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Bechard AR, Bliznyuk N, Lewis MH. The development of repetitive motor behaviors in deer mice: Effects of environmental enrichment, repeated testing, and differential mediation by indirect basal ganglia pathway activation. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:390-399. [PMID: 28181216 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms mediating the development of repetitive behaviors in human or animals. Deer mice reared with environmental enrichment (EE) exhibit fewer repetitive behaviors and greater indirect basal ganglia pathway activation as adults than those reared in standard cages. The developmental progression of these behavioral and neural circuitry changes has not been characterized. We assessed the development of repetitive behavior in deer mice using both a longitudinal and cohort design. Repeated testing negated the expected effect of EE, but cohort analyses showed that progression of repetitive behavior was arrested after 1 week of EE and differed significantly from controls after 3 weeks. Moreover, EE reductions in repetitive behavior were associated with increasing activation of indirect pathway nuclei in males across adolescence, but not females. These findings provide the first assessment of developmental trajectories within EE and support indirect pathway mediation of repetitive behavior in male deer mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Bechard
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nikolay Bliznyuk
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark H Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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2
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Sinchak K, Wagner EJ. Estradiol signaling in the regulation of reproduction and energy balance. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:342-63. [PMID: 22981653 PMCID: PMC3496056 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of membrane estrogenic signaling mechanisms and their interactions that regulate physiology and behavior has grown rapidly over the past three decades. The discovery of novel membrane estrogen receptors and their signaling mechanisms has started to reveal the complex timing and interactions of these various signaling mechanisms with classical genomic steroid actions within the nervous system to regulate physiology and behavior. The activation of the various estrogenic signaling mechanisms is site specific and differs across the estrous cycle acting through both classical genomic mechanisms and rapid membrane-initiated signaling to coordinate reproductive behavior and physiology. This review focuses on our current understanding of estrogenic signaling mechanisms to promote: (1) sexual receptivity within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, (2) estrogen positive feedback that stimulates de novo neuroprogesterone synthesis to trigger the luteinizing hormone surge important for ovulation and estrous cyclicity, and (3) alterations in energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sinchak
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840-9502, United States.
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Kellert BA, Nguyen MC, Nguyen C, Nguyen QH, Wagner EJ. Estrogen rapidly attenuates cannabinoid-induced changes in energy homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 622:15-24. [PMID: 19758570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether estrogen negatively modulates cannabinoid-induced regulation of food intake, core body temperature and neurotransmission at proopiomelanocortin (POMC) synapses. Food intake was evaluated in ovariectomized female guinea pigs abdominally implanted with thermal DataLoggers and treated s.c. with the cannabinoid CB(1)/CB(2) receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2, the CB(1) receptor antagonist AM251 or their cremephor/ethanol/0.9% saline vehicle, and with estradiol benzoate (EB) or its sesame oil vehicle. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed in slices through the arcuate nucleus. WIN 55,212-2 produced dose- and time-dependent increases in food intake. EB decreased food intake 8-24h after administration, but rapidly and completely blocked the increase in consumption caused by WIN 55,212-2. EB also attenuated the WIN 55,212-2-induced decrease in core body temperature. The AM251-induced decrease in food intake was unaffected. The diminution of the WIN 55,212-2-induced increase in food intake caused by EB correlated with a marked attenuation of cannabinoid receptor-mediated decreases in glutamatergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency occurring within 10-15min of steroid application. Furthermore, EB completely blocked the depolarizing shift in the inactivation curve for the A-type K(+) current caused by WIN 55,212-2. The EB-mediated, physiologic antagonism of these presynaptic and postsynaptic actions elicited upon cannabinoid receptor activation was observed in arcuate neurons immunopositive for phenotypic markers of POMC neurons. These data reveal that estrogens negatively modulate cannabinoid-induced changes in appetite, body temperature and POMC neuronal activity. They also impart insight into the neuroanatomical substrates and effector systems upon which these counter-regulatory factors converge in the control of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Kellert
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of OsteopathicMedicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Irwin RW, Yao J, Hamilton RT, Cadenas E, Brinton RD, Nilsen J. Progesterone and estrogen regulate oxidative metabolism in brain mitochondria. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3167-75. [PMID: 18292191 PMCID: PMC2408802 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ovarian hormones progesterone and estrogen have well-established neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects supporting both reproductive function and cognitive health. More recently, it has been recognized that these steroids also regulate metabolic functions sustaining the energetic demands of this neuronal activation. Underlying this metabolic control is an interpretation of signals from diverse environmental sources integrated by receptor-mediated responses converging upon mitochondrial function. In this study, to determine the effects of progesterone (P4) and 17beta-estradiol (E2) on metabolic control via mitochondrial function, ovariectomized rats were treated with P4, E2, or E2 plus P4, and whole-brain mitochondria were isolated for functional assessment. Brain mitochondria from hormone-treated rats displayed enhanced functional efficiency and increased metabolic rates. The hormone-treated mitochondria exhibited increased respiratory function coupled to increased expression and activity of the electron transport chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). This increased respiratory activity was coupled with a decreased rate of reactive oxygen leak and reduced lipid peroxidation representing a systematic enhancement of brain mitochondrial efficiency. As such, ovarian hormone replacement induces mitochondrial alterations in the central nervous system supporting efficient and balanced bioenergetics reducing oxidative stress and attenuating endogenous oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Irwin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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Fang JK, Prabu SK, Sepuri NB, Raza H, Anandatheerthavarada HK, Galati D, Spear J, Avadhani NG. Site specific phosphorylation of cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, IVi1 and Vb in rabbit hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1302-10. [PMID: 17349628 PMCID: PMC1995084 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have mapped the sites of ischemia/reperfusion-induced phosphorylation of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) subunits in rabbit hearts by using a combination of Blue Native gel/Tricine gel electrophoresis and nano-LC-MS/MS approaches. We used precursor ion scanning combined with neutral loss scanning and found that mature CcO subunit I was phosphorylated at tandem Ser115/Ser116 positions, subunit IVi1 at Thr52 and subunit Vb at Ser40. These sites are highly conserved in mammalian species. Molecular modeling suggests that phosphorylation sites of subunit I face the inter membrane space while those of subunits IVi1 and Vb face the matrix side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kang Fang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19104
| | - Subbuswamy K. Prabu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19104
| | - Naresh B. Sepuri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19104
| | - Haider Raza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19104
| | - Hindupur K. Anandatheerthavarada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19104
| | - Domenico Galati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19104
| | - Joseph Spear
- Laboratory of Physiology, The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19104
| | - Narayan G. Avadhani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.19104
- *Corresponding author: E-mail: ; Fax:215-573-6651; Phone: 215-898-8819 (Narayan G. Avadhani)
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Gui Y, Cai Z, Silha JV, Murphy LJ. Variations in parametrial white adipose tissue mass during the mouse estrous cycle: relationship with the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoic acid receptor-alpha. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:887-92. [PMID: 17111033 DOI: 10.1139/y06-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and progestin participate in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RXRalpha) are absolutely required for adipose tissue development. The present study is to investigate the changes in parametrial fat mass and expression of PPARgamma and RXRalpha during estrous cycle in mice. Parametrial white adipose tissues (WAT), inter-scapula brown adipose tissues, and uteri from female mice were weighed. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone levels. An RNase protection assay and Western blot analysis were used to compare the expression of PPARgamma and RXRalpha in adipose tissue. The mass of parametrial WAT in diestrus was significantly higher compared with estrus. However, there is no significant difference on the mass of brown adipose tissues during estrous cycle. The expression of PPARgamma in WAT in diestrus was significantly higher than that in estrus. The expression of RXRalpha during estrous cycle was unchanged in both white and brown adipose tissues. In conclusion, the variation in parametrial WAT mass during the mouse estrous cycle correlates with changes in the expression of PPARgamma in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoting Gui
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
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Felty Q, Roy D. Estrogen, mitochondria, and growth of cancer and non-cancer cells. J Carcinog 2005; 4:1. [PMID: 15651993 PMCID: PMC548143 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3163-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 01/15/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss estrogen actions on mitochondrial function and the possible implications on cell growth. Mitochondria are important targets of estrogen action. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of interaction between estrogen and mitochondria; and mitochondrial signaling to nucleus are pertinent to the development of new therapy strategies for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases related to mitochondrial disorders, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022 USA
| | - Deodutta Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022 USA
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