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Prisinzano M, Bernacchioni C, Seidita I, Rossi M, Raeispour M, Cencetti F, Vannuccini S, Fambrini M, Petraglia F, Bruni P, Donati C. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling axis mediates neuropeptide S-induced invasive phenotype of endometriotic cells. FEBS J 2024; 291:1744-1758. [PMID: 38287231 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological syndrome characterized by endometrial cell invasion of the extra-uterine milieu, pelvic pain and infertility. Treatment relies on either symptomatic drugs or hormonal therapies, even though the mechanism involved in the onset of endometriosis is yet to be elucidated. The signaling of sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is profoundly dysregulated in endometriosis. Indeed, sphingosine kinase (SK)1, one of the two isoenzymes responsible for S1P biosynthesis, and S1P1, S1P3 and S1P5, three of its five specific receptors, are more highly expressed in endometriotic lesions compared to healthy endometrium. Recently, missense coding variants of the gene encoding the receptor 1 for neuropeptide S (NPS) have been robustly associated with endometriosis in humans. This study aimed to characterize the biological effect of NPS in endometriotic epithelial cells and the possible involvement of the S1P signaling axis in its action. NPS was found to potently induce cell invasion and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Of note, the NPS-induced invasive phenotype was dependent on SK1 and SK2 as well as on S1P1 and S1P3, given that the biological action of the neuropeptide was fully prevented when one of the two biosynthetic enzymes or one of the two selective receptors was inhibited or silenced. Furthermore, the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, downstream to S1P receptor signaling, was found to be critically implicated in invasion and cytoskeletal remodeling elicited by NPS. These findings provide new information to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in endometriosis pathogenesis, establishing the rationale for non-hormonal therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Prisinzano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Isabelle Seidita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Margherita Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maryam Raeispour
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Vannuccini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fambrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
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2
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Zheng Z, Song Y. Integrated analysis of the voltage-gated potassium channel-associated gene KCNH2 across cancers. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:51. [PMID: 36792990 PMCID: PMC9933257 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
KCNH2 encodes the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel and is an important repolarization reserve for regulating cardiac electrical activity. Increasing evidence suggests that it is involved in the development of various tumours, yet a thorough analysis of the underlying process has not been performed. Here, we have comprehensively examined the role of KCNH2 in multiple cancers by assessing KCNH2 gene expression, diagnostic and prognostic value, genetic alterations, immune infiltration correlations, RNA modifications, mutations, clinical correlations, interacting proteins, and associated signalling pathways. KCNH2 is differentially expressed in over 30 cancers and has a high diagnostic value for 10 tumours. Survival analysis showed that high expression of KCNH2 was associated with a poor prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Mutations and RNA methylation modifications (especially m6A) of KCNH2 are associated with its expression in multiple tumours. KCNH2 expression is correlated with tumour mutation burden, microsatellite instability, neoantigen load, and mutant-allele tumour heterogeneity. In addition, KCNH2 expression is associated with the tumour immune microenvironment and its immunosuppressive phenotype. KEGG signalling pathway enrichment analysis revealed that KCNH2 and its interacting molecules are involved in a variety of pathways related to carcinogenesis and signal regulation, such as the PI3K/Akt and focal adhesion pathways. Overall, we found that KCNH2 and its interaction molecular are expected to be immune-related biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, and are potential regulatory targets of singalling pathways for tumour development due to their significant role in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Yongfei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, No. 378 Dongqing Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Facilitated to Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Asghar MY, Lassila T, Paatero I, Nguyen VD, Kronqvist P, Zhang J, Slita A, Löf C, Zhou Y, Rosenholm J, Törnquist K. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) knock down attenuates invasion and proliferation and enhances the expression of thyroid-specific proteins in human follicular thyroid cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5827-5846. [PMID: 34155535 PMCID: PMC8316191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the ORAI1 calcium channel mediate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and regulate a multitude of cellular functions. The identity and function of these proteins in thyroid cancer remain elusive. We show that STIM1 and ORAI1 expression is elevated in thyroid cancer cell lines, compared to primary thyroid cells. Knock-down of STIM1 or ORAI1 attenuated SOCE, reduced invasion, and the expression of promigratory sphingosine 1-phosphate and vascular endothelial growth factor-2 receptors in thyroid cancer ML-1 cells. Cell proliferation was attenuated in these knock-down cells due to increased G1 phase of the cell cycle and enhanced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory proteins p21 and p27. STIM1 protein was upregulated in thyroid cancer tissue, compared to normal tissue. Downregulation of STIM1 restored expression of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, thyroid specific proteins and increased iodine uptake. STIM1 knockdown ML-1 cells were more susceptible to chemotherapeutic drugs, and significantly reduced tumor growth in Zebrafish. Furthermore, STIM1-siRNA-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles attenuated invasion and proliferation of ML-1 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that STIM1 is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Asghar
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Taru Lassila
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Van Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jixi Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shizheng Road, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Anna Slita
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Christoffer Löf
- Research Centre for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jessica Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kid Törnquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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4
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Jiang W, Agrawal DK, Boosani CS. Non-coding RNAs as Epigenetic Gene Regulators in Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:133-148. [PMID: 32285409 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic gene regulations can be considered as de-novo initiation of abnormal molecular signaling events whose regulation is otherwise required during normal or specific developmental stages of the organisms. Primarily, three different mechanisms have been identified to participate in epigenetic gene regulations which include, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA species (microRNAs [miRNA], and long non-coding RNAs [LNC-RNA]) and histone modifications. These de-novo epigenetic mechanisms have been associated with altered normal cellular functions which eventually facilitate normal cells to transition into an abnormal phenotype. Among the three modes of regulation, RNA species which are usually considered to be less stable, can be speculated to initiate instant alterations in gene expression compared to DNA methylation or histone modifications. However, LNC-RNAs appear to be more stable in the cells than the other RNA species. Moreover, there is increasing literature which clearly suggests that a single specific LNC-RNA can regulate multiple mechanisms and disease phenotypes. With specific focus on cardiovascular diseases, here we attempt to provide UpToDate information on the functional role of miRNAs and LNC-RNAs. Here we discuss the role of these epigenetic mediators in different components of cardiovascular disease which include physiopathological heart development, athersclerosis, retenosis, diabetic hearts, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion, heart valve disease, aortic aneurysm, osteogenesis, angiogenesis and hypoxia in the heart. While there is abundant literature support that shows the involvement of many LNC-RNAs and miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, very few RNA species have been identified which regulate epigenetic mechanisms which is the current focus in this article. Understanding the role of these RNA species in regulating epigenetic mechanisms in different cell types causing cardiovascular disease, would advance the field and promote disease prevention approaches that are aimed to target epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Jiang
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Chandra Shekhar Boosani
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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5
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Pulli I, Asghar MY, Kemppainen K, Törnquist K. Sphingolipid-mediated calcium signaling and its pathological effects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1668-1677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Asghar MY, Kemppainen K, Lassila T, Törnquist K. Sphingosine 1-phosphate attenuates MMP2 and MMP9 in human anaplastic thyroid cancer C643 cells: Importance of S1P2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196992. [PMID: 29734379 PMCID: PMC5937745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In anaplastic thyroid cancer C643 cells, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) attenuates migration by activating the S1P2 receptor and the Rho-ROCK pathway. In the present study, we show that stimulating C643 cells with S1P decreases the expression, secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and to a lesser extent MMP9. Using receptor-specific antagonists, and S1P2 siRNA, we showed that the inhibition of expression of MMP2 is mediated through S1P2. Furthermore, S1P inhibited calpain activity, and inhibiting calpain pharmacologically, inhibited the effect of S1P on MMP2 expression and activity, and on MMP9 activity. S1P treatment increased Rho activity, and by incubating cells with the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase or the ROCK inhibitor Y27632, the S1P-induced inhibition of invasion and MMP2 expression and activity was abolished. We conclude that S1P attenuates the invasion of C643 cells by activating S1P2 and the Rho-ROCK pathway, by decreasing calpain activity, and by decreasing the expression, secretion and activity of MMP2 and, to a lesser extent, MMP9. Our results thus unveil a novel function for the S1P2 receptor in attenuating thyroid cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Asghar
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan, Turku, Finland
- The Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan, Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Lassila
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan, Turku, Finland
| | - Kid Törnquist
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan, Turku, Finland
- The Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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7
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Weth-Malsch D, Langeslag M, Beroukas D, Zangrandi L, Kastenberger I, Quarta S, Malsch P, Kalpachidou T, Schwarzer C, Proia RL, Haberberger RV, Kress M. Ablation of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Subtype 3 Impairs Hippocampal Neuron Excitability In vitro and Spatial Working Memory In vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:258. [PMID: 27872583 PMCID: PMC5097928 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of the bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) within the central nervous system has recently gained more and more attention, as it has been connected to major diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Even though much data about the functions of the five S1P receptors has been collected for other organ systems, we still lack a complete understanding for their specific roles, in particular within the brain. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to further elucidate the role of S1P receptor subtype 3 (S1P3) in vivo and in vitro with a special focus on the hippocampus. Using an S1P3 knock-out mouse model we applied a range of behavioral tests, performed expression studies, and whole cell patch clamp recordings in acute hippocampal slices. We were able to show that S1P3 deficient mice display a significant spatial working memory deficit within the T-maze test, but not in anxiety related tests. Furthermore, S1p3 mRNA was expressed throughout the hippocampal formation. Principal neurons in area CA3 lacking S1P3 showed significantly increased interspike intervals and a significantly decreased input resistance. Upon stimulation with S1P CA3 principal neurons from both wildtype and S1P3−/− mice displayed significantly increased evoked EPSC amplitudes and decay times, whereas rise times remained unchanged. These results suggest a specific involvement of S1P3 for the establishment of spatial working memory and neuronal excitability within the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weth-Malsch
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michiel Langeslag
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dimitra Beroukas
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luca Zangrandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris Kastenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Serena Quarta
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Malsch
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theodora Kalpachidou
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Schwarzer
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rainer V Haberberger
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michaela Kress
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Asghar MY, Magnusson M, Kemppainen K, Sukumaran P, Löf C, Pulli I, Kalhori V, Törnquist K. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 1 (TRPC1) Channels as Regulators of Sphingolipid and VEGF Receptor Expression: IMPLICATIONS FOR THYROID CANCER CELL MIGRATION AND PROLIFERATION. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16116-31. [PMID: 25971967 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The identity of calcium channels in the thyroid is unclear. In human follicular thyroid ML-1 cancer cells, sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), through S1P receptors 1 and 3 (S1P1/S1P3), and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) stimulates migration. We show that human thyroid cells express several forms of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, including TRPC1. In TRPC1 knockdown (TRPC1-KD) ML-1 cells, the basal and S1P-evoked invasion and migration was attenuated. Furthermore, the expression of S1P3 and VEGFR2 was significantly down-regulated. Transfecting wild-type ML-1 cells with a nonconducting TRPC1 mutant decreased S1P3 and VEGFR2 expression. In TRPC1-KD cells, receptor-operated calcium entry was decreased. To investigate whether the decreased receptor expression was due to attenuated calcium entry, cells were incubated with the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). In these cells, and in cells where calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent kinase were blocked pharmacologically, S1P3 and VEGFR2 expression was decreased. In TRPC1-KD cells, both hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression and the secretion and activity of MMP2 and MMP9 were attenuated, and proliferation was decreased in TRPC1-KD cells. This was due to a prolonged G1 phase of the cell cycle, a significant increase in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, and a decrease in the expression of cyclin D2, cyclin D3, and CDK6. Transfecting TRPC1 to TRPC1-KD cells rescued receptor expression, migration, and proliferation. Thus, the expression of S1P3 and VEGFR2 is mediated by a calcium-dependent mechanism. TRPC1 has a crucial role in this process. This regulation is important for the invasion, migration, and proliferation of thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Magnusson
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58201
| | - Christoffer Löf
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland, and
| | - Ilari Pulli
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veronica Kalhori
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland, the Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00270 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kid Törnquist
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland, the Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00270 Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Hyder CL, Kemppainen K, Isoniemi KO, Imanishi SY, Goto H, Inagaki M, Fazeli E, Eriksson JE, Törnquist K. Sphingolipids inhibit vimentin-dependent cell migration. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2057-69. [PMID: 25908861 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.160341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), can induce or inhibit cellular migration. The intermediate filament protein vimentin is an inducer of migration and a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Given that keratin intermediate filaments are regulated by SPC, with consequences for cell motility, we wanted to determine whether vimentin is also regulated by sphingolipid signalling and whether it is a determinant for sphingolipid-mediated functions. In cancer cells where S1P and SPC inhibited migration, we observed that S1P and SPC induced phosphorylation of vimentin on S71, leading to a corresponding reorganization of vimentin filaments. These effects were sphingolipid-signalling-dependent, because inhibition of either the S1P2 receptor (also known as S1PR2) or its downstream effector Rho-associated kinase (ROCK, for which there are two isoforms ROCK1 and ROCK2) nullified the sphingolipid-induced effects on vimentin organization and S71 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the anti-migratory effect of S1P and SPC could be prevented by expressing S71-phosphorylation-deficient vimentin. In addition, we demonstrated, by using wild-type and vimentin-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, that the sphingolipid-mediated inhibition of migration is dependent on vimentin. These results imply that this newly discovered sphingolipid-vimentin signalling axis exerts brake-and-throttle functions in the regulation of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Hyder
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, POB 123, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kimmo O Isoniemi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, POB 123, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, POB 123, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland Environmental Science Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku. Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Goto
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Kanokoden, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan Department of Cellular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Kanokoden, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan Department of Cellular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Elnaz Fazeli
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - John E Eriksson
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, POB 123, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kid Törnquist
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Involvement of potassium channels in the progression of cancer to a more malignant phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2477-92. [PMID: 25517985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels are a diverse group of pore-forming transmembrane proteins that selectively facilitate potassium flow through an electrochemical gradient. They participate in the control of the membrane potential and cell excitability in addition to different cell functions such as cell volume regulation, proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis as well as apoptosis. Because these physiological processes are essential for the correct cell function, K+ channels have been associated with a growing number of diseases including cancer. In fact, different K+ channel families such as the voltage-gated K+ channels, the ether à-go-go K+ channels, the two pore domain K+ channels and the Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been associated to tumor biology. Potassium channels have a role in neoplastic cell-cycle progression and their expression has been found abnormal in many types of tumors and cancer cells. In addition, the expression and activity of specific K+ channels have shown a significant correlation with the tumor malignancy grade. The aim of this overview is to summarize published data on K+ channels that exhibit oncogenic properties and have been linked to a more malignant cancer phenotype. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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11
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Abstract
Potassium channels are transmembrane proteins that selectively facilitate the flow of potassium ions down an electrochemical gradient. These molecules have been studied in great detail in the context of cell excitability, but their roles in less cell type-specific functions, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis or cell migration, have only recently been assessed. Moreover, the importance of these channels for tumour biology has become evident. This, coupled with the fact that they are accessible proteins and that their pharmacology is well characterized, has increased the interest in investigating potassium channels as therapeutic targets in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Walter Stühmer
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate and cancer: lessons from thyroid cancer cells. Biomolecules 2013; 3:303-15. [PMID: 24970169 PMCID: PMC4030848 DOI: 10.3390/biom3020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin is found in the cell membrane of all eukaryotic cells, and was for a long time considered merely as a structural component. However, during the last two decades, metabolites of sphingomyelin, especially sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), have proven to be physiologically significant regulators of cell function. Through its five different G protein-coupled receptors, S1P regulates a wide array of cellular processes, ranging from stimulating cellular proliferation and migration, to the inhibition of apoptosis and induction of angiogenesis and modulation of cellular calcium homeostasis. Many of the processes regulated by S1P are important for normal cell physiology, but may also induce severe pathological conditions, especially in malignancies like cancer. Thus, understanding S1P signaling mechanisms has been the aim of a multitude of investigations. Great interest has also been shown in understanding the action of sphingosine kinase (SphK), i.e., the kinase phosphorylating sphingosine to S1P, and the interactions between S1P and growth factor signaling. In the present review, we will discuss recent findings regarding the possible importance of S1P and SphK in the etiology of thyroid cancer. Although clinical data is still scarce, our in vitro findings suggest that S1P may function as a “double-edged sword”, as the receptor profile of thyroid cancer cells largely determines whether S1P stimulates or blocks cellular migration. We will also discuss the interactions between S1P- and VEGF-evoked signaling, and the importance of a S1P1-VEGF receptor 2 complex in thyroid cancer cells.
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