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Vassallo V, Di Meo C, Alessio N, La Gatta A, Ferraro GA, Nicoletti GF, Schiraldi C. Highly Concentrated Stabilized Hybrid Complexes of Hyaluronic Acid: Rheological and Biological Assessment of Compatibility with Adipose Tissue and Derived Stromal Cells towards Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2019. [PMID: 38396698 PMCID: PMC10888561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells and extracts derived from adipose tissue are gaining increasing attention not only in plastic surgery and for aesthetic purposes but also in regenerative medicine. The ability of hyaluronan (HA) to support human adipose stromal cell (hASC) viability and differentiation has been investigated. However, the compatibility of adipose tissue with HA-based formulation in terms of biophysical and rheological properties has not been fully addressed, although it is a key feature for tissue integration and in vivo performance. In this study, the biophysical and biochemical properties of highly concentrated (45 mg/mL) high/low-molecular-weight HA hybrid cooperative complex were assessed with a further focus on the potential application in adipose tissue augmentation/regeneration. Specifically, HA hybrid complex rheological behavior was observed in combination with different adipose tissue ratios, and hyaluronidase-catalyzed degradation was compared to that of a high-molecular-weight HA (HHA). Moreover, the HA hybrid complex's ability to induce in vitro hASCs differentiation towards adipose phenotype was evaluated in comparison to HHA, performing Oil Red O staining and analyzing gene/protein expression of PPAR-γ, adiponectin, and leptin. Both treatments supported hASCs differentiation, with the HA hybrid complex showing better results. These outcomes may open new frontiers in regenerative medicine, supporting the injection of highly concentrated hybrid formulations in fat compartments, eventually enhancing residing staminal cell differentiation and improving cell/growth factor persistence towards tissue regeneration districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (N.A.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Celeste Di Meo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (N.A.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (N.A.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Annalisa La Gatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (N.A.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (G.F.N.)
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (G.F.N.)
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (N.A.); (A.L.G.)
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Vassallo V, Di Meo C, Toro G, Alfano A, Iolascon G, Schiraldi C. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Injective Medical Devices: In Vitro Characterization of Novel Formulations Containing Biofermentative Unsulfated Chondroitin or Extractive Sulfated One with Cyclodextrins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1429. [PMID: 37895900 PMCID: PMC10610477 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) pharma-grade forms are used for osteoarthritis (OA) management, CS as an oral formulations component, and HA as intra-articular injective medical devices. Recently, unsulfated chondroitin, obtained through biofermentative (BC) manufacturing, has been proposed for thermally stabilized injective preparation with HA. This study aimed to highlight the specific properties of two commercial injective medical devices, one based on HA/BC complexes and the other containing HA, extractive CS, and cyclodextrins, in order to provide valuable information for joint disease treatments. Their biophysical and biomechanical features were assayed; in addition, biological tests were performed on human pathological chondrocytes. Rheological measurements displayed similar behavior, with a slightly higher G' for HA/BC, which also proved superior stability to the hyaluronidase attack. Both samples reduced the expression of specific OA-related biomarkers such as NF-kB, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and metalloprotease-13 (MMP-13). Moreover, HA/BC better ensured chondrocyte phenotype maintenance by up-regulating collagen type 2A1 (COLII) and aggrecan (AGN). Notwithstanding, the similarity of biomolecule components, the manufacturing process, raw materials characteristics, and specific concentration resulted in affecting the biomechanical and, more interestingly, the biochemical properties, suggesting potential better performances of HA/BC in joint disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Celeste Di Meo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.I.)
| | - Alberto Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.I.)
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.V.); (C.D.M.); (A.A.)
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Toropitsyn E, Pravda M, Rebenda D, Ščigalková I, Vrbka M, Velebný V. A composite device for viscosupplementation treatment resistant to degradation by reactive oxygen species and hyaluronidase. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2595-2611. [PMID: 35727166 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the world. OA is often associated with the loss of viscoelastic and tribological properties of synovial fluid (SF) due to degradation of hyaluronic acid (HA) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyaluronidases. Viscosupplementation is one of the ways how to effectively restore SF functions. However, current viscosupplementation products provide only temporal therapeutic effect because of short biological half-life. In this article we describe a novel device for viscosupplementation (NV) based on the cross-linked tyramine derivative of HA, chondroitin sulfate (CS), and high molecular weight HA by online determination of viscoelastic properties loss during degradation by ROS and hyaluronidase. Rheological and tribological properties of developed viscosupplement were compared with HA solutions with different molecular weights in the range 500-2000 kDa, which are currently commonly used as medical devices for viscosupplementation treatment. Moreover, based on clinical practice and scientific literature all samples were also diluted by model OA SF in the ratio 1:1 (vol/vol) to better predict final properties after injection to the joint. The observed results confirmed that NV exhibits appropriate rheological properties (viscosity, elastic, and viscous moduli) comparable with healthy SF and maintain them during degradation for a significantly longer time than HA solutions with molecular weight in the range 500-2000 kDa and cross-linked material without CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Toropitsyn
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic.,Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Rebenda
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Vrbka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Velasco-Salgado C, Pontes-Quero GM, García-Fernández L, Aguilar MR, de Wit K, Vázquez-Lasa B, Rojo L, Abradelo C. The Role of Polymeric Biomaterials in the Treatment of Articular Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081644. [PMID: 36015270 PMCID: PMC9413163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a high-prevalence joint disease characterized by the degradation of cartilage, subchondral bone thickening, and synovitis. Due to the inability of cartilage to self-repair, regenerative medicine strategies have become highly relevant in the management of osteoarthritis. Despite the great advances in medical and pharmaceutical sciences, current therapies stay unfulfilled, due to the inability of cartilage to repair itself. Additionally, the multifactorial etiology of the disease, including endogenous genetic dysfunctions and exogenous factors in many cases, also limits the formation of new cartilage extracellular matrix or impairs the regular recruiting of chondroprogenitor cells. Hence, current strategies for osteoarthritis management involve not only analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and/or viscosupplementation but also polymeric biomaterials that are able to drive native cells to heal and repair the damaged cartilage. This review updates the most relevant research on osteoarthritis management that employs polymeric biomaterials capable of restoring the viscoelastic properties of cartilage, reducing the symptomatology, and favoring adequate cartilage regeneration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Velasco-Salgado
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcon, Spain
| | - Gloria María Pontes-Quero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kyra de Wit
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Abradelo
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcon, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (C.A.)
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Hyaluronan and Derivatives: An In Vitro Multilevel Assessment of Their Potential in Viscosupplementation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193208. [PMID: 34641024 PMCID: PMC8512809 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research work, viscosupplements based on linear, derivatized, crosslinked and complexed HA forms were extensively examined, providing data on the hydrodynamic parameters for the water-soluble-HA-fraction, rheology, sensitivity to enzymatic hydrolysis and capacity to modulate specific biomarkers’ expression in human pathological chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Soluble HA ranged from 0 to 32 mg/mL and from 150 to 1330 kDa MW. The rheological behavior spanned from purely elastic to viscoelastic, suggesting the diversity of the categories that are suitable for restoring specific/different features of the healthy synovial fluid. The rheological parameters were reduced in a diverse manner upon dilution and hyaluronidases action, indicating different durations of the viscosupplementation effect. Bioactivity was found for all the samples, increasing the expression of different matrix markers (e.g., hyaluronan-synthase); however, the hybrid cooperative complexes performed better in most of the experiments. Hybrid cooperative complexes improved COLII mRNA expression (~12-fold increase vs. CTR), proved the most effective at preserving cell phenotype. In addition, in these models, the HA samples reduced inflammation. IL-6 was down-regulated vs. CTR by linear and chemically modified HA, and especially by hybrid complexes. The results represent the first comprehensive panel of data directly comparing the diverse HA forms for intra-articular injections and provide valuable information for tailoring products’ clinical use as well as for designing new, highly performing HA-formulations that can address specific needs.
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Rebenda D, Vrbka M, Čípek P, Toropitsyn E, Nečas D, Pravda M, Hartl M. On the Dependence of Rheology of Hyaluronic Acid Solutions and Frictional Behavior of Articular Cartilage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2659. [PMID: 32545213 PMCID: PMC7321645 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections represent one of the most common methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis. However, the clinical results of this method are unambiguous mainly because the mechanism of action has not been clearly clarified yet. Viscosupplementation consists, inter alia, of the improvement of synovial fluid rheological properties by injected solution. The present paper deals with the effect of HA molecular weight on the rheological properties of its solutions and also on friction in the articular cartilage model. Viscosity and viscoelastic properties of HA solutions were analyzed with a rotational rheometer in a cone-plate and plate-plate configuration. In total, four HA solutions with molecular weights between 77 kDa and 2010 kDa were tested. The frictional measurements were realized on a commercial tribometer Bruker UMT TriboLab, while the coefficient of friction (CoF) dependency on time was measured. The contact couple consisted of the articular cartilage pin and the plate made from optical glass. The contact was fully flooded with tested HA solutions. Results showed a strong dependency between HA molecular weight and its rheological properties. However, no clear dependence between HA molecular weight and CoF was revealed from the frictional measurements. This study presents new insight into the dependence between rheological and frictional behavior of the articular cartilage, while such an extensive investigation has not been presented before.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rebenda
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (P.Č.); (D.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Vrbka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (P.Č.); (D.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Pavel Čípek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (P.Č.); (D.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Evgeniy Toropitsyn
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - David Nečas
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (P.Č.); (D.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Pravda
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Martin Hartl
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (P.Č.); (D.N.); (M.H.)
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Novel Hybrid Gels Made of High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Induce Proliferation and Reduce Inflammation in an Osteoarthritis In Vitro Model Based on Human Synoviocytes and Chondrocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4328219. [PMID: 31179322 PMCID: PMC6507116 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4328219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High molecular weight hyaluronan (H-HA) has a pivotal role in the maintenance of normal functions of synovial fluid and structure of the articular joint, but it has been shown that its concentration is reduced in patients affected by degenerative cartilage diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and properties of hybrid cooperative complexes based on high and low molecular weight hyaluronan (HCC) compared to H-HA on human primary cells derived by pathological joints. In addition, the rheological behavior of HCC was evaluated in order to define their potential as viscosupplement gel in degenerated joints. The experiments were performed using an in vitro model of OA based on human chondrocytes and synoviocytes isolated from degenerated joints of patients hospitalized for surgical replacement. In order to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of HCC, we evaluated NF-kB, COMP-2, IL-6, and IL-8 as specific markers at the transcriptional and/or protein level. Moreover, the proliferative properties of HCC were assessed using time lapse video microscopy. We showed that chondrocytes and synoviocytes clearly presented an altered cytokine profile compatible with a severe ongoing inflammation status. H-HA and, above all, HCC significantly reduced levels of the specific biomarkers evaluated and improved cartilage healing. The rheological profile indicated HCC suitability for intra-articular injection in joint diseases. HCC viscoelastic properties and the protective/anti-inflammatory effect on human chondrocytes and synoviocytes suggest the novel HCC-based gels as a valid support for OA management.
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