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Minami M, Miyauchi M, Eitoku M, Morizane A, Kawauchi A, Kidokoro K, Suganuma N, Nishiyama K. Comparison of emergency transport for acute alcohol intoxication before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A retrospective observational study. Alcohol 2024; 116:21-27. [PMID: 37739324 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a broad effect on social, economic, educational, and political systems. We investigated the effect of COVID-19 on emergency transportation due to acute alcohol intoxication in the Kochi Prefecture in Japan, a region with high alcohol consumption. This retrospective observational study was conducted using the data of 62,138 patients from the Kochi-Iryo-Net database, Kochi Prefecture's emergency medical and wide-area disaster information system. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between emergency transportation and alcohol intoxication. This analysis compared the monthly number of transportations during 2019 (as reference) with that throughout 2020 and 2021. Approximately 1.5 % of all emergency transportation cases were related to acute alcohol intoxication. The number of emergency transportation cases due to acute alcohol intoxication declined by 0.5 % in 2020 and 0.7 % in 2021 compared with that in 2019. Moreover, compared with that in 2019, the number of cases of emergency transportation due to acute alcohol intoxication significantly decreased in 2020 (incidence rate ratio: 0.78; 95 % confidence interval: 0.67-0.91) and 2021 (incidence rate ratio: 0.73; 95 % confidence interval: 0.63-0.86). Lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic affected the number of emergency transports due to acute alcohol intoxication in 2020 and 2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic) compared to that in 2019 (before the pandemic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Minami
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan; Integrated Center for Advanced Medical Technologies (ICAM-Tech), Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Masato Miyauchi
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Morizane
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi City, Kochi 781-8555, Japan.
| | - Atsufumi Kawauchi
- Department of Health Policy, Kochi Prefectural Government, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8570, Japan.
| | - Kazumoto Kidokoro
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Kingo Nishiyama
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
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Fenton L, Fairbrother H, Whitaker V, Henney M, Stevely AK, Holmes J. Geographies of alcohol and generation: Examining the decline in youth drinking in England through a spatial lens. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:675-684. [PMID: 38426344 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While international literature addresses the links between youth culture and the decline in youth drinking, little research has engaged with scholarship on youth geographies to more fully disentangle these links. This article explores how the decline is connected to shifts in where young people access and drink alcohol. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with young people aged 12-19 (N = 96) and 29-35 (N = 17) years in England. The interviews explored the place of alcohol in everyday life, with younger participants discussing the present and older participants discussing their youth in the late 1990s to early 2000s. Data were analysed thematically. FINDINGS Buying alcohol in shops and licensed premises was a common experience for older participants when they were teenagers but few younger participants discussed buying alcohol from commercial settings. Older participants also reflected positively on drinking in outdoor public spaces whereas younger participants, particularly those from working-class backgrounds, regarded this as morally suspect. Young participants instead accessed alcohol from parents and siblings, and often consumed it in their or others' homes in supervised or moderated ways, seeing this as positive and normative. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Spatial shifts in young people's drinking away from public spaces and toward the home appear an important part of a wider trend that renders youth drinking as increasingly moderate, risk-averse, incidental and mediated by parents, rather than excessive, transgressive and integral to youth culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fenton
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Madeleine Henney
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - John Holmes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Debele ML, Tolla TT, Zekiros BK, Abegaz HA, Ayalew MZ. Societal and cultural norms that expose children to early alcohol use in Amhara Region rural community, Ethiopia. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 232:103801. [PMID: 36493592 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on underage drinking reveals several factors that expose children to alcohol consumption, ranging from a child's personality to contextual factors. We examined societal and cultural norms that expose children to the early age of onset for alcohol use, and how community members perceive child alcohol consumption. METHODS Three focus group discussions were conducted with 36 religious leaders, elders, and locality officials; and semi-structured interviews were held with 11 women who sell alcoholic drinks near schools. RESULTS The findings showed nine underlying norms and assumptions that contribute to alcohol provision to minors. These norms and assumptions are mostly related to the knowledge gap regarding how alcohol harms children (and adults) and the perception of the social norms that support the drinking culture as unproblematic. CONCLUSION Effective intervention and educational programs should aim at addressing the basic knowledge gap about alcoholic drinks and alcohol use disorder. In addition, challenging the harmful child-rearing practices and the feeling of resignation in life in these communities is necessary. Suggestions for short-term training and long-term educational programs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meskerem Lechissa Debele
- Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box: 3019, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tiruwork Tamiru Tolla
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box: 3019, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Bizu Kinfe Zekiros
- Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box: 3019, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamnesh Abera Abegaz
- Department of Educational Planning and Management, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box: 3019, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Zewdu Ayalew
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box: 3019, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Vanherle R, Kurten S, Achterhof R, Myin-Germeys I, Beullens K. Stay Home, Drink at Home? A Daily Diary Study on College Students' Alcohol and Social Media Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:86-95. [PMID: 34709104 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1990336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 and measures to contain it may have impacted college students' behavior, including their drinking behavior. Students' drinking may have decreased-for example, due to the closure of bars-but problematic drinking may have increased-for example, due to (solitary) drinking at home. Another behavior that has increased due to COVID-19 and the accompanying social isolation is students' social networking site (SNS) use. This is worrisome because students' SNS use has been shown to increase their alcohol use. Nevertheless, little research has investigated these behaviors and the possible link between them during a lockdown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine (1) whether students engaged in drinking during a lockdown, (2) whether they displayed their drinking behavior on SNSs, and (3) whether exposure to and posting of alcohol-related content was linked to their daily alcohol use. METHODS 337 college students (Mage = 20.63 years, SDage = 1.55 years; 50.3% male) participated in a two-week daily diary study. Descriptive statistical analyses and generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) were deployed. RESULTS Descriptive analysis results showed that during the week, students' drinking occurred with friends in dormitories, while in the weekend, this behavior shifted to drinking with friends and parents at home. Moreover, students mostly saw visual and posted textual posts of this drinking on SNSs. Furthermore, GLMM revealed associations between exposure to alcohol postings, sharing of alcohol postings, and students' probability of drinking on the same day. CONCLUSION This study provides important insights into students' alcohol use and its underlying mechanisms during health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Vanherle
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Kurten
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Achterhof
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Beullens
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Addolorato G, Abenavoli L, Dallio M, Federico A, Germani G, Gitto S, Leandro G, Loguercio C, Marra F, Stasi E. Alcohol associated liver disease 2020: A clinical practice guideline by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF). Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:374-391. [PMID: 32001151 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder which includes alcohol abuse and dependence represents one of the leading risk factors for premature mortality in Europe and it is responsible of over 200 conditions, including neuropsychiatric disorders, chronic diseases, cancers and accidents leading to permanent disability. Alcohol use disorder represents the most common cause of liver damage in the Western world, with a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer. The present clinical practice guidelines by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) are focused on the current knowledge about epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of alcohol associated liver disease, aiming to provide practical recommendations on the management of this complex pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Addolorato
- Alcohol Use Disorder Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Catholic University of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy; "Agostino Gemelli" Hospital Foundation - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Germani
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Gitto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Leandro
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; Research Center Denothe, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Stasi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
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Abstract
This chapter reviews the array of methods used in contemporary research on population-level research on substance use and its consequences. We argue that there are critical questions that can best - or in some cases, only - be addressed at the level of a population. We then describe the major categories of data collection methods used in population research, including surveys, ecological momentary assessment, administrative data, audit methods, and unobtrusive assessment of substance use. Two categories of measures are then discussed: measures of an individual's use of substances and related problems and measures of harm to others caused by one's use. We then review factors that may be considered causes or correlates of substance use and consequences, including both individual and environmental factors. We close with a few thoughts on the accumulation of knowledge and its translation to policy and practice.
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Cox MJ, Sewell K, Egan KL, Baird S, Eby C, Ellis K, Kuteh J. A systematic review of high-risk environmental circumstances for adolescent drinking. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1620890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Cox
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - K. Sewell
- Laupus Health Sciences Library, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - K. L. Egan
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S. Baird
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - C. Eby
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - K. Ellis
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - J. Kuteh
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Picoito J, Santos C, Loureiro I, Aguiar P, Nunes C. Gender-specific substance use patterns and associations with individual, family, peer, and school factors in 15-year-old Portuguese adolescents: a latent class regression analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:21. [PMID: 31110558 PMCID: PMC6511212 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period of vulnerability to substance use. Recent research has shown that gender differences in adolescence substance use are complex and in constant flux. The present study aims to investigate gender differences in substance use and initiation patterns in male and female adolescents, and to assess individual, family, peer, and school associated factors of these patterns. METHODS We applied latent class regression analysis to a Portuguese representative population sample of 1551 15-year-old adolescents, drawn from the 2010 'Health Behavior in School-Aged Children' survey, to characterise different profiles of substance use and initiation for boys and girls, and to identify factors associated with latent class membership, stratifying the associations analysis by gender. RESULTS Three common classes were found for both genders, specifically, Non-Users (boys [B] 34.42%, girls [G] 26.79%), Alcohol Experimenters (B 38.79%, G 43.98%) and Alcohol and Tobacco Frequent Users (B 21.31%, G 10.36%), with two additional unique classes: Alcohol Experimenters and Tobacco Users in girls (18.87%), and Early Initiation and Poly-Substance Users in boys (5.48%). Poor school satisfaction, bullying, fighting and higher family affluence scale score formed a common core of associated factors of substance use, although we found gender differences in these associations. In girls, but not in boys, family factors were associated with more problematic substance use. Not living with both parents was associated with girl's Alcohol and Tobacco Frequent Users (gATFU) class (OR 3.78 CI 1.18-12.11) and Alcohol Experimenters and Tobacco Users (AETU) class (OR 3.22 CI 1.4-7.44). Poor communication with mother was also associated with gATFU class membership (OR 3.82 CI 1.26-11.53) and AETU class (OR 3.66 CI 1.99-6.75). Additionally, a higher psychological symptoms score was associated with gATFU class membership (OR 1.16 CI 1.02-1.31). CONCLUSION Although we found common patterns and associated factors between boys and girls, we report two unique patterns of substance use in boys and girls and specific associations between family, school and peers, and individual factors with these patterns. These findings underscore the need for substance use prevention and health promotion programmes that address potential differences in substance use patterns and associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Picoito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Rua Doutor Afonso Romão, 3000-609 Coimbra, Portugal
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Santos
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, Quinta do Alvito, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Loureiro
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Aguiar
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
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van Hoof JJ, Schreurs CJ, van der Lely N. Characteristics of Adolescents With Acute Alcohol Intoxication: Role of Population Density. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1481480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rossheim ME, Stephenson CJ, Thombs DL, Livingston MD, Walters ST, Suzuki S, Barry AE, Weiler RM. Characteristics of drinking events associated with heavy episodic drinking among adolescents in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 181:50-57. [PMID: 29032025 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between characteristics of drinking events and the quantity of alcohol consumed by adolescents in the United States. METHODS Analyses relied on 2011-2015 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The study sample included 8110 adolescents, ages 12-17years old, who drank alcohol in the past 30days. A logistic regression model, weighted for national estimation, was constructed to examine factors associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED; 5+ drinks for males, 4+ drinks for females) during the underage drinker's most recent drinking event. These models were adjusted for study year and individual characteristics, including past year drinking frequency, age of drinking onset, and demographic variables. RESULTS Buying alcohol off-premise or from another person and being given alcohol from non-parent social sources were associated with greater odds of HED compared to being given alcohol by one of their parents. Drinking alcohol at someone else's house or multiple locations were associated with heavier alcohol consumption compared to drinking at one's own home. Being older and an earlier age of alcohol onset were associated with greater odds of HED. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies contextual factors associated with HED by adolescents. Compared to global association studies, the findings from these event-specific analyses provide strong evidence of the environmental conditions that contribute to HED in American adolescents. Although no level of alcohol consumption is safe for adolescents, knowledge of event-level risk factors can inform targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.
| | - Caroline J Stephenson
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Dennis L Thombs
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Melvin D Livingston
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Scott T Walters
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Sumihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Robert M Weiler
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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