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Kushwaha S, Mallik B, Bisht A, Mushtaq Z, Pippadpally S, Chandra N, Das S, Ratnaparkhi G, Kumar V. dAsap regulates cellular protrusions via an Arf6-dependent actin regulatory pathway in S2R+ cells. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38862211 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Membrane protrusions are fundamental to cellular functions like migration, adhesion, and communication and depend upon dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton. GAP-dependent GTP hydrolysis of Arf proteins regulates actin-dependent membrane remodeling. Here, we show that dAsap regulates membrane protrusions in S2R+ cells by a mechanism that critically relies on its ArfGAP domain and relocalization of actin regulators, SCAR, and Ena. While our data reinforce the preference of dAsap for Arf1 GTP hydrolysis in vitro, we demonstrate that induction of membrane protrusions in S2R+ cells depends on Arf6 inactivation. This study furthers our understanding of how dAsap-dependent GTP hydrolysis maintains a balance between active and inactive states of Arf6 to regulate cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kushwaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, India
| | - Bhagaban Mallik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, India
| | - Anjali Bisht
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, India
| | - Zeeshan Mushtaq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, India
| | - Srikanth Pippadpally
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, India
| | - Nitika Chandra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, India
| | - Subhradip Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, India
| | - Girish Ratnaparkhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, India
| | - Vimlesh Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, India
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Desai M, Hemant, Deo A, Naik J, Dhamale P, Kshirsagar A, Bose T, Majumdar A. Mrj is a chaperone of the Hsp40 family that regulates Orb2 oligomerization and long-term memory in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002585. [PMID: 38648719 PMCID: PMC11034981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Orb2 the Drosophila homolog of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) protein forms prion-like oligomers. These oligomers consist of Orb2A and Orb2B isoforms and their formation is dependent on the oligomerization of the Orb2A isoform. Drosophila with a mutation diminishing Orb2A's prion-like oligomerization forms long-term memory but fails to maintain it over time. Since this prion-like oligomerization of Orb2A plays a crucial role in the maintenance of memory, here, we aim to find what regulates this oligomerization. In an immunoprecipitation-based screen, we identify interactors of Orb2A in the Hsp40 and Hsp70 families of proteins. Among these, we find an Hsp40 family protein Mrj as a regulator of the conversion of Orb2A to its prion-like form. Mrj interacts with Hsp70 proteins and acts as a chaperone by interfering with the aggregation of pathogenic Huntingtin. Unlike its mammalian homolog, we find Drosophila Mrj is neither an essential gene nor causes any gross neurodevelopmental defect. We observe a loss of Mrj results in a reduction in Orb2 oligomers. Further, Mrj knockout exhibits a deficit in long-term memory and our observations suggest Mrj is needed in mushroom body neurons for the regulation of long-term memory. Our work implicates a chaperone Mrj in mechanisms of memory regulation through controlling the oligomerization of Orb2A and its association with the translating ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghal Desai
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Hemant
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Ankita Deo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Jagyanseni Naik
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Prathamesh Dhamale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Avinash Kshirsagar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Tania Bose
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Amitabha Majumdar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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Olufs ZPG, Wassarman DA, Perouansky M. Stress Pathways Induced by Volatile Anesthetics and Failure of Preconditioning in a Mitochondrial Complex I Mutant. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:463-482. [PMID: 38118175 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carriers of mutations in the mitochondrial electron transport chain are at increased risk of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. To investigate the neurotoxicity mechanism and to test preconditioning as a protective strategy, this study used a Drosophila melanogaster model of Leigh syndrome. Model flies carried a mutation in ND23 (ND2360114) that encodes a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I subunit. This study investigated why ND2360114 mutants become susceptible to lethal, oxygen-modulated neurotoxicity within 24 h of exposure to isoflurane but not sevoflurane. METHODS This study used transcriptomics and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to identify genes that are differentially expressed in ND2360114 but not wild-type fly heads at 30 min after exposure to high- versus low-toxicity conditions. This study also subjected ND2360114 flies to diverse stressors before isoflurane exposure to test whether isoflurane toxicity could be diminished by preconditioning. RESULTS The ND2360114 mutation had a greater effect on isoflurane- than sevoflurane-mediated changes in gene expression. Isoflurane and sevoflurane did not affect expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) genes (Hsp22, Hsp27, and Hsp68) in wild-type flies, but isoflurane substantially increased expression of these genes in ND2360114 mutant flies. Furthermore, isoflurane and sevoflurane induced expression of oxidative (GstD1 and GstD2) and xenobiotic (Cyp6a8 and Cyp6a14) stress genes to a similar extent in wild-type flies, but the effect of isoflurane was largely reduced in ND2360114 flies. In addition, activating stress response pathways by pre-exposure to anesthetics, heat shock, hyperoxia, hypoxia, or oxidative stress did not suppress isoflurane-induced toxicity in ND2360114 mutant flies. CONCLUSIONS Mutation of a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I subunit generates differential effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on gene expression that may underlie their differential effects on neurotoxicity. Additionally, the mutation produces resistance to preconditioning by stresses that protect the brain in other contexts. Therefore, complex I activity modifies molecular and physiologic effects of anesthetics in an anesthetic-specific manner. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah P G Olufs
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David A Wassarman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Misha Perouansky
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Xu Y, Ma L, Liu S, Liang Y, Liu Q, He Z, Tian L, Duan Y, Cai W, Li H, Song F. Chromosome-level genome of the poultry shaft louse Menopon gallinae provides insight into the host-switching and adaptive evolution of parasitic lice. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae004. [PMID: 38372702 PMCID: PMC10904027 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera) are one important group of parasites that infects birds and mammals. It is believed that the ancestor of parasitic lice originated on the ancient avian host, and ancient mammals acquired these parasites via host-switching from birds. Here we present the first chromosome-level genome of Menopon gallinae in Amblycera (earliest diverging lineage of parasitic lice). We explore the transition of louse host-switching from birds to mammals at the genomic level by identifying numerous idiosyncratic genomic variations. RESULTS The assembled genome is 155 Mb in length, with a contig N50 of 27.42 Mb. Hi-C scaffolding assigned 97% of the bases to 5 chromosomes. The genome of M. gallinae retains a basal insect repertoire of 11,950 protein-coding genes. By comparing the genomes of lice to those of multiple representative insects in other orders, we discovered that gene families of digestion, detoxification, and immunity-related are generally conserved between bird lice and mammal lice, while mammal lice have undergone a significant reduction in genes related to chemosensory systems and temperature. This suggests that mammal lice have lost some of these genes through the adaption to environment and temperatures after host-switching. Furthermore, 7 genes related to hematophagy were positively selected in mammal lice, suggesting their involvement in the hematophagous behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our high-quality genome of M. gallinae provides a valuable resource for comparative genomic research in Phthiraptera and facilitates further studies on adaptive evolution of host-switching within parasitic lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanxin Liang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhixin He
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuange Duan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Mallik B, Brusich DJ, Heyrman G, Frank CA. Precise mapping of one classic and three novel GluRIIA mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000784. [PMID: 37334199 PMCID: PMC10276266 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of the Drosophila melanogaster GluRIIA gene or pharmacological agents targeting it are commonly used to assess homeostatic synaptic function at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The commonly used mutation, GluRIIA SP16 , is a null allele created by a large and imprecise excision of a P-element which affects GluRIIA and multiple upstream genes. Here we mapped the exact bounds of the GluRIIA SP16 allele, refined a multiplex PCR strategy for positive identification of GluRIIA SP16 in homozygous or heterozygous backgrounds, and sequenced and characterized three new CRISPR-generated GluRIIA mutants. We found the three new GluRIIA alleles are apparent nulls that lack GluRIIA immunofluorescence signal at the 3 rd instar larval NMJ and are predicted to cause premature truncations at the genetic level. Further, these new mutants have similar electrophysiological outcomes as GluRIIA SP16 , including reduced miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential (mEPSP) amplitude and frequency compared to controls, and they express robust homeostatic compensation as evidenced by normal excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude and elevated quantal content. These findings and new tools extend the capacity of the D. melanogaster NMJ for assessment of synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Mallik
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Douglas J Brusich
- Human Biology Department, University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Georgette Heyrman
- Human Biology Department, University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
| | - C. Andrew Frank
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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6
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Liang C, Li L, Zhao H, Lan M, Tang Y, Zhang M, Qin D, Wu G, Gao X. Identification and expression analysis of heat shock protein family genes of gall fly (Procecidochares utilis) under temperature stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:303-320. [PMID: 37071342 PMCID: PMC10167091 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are molecular chaperones involved in many normal cellular processes and environmental stresses. At the genome-wide level, there were no reports on the diversity and phylogeny of the heat shock protein family in Procecidochares utilis. In this study, 43 HSPs were identified from the genome of P. utilis, including 12 small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), 23 heat shock protein 40 (DNAJs), 6 heat shock protein 70 (HSP70s), and 2 heat shock protein 90 (HSP90s). The characteristics of these candidates HSP genes were analyzed by BLAST, and then phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the spatiotemporal expression patterns of sHSPs and HSP70s in P. utilis after temperature stress. Results showed that most sHSPs could be induced under heat stress during the adult stage of P. utilis, while a few HSP70s could be induced at the larval stage. This study provides an information framework for the HSP family of P. utilis. Moreover, it lays an important foundation for a better understanding of the role of HSP in the adaptability of P. utilis to various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Lifang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Mingxian Lan
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Yongyu Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Deqiang Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Guoxing Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Xi Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
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Mallik B, Frank CA. Roles for Mitochondrial Complex I Subunits in Regulating Synaptic Transmission and Growth. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:846425. [PMID: 35557603 PMCID: PMC9087048 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.846425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify conserved components of synapse function that are also associated with human diseases, we conducted a genetic screen. We used the Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a model. We employed RNA interference (RNAi) on selected targets and assayed synapse function and plasticity by electrophysiology. We focused our screen on genetic factors known to be conserved from human neurological or muscle functions (300 Drosophila lines screened). From our screen, knockdown of a Mitochondrial Complex I (MCI) subunit gene (ND-20L) lowered levels of NMJ neurotransmission. Due to the severity of the phenotype, we studied MCI function further. Knockdown of core MCI subunits concurrently in neurons and muscle led to impaired neurotransmission. We localized this neurotransmission function to the muscle. Pharmacology targeting MCI phenocopied the impaired neurotransmission phenotype. Finally, MCI subunit knockdowns or pharmacological inhibition led to profound cytological defects, including reduced NMJ growth and altered NMJ morphology. Mitochondria are essential for cellular bioenergetics and produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Five multi-protein complexes achieve this task, and MCI is the largest. Impaired Mitochondrial Complex I subunits in humans are associated with disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Leigh syndrome, and cardiomyopathy. Together, our data present an analysis of Complex I in the context of synapse function and plasticity. We speculate that in the context of human MCI dysfunction, similar neuronal and synaptic defects could contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Mallik
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - C. Andrew Frank
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Carver College of Medicine and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: C. Andrew Frank,
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Thackray AM, Lam B, McNulty EE, Nalls AV, Mathiason CK, Magadi SS, Jackson WS, Andréoletti O, Marrero-Winkens C, Schätzl H, Bujdoso R. Clearance of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions in vivo by the Hsp70 disaggregase system. Brain 2022; 145:3236-3249. [PMID: 35446941 PMCID: PMC9473358 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metazoan Hsp70 disaggregase protects neurons from proteotoxicity that arises from the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. Hsp70 and its co-chaperones disassemble and extract polypeptides from protein aggregates for refolding or degradation. The effectiveness of the chaperone system decreases with age and leads to accumulation rather than removal of neurotoxic protein aggregates. Therapeutic enhancement of the Hsp70 protein disassembly machinery is proposed to counter late-onset protein misfolding neurodegenerative disease that may arise. In the context of prion disease, it is not known whether stimulation of protein aggregate disassembly paradoxically leads to enhanced formation of seeding competent species of disease-specific proteins and acceleration of neurodegenerative disease. Here we have tested the hypothesis that modulation of Hsp70 disaggregase activity perturbs mammalian prion-induced neurotoxicity and prion seeding activity. To do so we used prion protein (PrP) transgenic Drosophila that authentically replicate mammalian prions. RNASeq identified that Hsp70, DnaJ-1 and Hsp110 gene expression was downregulated in prion-exposed PrP Drosophila. We demonstrated that RNAi knockdown of Hsp110 or DnaJ-1 gene expression in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease prion-exposed human PrP Drosophila enhanced neurotoxicity, whereas overexpression mitigated toxicity. Strikingly, prion seeding activity in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease prion-exposed human PrP Drosophila was ablated or reduced by Hsp110 or DnaJ-1 overexpression, respectively. Similar effects were seen in scrapie prion-exposed ovine PrP Drosophila with modified Hsp110 or DnaJ-1 gene expression. These unique observations show that the metazoan Hsp70 disaggregase facilitates the clearance of mammalian prions and that its enhanced activity is a potential therapeutic strategy for human prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M Thackray
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Brian Lam
- Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Erin E McNulty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amy V Nalls
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Candace K Mathiason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Srivathsa Subramanya Magadi
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Walker S Jackson
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225 -Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Cristóbal Marrero-Winkens
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary TRW 2D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | - Hermann Schätzl
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary TRW 2D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | - Raymond Bujdoso
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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Leask M, Lovegrove M, Walker A, Duncan E, Dearden P. Evolution and genomic organization of the insect sHSP gene cluster and coordinate regulation in phenotypic plasticity. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:154. [PMID: 34348652 PMCID: PMC8336396 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conserved syntenic gene complexes are rare in Arthropods and likely only retained due to functional constraint. Numerous sHSPs have been identified in the genomes of insects, some of which are located clustered in close proximity. Previous phylogenetic analyses of these clustered sHSP have been limited to a small number of holometabolous insect species and have not determined the pattern of evolution of the clustered sHSP genes (sHSP-C) in insect or Arthropod lineages. Results Using eight genomes from representative insect orders and three non-insect arthropod genomes we have identified that a syntenic cluster of sHSPs (sHSP-C) is a hallmark of most Arthropod genomes. Using 11 genomes from Hymenopteran species our phylogenetic analyses have refined the evolution of the sHSP-C in Hymenoptera and found that the sHSP-C is order-specific with evidence of birth-and-death evolution in the hymenopteran lineage. Finally we have shown that the honeybee sHSP-C is co-ordinately expressed and is marked by genomic features, including H3K27me3 histone marks consistent with coordinate regulation, during honeybee ovary activation. Conclusions The syntenic sHSP-C is present in most insect genomes, and its conserved coordinate expression and regulation implies that it is an integral genomic component of environmental response in arthropods. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01885-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Leask
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Mackenzie Lovegrove
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Abigail Walker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Duncan
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter Dearden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Santana E, de los Reyes T, Casas-Tintó S. Small heat shock proteins determine synapse number and neuronal activity during development. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233231. [PMID: 32437379 PMCID: PMC7241713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental changes cause stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and unfolded protein accumulation which hamper synaptic activity and trigger cell death. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) assist protein refolding to maintain proteostasis and cellular integrity. Mechanisms regulating the activity of HSPs include transcription factors and posttranslational modifications that ensure a rapid response. HSPs preserve synaptic function in the nervous system upon environmental insults or pathological factors and contribute to the coupling between environmental cues and neuron control of development. We have performed a biased screening in Drosophila melanogaster searching for synaptogenic modulators among HSPs during development. We explore the role of two small-HSPs (sHSPs), sHSP23 and sHSP26 in synaptogenesis and neuronal activity. Both sHSPs immunoprecipitate together and the equilibrium between both chaperones is required for neuronal development and activity. The molecular mechanism controlling HSP23 and HSP26 accumulation in neurons relies on a novel gene (CG1561), which we name Pinkman (pkm). We propose that sHSPs and Pkm are targets to modulate the impact of stress in neurons and to prevent synapse loss.
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Hughes SC, Simmonds AJ. Drosophila mRNA Localization During Later Development: Past, Present, and Future. Front Genet 2019; 10:135. [PMID: 30899273 PMCID: PMC6416162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms tightly regulate mRNAs during their transcription, translation, and degradation. Of these, the physical localization of mRNAs to specific cytoplasmic regions is relatively easy to detect; however, linking localization to functional regulatory roles has been more difficult to establish. Historically, Drosophila melanogaster is a highly effective model to identify localized mRNAs and has helped identify roles for this process by regulating various cell activities. The majority of the well-characterized functional roles for localizing mRNAs to sub-regions of the cytoplasm have come from the Drosophila oocyte and early syncytial embryo. At present, relatively few functional roles have been established for mRNA localization within the relatively smaller, differentiated somatic cell lineages characteristic of later development, beginning with the cellular blastoderm, and the multiple cell lineages that make up the gastrulating embryo, larva, and adult. This review is divided into three parts—the first outlines past evidence for cytoplasmic mRNA localization affecting aspects of cellular activity post-blastoderm development in Drosophila. The majority of these known examples come from highly polarized cell lineages such as differentiating neurons. The second part considers the present state of affairs where we now know that many, if not most mRNAs are localized to discrete cytoplasmic regions in one or more somatic cell lineages of cellularized embryos, larvae or adults. Assuming that the phenomenon of cytoplasmic mRNA localization represents an underlying functional activity, and correlation with the encoded proteins suggests that mRNA localization is involved in far more than neuronal differentiation. Thus, it seems highly likely that past-identified examples represent only a small fraction of localization-based mRNA regulation in somatic cells. The last part highlights recent technological advances that now provide an opportunity for probing the role of mRNA localization in Drosophila, moving beyond cataloging the diversity of localized mRNAs to a similar understanding of how localization affects mRNA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Raut S, Yadav K, Verma AK, Tak Y, Waiker P, Sahi C. Co-evolution of spliceosomal disassembly interologs: crowning J-protein component with moonlighting RNA-binding activity. Curr Genet 2018; 65:561-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Developmental Expression and Functions of the Small Heat Shock Proteins in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113441. [PMID: 30400176 PMCID: PMC6274884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) form a large family of evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperones that help balance protein folding and protect cells from various stress conditions. However, there is growing evidence that Hsps may also play an active role in developmental processes. Here, we take the example of developmental expression and function of one class of Hsps characterized by low molecular weight, the small Hsps (sHsps). We discuss recent reports and genome-wide datasets that support vital sHsps functions in the developing nervous system, reproductive system, and muscles. This tissue- and time-specific sHsp expression is developmentally regulated, so that the enhancer sequence of an sHsp gene expressed in developing muscle, in addition to stress-inducible elements, also carries binding sites for myogenic regulatory factors. One possible reason for sHsp genes to switch on during development and in non-stress conditions is to protect vital developing organs from environmental insults.
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Syed A, Lukacsovich T, Pomeroy M, Bardwell AJ, Decker GT, Waymire KG, Purcell J, Huang W, Gui J, Padilla EM, Park C, Paul A, Pham TBT, Rodriguez Y, Wei S, Worthge S, Zebarjedi R, Zhang B, Bardwell L, Marsh JL, MacGregor GR. Miles to go (mtgo) encodes FNDC3 proteins that interact with the chaperonin subunit CCT3 and are required for NMJ branching and growth in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2018; 445:37-53. [PMID: 30539716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of mutants that affect formation and function of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has provided valuable insight into genes required for neuronal branching and synaptic growth. We report that NMJ development in Drosophila requires both the Drosophila ortholog of FNDC3 genes; CG42389 (herein referred to as miles to go; mtgo), and CCT3, which encodes a chaperonin complex subunit. Loss of mtgo function causes late pupal lethality with most animals unable to escape the pupal case, while rare escapers exhibit an ataxic gait and reduced lifespan. NMJs in mtgo mutant larvae have dramatically reduced branching and growth and fewer synaptic boutons compared with control animals. Mutant larvae show normal locomotion but display an abnormal self-righting response and chemosensory deficits that suggest additional functions of mtgo within the nervous system. The pharate lethality in mtgo mutants can be rescued by both low-level pan- and neuronal-, but not muscle-specific expression of a mtgo transgene, supporting a neuronal-intrinsic requirement for mtgo in NMJ development. Mtgo encodes three similar proteins whose domain structure is most closely related to the vertebrate intracellular cytosolic membrane-anchored fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 3 (FNDC3) protein family. Mtgo physically and genetically interacts with Drosophila CCT3, which encodes a subunit of the TRiC/CCT chaperonin complex required for maturation of actin, tubulin and other substrates. Drosophila larvae heterozygous for a mutation in CCT3 that reduces binding between CCT3 and MTGO also show abnormal NMJ development similar to that observed in mtgo null mutants. Hence, the intracellular FNDC3-ortholog MTGO and CCT3 can form a macromolecular complex, and are both required for NMJ development in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeela Syed
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Tamás Lukacsovich
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Miles Pomeroy
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - A Jane Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Gentry Thomas Decker
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7400, USA
| | - Katrina G Waymire
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Judith Purcell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - James Gui
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Emily M Padilla
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Cindy Park
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Antor Paul
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Thai Bin T Pham
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Yanete Rodriguez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Stephen Wei
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Shane Worthge
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Ronak Zebarjedi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7400, USA
| | - Lee Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
| | - J Lawrence Marsh
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA.
| | - Grant R MacGregor
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA.
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