1
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Genotoxic Risks to Male Reproductive Health from Radiofrequency Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040594. [PMID: 36831261 PMCID: PMC9954667 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During modern era, mobile phones, televisions, microwaves, radio, and wireless devices, etc., have become an integral part of our daily lifestyle. All these technologies employ radiofrequency (RF) waves and everyone is exposed to them, since they are widespread in the environment. The increasing risk of male infertility is a growing concern to the human population. Excessive and long-term exposure to non-ionizing radiation may cause genetic health effects on the male reproductive system which could be a primitive factor to induce cancer risk. With respect to the concerned aspect, many possible RFR induced genotoxic studies have been reported; however, reports are very contradictory and showed the possible effect on humans and animals. Thus, the present review is focusing on the genomic impact of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) underlying the male infertility issue. In this review, both in vitro and in vivo studies have been incorporated explaining the role of RFR on the male reproductive system. It includes RFR induced-DNA damage, micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, SCE generation, etc. In addition, attention has also been paid to the ROS generation after radiofrequency radiation exposure showing a rise in oxidative stress, base adduct formation, sperm head DNA damage, or cross-linking problems between DNA & protein.
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2
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Guan X, Chen P, Ji M, Wen X, Chen D, Zhao X, Huang F, Wang J, Shao J, Xie J, Zhao X, Chen F, Tian J, Lin H, Zirkin BR, Duan P, Su Z, Chen H. Identification of Rat Testicular Leydig Precursor Cells by Single-Cell-RNA-Sequence Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:805249. [PMID: 35242757 PMCID: PMC8887666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.805249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem Leydig cells (SLCs) play a critical role in the development and maintenance of the adult Leydig cell (ALC) population. SLCs also are present in the adult testis. Their identification, characteristics, and regulation in the adult testis remain uncertain. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we found that the mesenchymal stromal population may be involved in ALC regeneration. Upon ALC elimination, a fraction of stromal cells begins to proliferate while a different fraction begins to differentiate to ALCs. Transcriptomic analysis identified five stromal clusters that can be classified into two major groups representing proliferation and differentiation populations. The proliferating group represents stem cells expressing high levels of CD90, Nes, Lum, Fn and Gap43. The differentiating group represents a progenitor stage that is ready to form ALCs, and specifically expresses Vtn, Rasl11a, Id1 and Egr2. The observation that the actively dividing cells after ALC loss were not those that formed ALCs suggests that stem cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated separately, and that the maintenance of the stromal stem cell pool occurs at the population level. The study also identified specific markers for the major interstitial cell groups and potential paracrine factors involved in the regulation of SLCs. Our data suggest a new theory about SLC identity, proliferation, differentiation, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minpeng Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiexia Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Barry R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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3
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Sararols P, Stévant I, Neirijnck Y, Rebourcet D, Darbey A, Curley MK, Kühne F, Dermitzakis E, Smith LB, Nef S. Specific Transcriptomic Signatures and Dual Regulation of Steroidogenesis Between Fetal and Adult Mouse Leydig Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695546. [PMID: 34262907 PMCID: PMC8273516 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells (LC) are the main testicular androgen-producing cells. In eutherian mammals, two types of LCs emerge successively during testicular development, fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) and adult Leydig cells (ALCs). Both display significant differences in androgen production and regulation. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we compared the transcriptomes of both LC populations to characterize their specific transcriptional and functional features. Despite similar transcriptomic profiles, a quarter of the genes show significant variations in expression between FLCs and ALCs. Non-transcriptional events, such as alternative splicing was also observed, including a high rate of intron retention in FLCs compared to ALCs. The use of single-cell RNA sequencing data also allowed the identification of nine FLC-specific genes and 50 ALC-specific genes. Expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone 1 (Crhr1) receptor and the ACTH receptor melanocortin type 2 receptor (Mc2r) specifically in FLCs suggests a dual regulation of steroidogenesis. The androstenedione synthesis by FLCs is stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH), corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) whereas the testosterone synthesis by ALCs is dependent exclusively on LH. Overall, our study provides a useful database to explore LC development and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Sararols
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Stévant
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yasmine Neirijnck
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Annalucia Darbey
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael K Curley
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Françoise Kühne
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lee B Smith
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Negi P, Singh R. Association between reproductive health and nonionizing radiation exposure. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:92-102. [PMID: 33471575 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1874973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a decreasing rate of fertility has to be credited to an array of factors such as environmental, health and lifestyle. Male infertility is likely to be affected by the strong exposure to heat and radiations. The most common sources of nonionizing radiations are cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens, which may participate to the cause of male infertility. One of the major sources of daily exposure to non-ionizing radiation is mobile phones. A mobile phone is now basically dominating our daily life through better services such as connectivity, smartphone devices. However, the health consequences are linked with their usage are frequently ignored. Constant exposure to non-ionizing radiations produced from a cell phone is one of the possible reasons for growing male infertility. Recently, several studies have shown that cell phone users have altered sperm parameters causing declining reproductive health. Cell phone radiation harms male fertility by affecting the different parameters like sperm motility, sperm count, sperm morphology, semen concentration, morphometric abnormalities, increased oxidative stress along with some hormonal changes. This review is focusing on the prevailing literature from in vitro and in vivo studies suggesting that non-ionizing exposure negatively affects human male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Negi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi , Ashok Vihar, Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi , Ashok Vihar, Delhi, India
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5
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Hao X, Guan X, Zhao X, Ji M, Wen X, Chen P, Chen F, Yang J, Lian Q, Ye L, Chen H. Phthalate inhibits Leydig cell differentiation and promotes adipocyte differentiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127855. [PMID: 32799149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that phthalates are capable of affecting the development and functions of male reproductive system. The effect of phthalates on Leydig cell functions is well documented. However, little is known about their potential effects on the functions of stem Leydig cells (SLC). In the present study, we have examined the effects of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on SLC functions in vitro by culturing seminiferous tubules and isolated SLCs. The results indicate that MEHP can significantly inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of SLCs in both the organ and cell culture systems. Interestingly, the minimal effective concentration that is able to affect SLC function was lower in the tubule culture system (1 μM) than in the isolated cells (10 μM), suggesting a possible involvement of the niche cells. Also, MEHP appeared to affect both the efficiency of SLCs to form Leydig cells and a selected group of Leydig cell-specific genes, including Lhcgr, Scarb1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, Star, Srd5a1, Akr1c14, Insl3, Hao2 and Pah. Since SLCs are multipotent, we also tested the effect of MEHP on the differentiation of SLCs to adipocytes. Though MEHP by itself can not specify SLCs into adipocyte lineage, it indeed significantly increased the adipogenic activity of SLCs if used with an adipocyte inducing medium by up-regulation of multiple adipogenic-related genes, including Pparg and Cebpa. Overall, the results indicate that MEHP inhibits SLCs differentiating into Leydig lineage while stimulates the differentiating potential of SLCs to adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoju Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Minpeng Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fenfen Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jianying Yang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Leping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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6
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Cui Y, Chen R, Ma L, Yang W, Chen M, Zhang Y, Yu S, Dong W, Zeng W, Lan X, Pan C. miR-205 Expression Elevated With EDS Treatment and Induced Leydig Cell Apoptosis by Targeting RAP2B via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:448. [PMID: 32596241 PMCID: PMC7300349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult Leydig cells (ALCs), originated from stem Leydig cells (SLCs), can secrete testosterone which is essential for germ cell development and sexual behavior maintenance. As a synthetic compound, ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS), a well-known alkylating agent, has been reported to specifically ablate ALCs. In this study, EDS was verified to ablate differentiated pig LCs by experiments. Subsequently, the primary isolated pig LCs (containing SLCs and differentiated LCs) and EDS-treated LCs (almost exclusively SLCs) were collected for RNA-seq 4,904 genes and 15 miRNAs were differently expressed between the two groups. Down-regulated genes in the EDS-treated group were mainly related to steroid hormone biosynthesis. The highest up-regulation miRNAs was miR-205 after EDS treatment. Additionally, miR-205 was expressed more highly in pig SLCs clones compared with differentiated LCs. Through qRT-PCR, western blot (WB), TUNEL, EDU and flow cytometry, miR-205 was found to induce cell apoptosis, but did not affect proliferation or differentiation in both TM3 and GC-1spg mouse cell lines. Through luciferase reporter assays and WB, RAP2B was identified as a target gene of miR-205. Besides, overexpression of miR-205 inhibited the expressions of PI3K, Akt and p-AKT. All these findings were helpful for elucidating the regulation mechanism in pig LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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7
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Ren X, Wang S, Zhang C, Hu X, Zhou L, Li Y, Xu L. Selenium ameliorates cadmium-induced mouse leydig TM3 cell apoptosis via inhibiting the ROS/JNK /c-jun signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110266. [PMID: 32058163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-known acknowledgement of both the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and the ameliorative effect of selenium (Se), the mechanism of the protective effect of selenium on cadmium-induced Mouse Leydig (TM3) cell apoptosis remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is involved in anti-apoptosis of selenium against cadmium in TM3 cells. We found that exposure to cadmium caused evident cytotoxicity, in which cell viability was inhibited, followed by inducement of apoptosis. Moreover, the level of ROS generation was elevated, leading to the phosphorylation of JNK. In addition, following cadmium exposure, the nuclear transcription factor c-jun was significantly activated, which led to increased expression of downstream gene c-jun, resulting in downstream activation of the apoptosis-related protein Caspase3 and upregulation of Cleaved-PARP, as well as inhibition of the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. However, pretreatment with selenium remarkably suppressed cadmium-induced TM3 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the level of ROS declined, and the JNK signaling pathway was blocked. Following this, the gene expression of c-jun decreased while Bcl-2 increased, which was consistent with the effects on proteins, that Caspase3 activity and Cleaved-PARP were inhibited while Bcl-2 level was restored. In order to explain the relationship between molecules of the signaling pathway, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), the ROS inhibitor, and JNK1/2 siRNA were administered, which further indicated the mediatory role of the ROS/JNK/c-jun signaling pathway in regulating anti-apoptosis of selenium against cadmium-induced TM3 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Ren
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Susu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chaoqin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xindi Hu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Lichun Xu
- Department of Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, China
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8
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Wang S, Ren X, Hu X, Zhou L, Zhang C, Zhang M. Cadmium-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress and the JNK signaling pathway in TM3 cells, a model of mouse Leydig cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 368:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Research update and opportunity of non-hormonal male contraception: Histone demethylase KDM5B-based targeting. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Xing JS, Bai ZM. Is testicular dysgenesis syndrome a genetic, endocrine, or environmental disease, or an unexplained reproductive disorder? Life Sci 2018; 194:120-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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1950MHz Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Inhibits Testosterone Secretion of Mouse Leydig Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:ijerph15010017. [PMID: 29295490 PMCID: PMC5800117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More studies that are focused on the bioeffects of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation that is generated from the communication devices, but there were few reports with confirmed results about the bioeffects of RF radiation on reproductive cells. To explore the effects of 1950 MHz RF electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on mouse Leydig (TM3) cells. TM3 cells were irradiated or sham-irradiated continuously for 24 h by the specific absorption rate (SAR) 3 W/kg radiation. At 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after irradiation, cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method, cell cycle distribution, percentage of apoptosis, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by flow cytometry, Testosterone level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression level of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450scc in TM3 cells was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After being irradiated for 24 h, cell proliferation obviously decreased and cell cycle distribution, secretion capacity of Testosterone, and P450scc mRNA level were reduced. While cell apoptosis, ROS, and StAR mRNA level did not change significantly. The current results indicated that 24 h of exposure at 1950 MHz 3 W/kg radiation could cause some adverse effects on TM3 cells proliferation and Testosterone secretion, further studies about the biological effects in the reproductive system that are induced by RF radiation are also needed.
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12
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Soffientini U, Rebourcet D, Abel MH, Lee S, Hamilton G, Fowler PA, Smith LB, O'Shaughnessy PJ. Identification of Sertoli cell-specific transcripts in the mouse testis and the role of FSH and androgen in the control of Sertoli cell activity. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:972. [PMID: 29246116 PMCID: PMC5731206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Sertoli cells act to induce testis differentiation and subsequent development in fetal and post-natal life which makes them key to an understanding of testis biology. As a major step towards characterisation of factors involved in Sertoli cell function we have identified Sertoli cell-specific transcripts in the mouse testis and have used the data to identify Sertoli cell-specific transcripts altered in mice lacking follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHRKO) and/or androgen receptors (AR) in the Sertoli cells (SCARKO). Results Adult iDTR mice were injected with busulfan to ablate the germ cells and 50 days later they were treated with diphtheria toxin (DTX) to ablate the Sertoli cells. RNAseq carried out on testes from control, busulfan-treated and busulfan + DTX-treated mice identified 701 Sertoli-specific transcripts and 4302 germ cell-specific transcripts. This data was mapped against results from microarrays using testicular mRNA from 20 day-old FSHRKO, SCARKO and FSHRKO.SCARKO mice. Results show that of the 534 Sertoli cell-specific transcripts present on the gene chips, 85% were altered in the FSHRKO mice and 94% in the SCARKO mice (mostly reduced in both cases). In the FSHRKO.SCARKO mice additive or synergistic effects were seen for most transcripts. Age-dependent studies on a selected number of Sertoli cell-specific transcripts, showed that the marked effects in the FSHRKO at 20 days had largely disappeared by adulthood although synergistic effects of FSHR and AR knockout were seen. Conclusions These studies have identified the Sertoli cell-specific transcriptome in the mouse testis and have shown that most genes in the transcriptome are FSH- and androgen-dependent at puberty although the importance of FSH diminishes towards adulthood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4357-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Soffientini
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rebourcet
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - M H Abel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clarke Building, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - S Lee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clarke Building, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - G Hamilton
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - P A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - L B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, 2308, Australia
| | - P J O'Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.
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13
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He X, Wu J, Yuan L, Lin F, Yi J, Li J, Yuan H, Shi J, Yuan T, Zhang S, Fan Y, Zhao Z. Lead induces apoptosis in mouse TM3 Leydig cells through the Fas/FasL death receptor pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:99-105. [PMID: 28889079 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the effect of Pb toxicity on mouse Leydig cells and its molecular mechanism. The TM3 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to Pb at different concentrations for 24h. The effects of Pb on cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed with MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI via flow cytometry, respectively. Expression levels of Fas, Fas-L and caspase-8 in TM3 cells were determined by western blot. As well as the inhibitory effect of the caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK on cell apoptosis. We found that Pb treatment significantly decreased the cellar viability (P<0.05), increased the apoptosis (P<0.01) and the Fas, FasL, and caspase-8 expression levels in Pb-treated cells as compared to the control cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, the caspase-8 inhibitor effectively block the Pb-induced cell apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that Pb-induced TM3 cell toxic effect may involve in the Fas/FasL death receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Liyun Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
| | - Jine Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jinling Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yongheng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Zhihang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
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14
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Penny GM, Cochran RB, Pihlajoki M, Kyrönlahti A, Schrade A, Häkkinen M, Toppari J, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Probing GATA factor function in mouse Leydig cells via testicular injection of adenoviral vectors. Reproduction 2017; 154:455-467. [PMID: 28710293 PMCID: PMC5589507 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Testicular Leydig cells produce androgens essential for proper male reproductive development and fertility. Here, we describe a new Leydig cell ablation model based on Cre/Lox recombination of mouse Gata4 and Gata6, two genes implicated in the transcriptional regulation of steroidogenesis. The testicular interstitium of adult Gata4flox/flox ; Gata6flox/flox mice was injected with adenoviral vectors encoding Cre + GFP (Ad-Cre-IRES-GFP) or GFP alone (Ad-GFP). The vectors efficiently and selectively transduced Leydig cells, as evidenced by GFP reporter expression. Three days after Ad-Cre-IRES-GFP injection, expression of androgen biosynthetic genes (Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1 and Hsd17b3) was reduced, whereas expression of another Leydig cell marker, Insl3, was unchanged. Six days after Ad-Cre-IRES-GFP treatment, the testicular interstitium was devoid of Leydig cells, and there was a concomitant loss of all Leydig cell markers. Chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, mitochondrial swelling, and other ultrastructural changes were evident in the degenerating Leydig cells. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated reduced levels of androstenedione and testosterone in testes from mice injected with Ad-Cre-IRES-GFP. Late effects of treatment included testicular atrophy, infertility and the accumulation of lymphoid cells in the testicular interstitium. We conclude that adenoviral-mediated gene delivery is an expeditious way to probe Leydig cell function in vivo Our findings reinforce the notion that GATA factors are key regulators of steroidogenesis and testicular somatic cell survival.Free Finnish abstract: A Finnish translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/154/4/455/suppl/DC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervette M Penny
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca B Cochran
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Children's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Kyrönlahti
- Children's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Schrade
- Children's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Häkkinen
- University of Eastern FinlandSchool of Pharmacy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Turku and Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Children's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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15
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Stanton PG, Foo CFH, Rainczuk A, Stephens AN, Condina M, O'Donnell L, Weidner W, Ishikawa T, Cruickshanks L, Smith LB, McLachlan RI. Mapping the testicular interstitial fluid proteome from normal rats. Proteomics 2016; 16:2391-402. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Stanton
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Caroline F. H. Foo
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Epworth Research Institute; Epworth Healthcare; Richmond Victoria Australia
| | | | - Liza O'Donnell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weidner
- Department of Urology; Paediatric Urology and Andrology; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | | | - Lyndsey Cruickshanks
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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16
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Augmented expression of gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5) impairs testicular steroidogenesis by deregulating local oxidative stress. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:467-481. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Smith LB, O'Shaughnessy PJ, Rebourcet D. Cell-specific ablation in the testis: what have we learned? Andrology 2015; 3:1035-49. [PMID: 26446427 PMCID: PMC4950036 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Testicular development and function is the culmination of a complex process of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine interactions between multiple cell types. Dissecting this has classically involved the use of systemic treatments to perturb endocrine function, or more recently, transgenic models to knockout individual genes. However, targeting genes one at a time does not capture the more wide‐ranging role of each cell type in its entirety. An often overlooked, but extremely powerful approach to elucidate cellular function is the use of cell ablation strategies, specifically removing one cellular population and examining the resultant impacts on development and function. Cell ablation studies reveal a more holistic overview of cell–cell interactions. This not only identifies important roles for the ablated cell type, which warrant further downstream study, but also, and importantly, reveals functions within the tissue that occur completely independently of the ablated cell type. To date, cell ablation studies in the testis have specifically removed germ cells, Leydig cells, macrophages and recently Sertoli cells. These studies have provided great leaps in understanding not possible via other approaches; as such, cell ablation represents an essential component in the researchers’ tool‐kit, and should be viewed as a complement to the more mainstream approaches to advancing our understanding of testis biology. In this review, we summarise the cell ablation models used in the testis, and discuss what each of these have taught us about testis development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P J O'Shaughnessy
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rebourcet
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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