic cells. Luteolin had a more prominent inhibitory effect than AERD in the abovementioned in vitro experiments. In conclusion, the therapeutic mechanism of Rhizoma Drynariae against OA may be closely related to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and downstream pathways, and luteolin plays a vital role in the treatment.
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14
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Burster T, Traut R, Yermekkyzy Z, Mayer K, Westhoff MA, Bischof J, Knippschild U. Critical View of Novel Treatment Strategies for Glioblastoma: Failure and Success of Resistance Mechanisms by Glioblastoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695325. [PMID: 34485282 PMCID: PMC8415230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the invasive nature of glioblastoma, which is the most common form of malignant brain tumor, the standard care by surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy is particularly challenging. The presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the surrounding tumor microenvironment protects glioblastoma from recognition by the immune system. Conventional therapy concepts have failed to completely remove glioblastoma cells, which is one major drawback in clinical management of the disease. The use of small molecule inhibitors, immunomodulators, immunotherapy, including peptide and mRNA vaccines, and virotherapy came into focus for the treatment of glioblastoma. Although novel strategies underline the benefit for anti-tumor effectiveness, serious challenges need to be overcome to successfully manage tumorigenesis, indicating the significance of developing new strategies. Therefore, we provide insights into the application of different medications in combination to boost the host immune system to interfere with immune evasion of glioblastoma cells which are promising prerequisites for therapeutic approaches to treat glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Rebecca Traut
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhanerke Yermekkyzy
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Katja Mayer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Aurora kinase A inhibition reverses the Warburg effect and elicits unique metabolic vulnerabilities in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5203. [PMID: 34471141 PMCID: PMC8410792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AURKA) has emerged as a drug target for glioblastoma (GBM). However, resistance to therapy remains a critical issue. By integration of transcriptome, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (CHIP-seq), Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq), proteomic and metabolite screening followed by carbon tracing and extracellular flux analyses we show that genetic and pharmacological AURKA inhibition elicits metabolic reprogramming mediated by inhibition of MYC targets and concomitant activation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha (PPARA) signaling. While glycolysis is suppressed by AURKA inhibition, we note an increase in the oxygen consumption rate fueled by enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which was accompanied by an increase of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α). Combining AURKA inhibitors with inhibitors of FAO extends overall survival in orthotopic GBM PDX models. Taken together, these data suggest that simultaneous targeting of oxidative metabolism and AURKAi might be a potential novel therapy against recalcitrant malignancies. Glioblastoma patients are treated with Aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibitors but resistance can occur. Here, the authors show that AURKA inhibition induces metabolic reprogramming, which leads to increased mitochondrial activity and inhibition of oxidative metabolism sensitizes glioblastoma cells to AURKA inhibition.
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Nguyen TTT, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Siegelin MD. Targeting super-enhancers reprograms glioblastoma central carbon metabolism. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1309-1313. [PMID: 34194627 PMCID: PMC8238252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that tumor cells demand a distinct form of metabolism was appreciated almost a century ago when the German biochemist Otto Warburg realized that tumor cells heavily utilize glucose and produce lactic acid while relatively reducing oxidative metabolism. How this phenomenon is orchestrated and regulated is only partially understood and seems to involve certain transcription factors, including c-Myc, HIF1A and others. The epigenome eintails the posttranslational modification of histone proteins which in turn are involved in regulation of transcription. Recently, it was found that cis-regulatory elements appear to facilitate the Warburg effects since several genes encoding for glycolysis and associated pathways are surrounded by enhancer/super-enhancer regions. Disruption of these regions by FDA-approved HDAC inhibitors suppressed the transcription of these genes and elicited a reversal of the Warburg effect with activation of transcription factors facilitating oxidative energy metabolism with increases in transcription factors that are part of the PPARA family. Therefore, combined targeting of HDACs and oxidative metabolism suppressed tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft models of solid tumors, including glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Wang Q, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang H. Molecular mechanism of liver X receptors in cancer therapeutics. Life Sci 2021; 273:119287. [PMID: 33667512 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are receptors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily (NRs). It was originally called the "orphan receptor" when it was firstly discovered. Then it was found to be activated by oxysterol and it was officially named LXRs. LXRs are activated by ligands and bind to the retinol X receptor to form a heterodimer and regulate metabolism. Numerous studies have shown that LXRs are involved in regulating immune function and maintaining immune tolerance. Activating LXRs can also inhibit the tumorigenesis and promote apoptosis of tumor cells, which make LXRs as potential targets in cancer treatment. This review will discuss the recent progress of LXRs from the structure and function of LXRs, the signaling pathway of LXRs, the molecular mechanism of LXRs activation in cancers, and the potential targets of LXRs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayou Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Srivastava S, Widmann S, Ho C, Nguyen D, Nguyen A, Premaratne A, Gustafsson JÅ, Lin CY. Novel Liver X Receptor Ligand GAC0001E5 Disrupts Glutamine Metabolism and Induces Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249622. [PMID: 33348693 PMCID: PMC7767092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the predominant form of pancreatic cancer with a high mortality rate due to the lack of early detection and effective treatment options for advanced diseases. Metabolic reprogramming, a common hallmark of malignant transformation in pancreatic cancer, is critical for the growth and survival of cancer cells and a potential target mechanism for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. PDAC cells have upregulated glutamine metabolism to meet their biosynthetic and oxidative demands. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. LXRs regulate critical cancer-related processes and pathways, including cholesterol, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory and immune responses. Analysis of transcriptomic data from PDAC clinical samples reveals overexpression of LXRs and their target genes in tumors as compared to normal tissue controls. Targeting LXRs with the novel LXR inverse agonist and degrader GAC0001E5 inhibited PDAC cell proliferation. Using a metabolomics approach, we discovered that 1E5 inhibits glutamine anaplerosis and induces oxidative stress, which are detrimental to PDAC cells. These findings highlight a novel role for LXR in regulating cancer metabolism and the potential application of LXR modulators in targeting cancer metabolism in pancreatic cancer and other malignancies.
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Wang W, Bai L, Li W, Cui J. The Lipid Metabolic Landscape of Cancers and New Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605154. [PMID: 33364199 PMCID: PMC7753360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprograming, as a hallmark of malignancy, has received renewed interest in recent years in such areas as energy sources, cell membrane components, and signaling molecules involved in the rapid tumor growth and the adaptation to the tumor microenvironment. Lipid metabolism deregulation in cancer involves multiple aspects, including an increased lipid uptake, endogenous de novo fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and cholesterol accumulation, thereby promoting tumor growth and progression. Recent advances in the understanding of specific metabolic alterations in cancer reveal novel pathogenesis mechanisms and a growing number of drugs targeting lipid metabolism have been applied in anti-tumor therapy. Thus, this review discusses the lipid metabolic landscape of cancers and the interplay with oncogenic signaling, and summarizes potential therapeutic targets to improve the therapeutic efficiency in cancer patients, in order to provide more reference and thinking for the treatment of lipid metabolism of cancer patients.
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20
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Fernández LP, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: Implications in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577420. [PMID: 33194695 PMCID: PMC7655926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the course of this multistage and multifactorial disease, a set of alterations takes place, with genetic and environmental factors modulating tumorigenesis and disease progression. Metabolic alterations of tumors are well-recognized and are considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolic competences in order to efficiently supply their novel demands of energy to sustain cell proliferation and metastasis. At present, there is a growing interest in understanding the metabolic switch that occurs during tumorigenesis. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism has emerged as essential for tumor development and progression. Indeed, several investigations have demonstrated the consequences of lipid metabolism alterations in cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, three basic steps occurring during metastasis. In addition, obesity and associated metabolic alterations have been shown to augment the risk of cancer and to worsen its prognosis. Consequently, an extensive collection of tumorigenic steps has been shown to be modulated by lipid metabolism, not only affecting the growth of primary tumors, but also mediating progression and metastasis. Besides, key enzymes involved in lipid-metabolic pathways have been associated with cancer survival and have been proposed as prognosis biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will analyze the impact of obesity and related tumor microenviroment alterations as modifiable risk factors in cancer, focusing on the lipid alterations co-occurring during tumorigenesis. The value of precision technologies and its application to target lipid metabolism in cancer will also be discussed. The degree to which lipid alterations, together with current therapies and intake of specific dietary components, affect risk of cancer is now under investigation, and innovative therapeutic or preventive applications must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Yu P, Wu R, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Wang R, Wang X, Lin S, Wang J, Lv L. rAj-Tspin, a novel recombinant peptide from Apostichopus japonicus, suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BEL-7402 cells via a mechanism associated with the ITGB1-FAK-AKT pathway. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:377-385. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Pontini L, Marinozzi M. Shedding light on the roles of liver X receptors in cancer by using chemical probes. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3261-3276. [PMID: 32673401 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, liver X receptor-α (LXRα; NR1H3) and liver X receptor-β (LXRβ; NR1H2), are considered master regulators of lipid homeostasis. During the last couple of decades, their pivotal roles in several physiological and pathological processes ranging from energy supply, immunity, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer have been highlighted. In this review, the main results achieved during more recent years about our understanding of the LXR involvement in cancer has been mainly obtained using small-molecule chemical probes. Remarkably, all these probes, albeit having different structure and biological properties, have a well demonstrated anti-tumoral activity arising from LXR modulation, indicating a high potential of LXR targeting for the treatment of cancer. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pontini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maura Marinozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Epigenetic Targeting of Mcl-1 Is Synthetically Lethal with Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 Inhibition in Model Systems of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082137. [PMID: 32752193 PMCID: PMC7464325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic resistance remains a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and a better understanding of this process may result in more efficient treatments. By utilizing chromatin immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing (CHIP-seq), we discovered that GBMs harbor a super enhancer around the Mcl-1 locus, a gene that has been known to confer cell death resistance in GBM. We utilized THZ1, a known super-enhancer blocker, and BH3-mimetics, including ABT263, WEHI-539, and ABT199. Combined treatment with BH3-mimetics and THZ1 led to synergistic growth reduction in GBM models. Reduction in cellular viability was accompanied by significant cell death induction with features of apoptosis, including disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential followed by activation of caspases. Mechanistically, THZ1 elicited a profound disruption of the Mcl-1 enhancer region, leading to a sustained suppression of Mcl-1 transcript and protein levels, respectively. Mechanism experiments suggest involvement of Mcl-1 in the cell death elicited by the combination treatment. Finally, the combination treatment of ABT263 and THZ1 resulted in enhanced growth reduction of tumors without induction of detectable toxicity in two patient-derived xenograft models of GBM in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that combined epigenetic targeting of Mcl-1 along with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL is potentially therapeutically feasible.
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24
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Inhibition of HDAC1/2 Along with TRAP1 Causes Synthetic Lethality in Glioblastoma Model Systems. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071661. [PMID: 32664214 PMCID: PMC7407106 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of glioblastomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, remains a significant challenge for the treatment of these devastating tumors. Therefore, novel combination treatments are warranted. Here, we showed that the combined inhibition of TRAP1 by gamitrinib and histone deacetylases (HDAC1/HDAC2) through romidepsin or panobinostat caused synergistic growth reduction of established and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) glioblastoma cells. This was accompanied by enhanced cell death with features of apoptosis and activation of caspases. The combination treatment modulated the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, including BIM and Noxa, Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Silencing of Noxa, BAK and BAX attenuated the effects of the combination treatment. At the metabolic level, the combination treatment led to an enhanced reduction of oxygen consumption rate and elicited an unfolded stress response. Finally, we tested whether the combination treatment of gamitrinib and panobinostat exerted therapeutic efficacy in PDX models of glioblastoma (GBM) in mice. While single treatments led to mild to moderate reduction in tumor growth, the combination treatment suppressed tumor growth significantly stronger than single treatments without induction of toxicity. Taken together, we have provided evidence that simultaneous targeting of TRAP1 and HDAC1/2 is efficacious to reduce tumor growth in model systems of glioblastoma.
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25
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Alvarez LD, Dansey MV, Ogara MF, Peña CI, Houtman R, Veleiro AS, Pecci A, Burton G. Cholestenoic acid analogues as inverse agonists of the liver X receptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105585. [PMID: 31931135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are ligand dependent transcription factors activated by oxidized cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols) that play fundamental roles in the transcriptional control of lipid metabolism, cholesterol transport and modulation of inflammatory responses. In the last decade, LXRs have become attractive pharmacological targets for intervention in human metabolic diseases and thus, several efforts have concentrated on the development of synthetic analogues able to modulate LXR transcriptional response. In this sense, we have previously found that cholestenoic acid analogues with a modified side chain behave as LXR inverse agonists. To further investigate the structure-activity relationships and to explore how cholestenoic acid derivatives interact with the LXRs, we evaluated the LXR biological activity of new analogues containing a C24-C25 double bond. Furthermore, a microarray assay was performed to evaluate the recruitment of coregulators to recombinant LXR LBD upon ligand binding. Also, conventional and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations were applied to gain insight on the molecular determinants involved in the inverse agonism. As LXR inverse agonists emerge as very promising candidates to control LXR activity, the cholestenoic acid analogues here depicted constitute a new relevant steroidal scaffold to inhibit LXR action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro D Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Dansey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Ogara
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina I Peña
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - René Houtman
- Pamgene International BV, 5211 HH Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana S Veleiro
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adali Pecci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Burton
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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26
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Zhao L, Hu H, Gustafsson JÅ, Zhou S. Nuclear Receptors in Cancer Inflammation and Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:172-185. [PMID: 31982345 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily orchestrate cellular processes that can impact on numerous cancer hallmarks. NR activity plays important roles in the tumor microenvironment by controlling inflammation and immune responses. We summarize recent insights into the diverse mechanisms by which NR activity can control tumor inflammation, the roles of different NRs in modulating tumor immunity, and the biological features of immune cells that express specific NRs in the context of cancer. NR-dependent alterations in tumor inflammation and immunity may be amenable to pharmacological manipulation and offer new clues regarding the development of novel cancer therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education (MOE), and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Medical Innovation, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education (MOE), and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China.
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27
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Zhang Y, Nguyen TTT, Shang E, Mela A, Humala N, Mahajan A, Zhao J, Shu C, Torrini C, Sanchez-Quintero MJ, Kleiner G, Bianchetti E, Westhoff MA, Quinzii CM, Karpel-Massler G, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Siegelin MD. MET Inhibition Elicits PGC1α-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 80:30-43. [PMID: 31694905 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The receptor kinase c-MET has emerged as a target for glioblastoma therapy. However, treatment resistance emerges inevitably. Here, we performed global metabolite screening with metabolite set enrichment coupled with transcriptome and gene set enrichment analysis and proteomic screening, and identified substantial reprogramming of tumor metabolism involving oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) with substantial accumulation of acyl-carnitines accompanied by an increase of PGC1α in response to genetic (shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9) and pharmacologic (crizotinib) inhibition of c-MET. Extracellular flux and carbon tracing analyses (U-13C-glucose, U-13C-glutamine, and U-13C-palmitic acid) demonstrated enhanced oxidative metabolism, which was driven by FAO and supported by increased anaplerosis of glucose carbons. These findings were observed in concert with increased number and fusion of mitochondria and production of reactive oxygen species. Genetic interference with PGC1α rescued this oxidative phenotype driven by c-MET inhibition. Silencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that cAMP response elements binding protein regulates the expression of PGC1α in the context of c-MET inhibition. Interference with both oxidative phosphorylation (metformin, oligomycin) and β-oxidation of fatty acids (etomoxir) enhanced the antitumor efficacy of c-MET inhibition. Synergistic cell death was observed with c-MET inhibition and gamitrinib treatment. In patient-derived xenograft models, combination treatments of crizotinib and etomoxir, and crizotinib and gamitrinib were significantly more efficacious than single treatments and did not induce toxicity. Collectively, we have unraveled the mechanistic underpinnings of c-MET inhibition and identified novel combination therapies that may enhance its therapeutic efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE: c-MET inhibition causes profound metabolic reprogramming that can be targeted by drug combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Trang T T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Nelson Humala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Consuelo Torrini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elena Bianchetti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
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28
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Nguyen TTT, Ishida CT, Shang E, Shu C, Torrini C, Zhang Y, Bianchetti E, Sanchez‐Quintero MJ, Kleiner G, Quinzii CM, Westhoff M, Karpel‐Massler G, Canoll P, Siegelin MD. Activation of LXRβ inhibits tumor respiration and is synthetically lethal with Bcl-xL inhibition. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10769. [PMID: 31468706 PMCID: PMC6783693 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver-X-receptor (LXR) agonists are known to bear anti-tumor activity. However, their efficacy is limited and additional insights regarding the underlying mechanism are necessary. By performing transcriptome analysis coupled with global polar metabolite screening, we show that LXR agonists, LXR623 and GW3965, enhance synergistically the anti-proliferative effect of BH3 mimetics in solid tumor malignancies, which is predominantly mediated by cell death with features of apoptosis and is rescued by exogenous cholesterol. Extracellular flux analysis and carbon tracing experiments (U-13 C-glucose and U-13 C-glutamine) reveal that within 5 h, activation of LXRβ results in reprogramming of tumor cell metabolism, leading to suppression of mitochondrial respiration, a phenomenon not observed in normal human astrocytes. LXR activation elicits a suppression of respiratory complexes at the protein level by reducing their stability. In turn, energy starvation drives an integrated stress response (ISR) that up-regulates pro-apoptotic Noxa in an ATF4-dependent manner. Cholesterol and nucleotides rescue from the ISR elicited by LXR agonists and from cell death induced by LXR agonists and BH3 mimetics. In conventional and patient-derived xenograft models of colon carcinoma, melanoma, and glioblastoma, the combination treatment of ABT263 and LXR agonists reduces tumor sizes significantly stronger than single treatments. Therefore, the combination treatment of LXR agonists and BH3 mimetics might be a viable efficacious treatment approach for solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Chiaki Tsuge Ishida
- Department of Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological SciencesBronx Community CollegeCity University of New YorkBronxNYUSA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Consuelo Torrini
- Department of Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Elena Bianchetti
- Department of Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Mike‐Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
| | | | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
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