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Ali S, Freire LGD, Rezende VT, Noman M, Ullah S, Abdullah, Badshah G, Afridi MS, Tonin FG, de Oliveira CAF. Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Foods: Unraveling the Knowledge Gaps on Their Persistence in Food Production Systems. Foods 2023; 12:4314. [PMID: 38231751 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, the intricate issue about the occurrence levels of mycotoxins in foods is discussed aiming to underline the main knowledge gaps on the persistence of these toxicants in the food production system. Mycotoxins have been a key challenge to the food industry, economic growth, and consumers' health. Despite a breadth of studies over the past decades, the persistence of mycotoxins in foods remain an overlooked concern that urges exploration. Therefore, we aimed to concisely underline the matter and provide possible biochemical and metabolic details that can be relevant to the food sector and overall public health. We also stress the application of computational modeling, high-throughput omics, and high-resolution imaging approaches, which can provide insights into the structural and physicochemical characteristics and the metabolic activities which occur in a stored cereal grain's embryo and endosperm and their relationship with storage fungi and mycotoxins on a cellular level. In addition, there is a need for extensive collaborative network and funding, which will play a key role in finding effective solutions against the persistence of mycotoxins at the genetic and molecular to metabolic levels in the food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel Dionisio Freire
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Theodoro Rezende
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar (AUP), Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gul Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gustavo Tonin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Yu B, Liu N, Huang L, Luo H, Zhou X, Lei Y, Yan L, Wang X, Chen W, Kang Y, Ding Y, Jin G, Pandey MK, Janila P, Kishan Sudini H, Varshney RK, Jiang H, Liu S, Liao B. Identification and application of a candidate gene AhAftr1 for aflatoxin production resistance in peanut seed (Arachis hypogaea L.). J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00263-1. [PMID: 37739123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peanut is susceptible to infection of Aspergillus fungi and conducive to aflatoxin contamination, hence developing aflatoxin-resistant variety is highly meaningful. Identifying functional genes or loci conferring aflatoxin resistance and molecular diagnostic marker are crucial for peanut breeding. OBJECTIVES This work aims to (1) identify candidate gene for aflatoxin production resistance, (2) reveal the related resistance mechanism, and (3) develop diagnostic marker for resistance breeding program. METHODS Resistance to aflatoxin production in a recombined inbred line (RIL) population derived from a high-yielding variety Xuhua13 crossed with an aflatoxin-resistant genotype Zhonghua 6 was evaluated under artificial inoculation for three consecutive years. Both genetic linkage analysis and QTL-seq were conducted for QTL mapping. The candidate gene was further fine-mapped using a secondary segregation mapping population and validated by transgenic experiments. RNA-Seq analysis among resistant and susceptible RILs was used to reveal the resistance pathway for the candidate genes. RESULTS The major effect QTL qAFTRA07.1 for aflatoxin production resistance was mapped to a 1.98 Mbp interval. A gene, AhAftr1 (Arachis hypogaea Aflatoxin resistance 1), was detected structure variation (SV) in leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain of its production, and involved in disease resistance response through the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) pathway. Transgenic plants with overexpression of AhAftr1(ZH6) exhibited 57.3% aflatoxin reduction compared to that of AhAftr1(XH13). A molecular diagnostic marker AFTR.Del.A07 was developed based on the SV. Thirty-six lines, with aflatoxin content decrease by over 77.67% compared to the susceptible control Zhonghua12 (ZH12), were identified from a panel of peanut germplasm accessions and breeding lines through using AFTR.Del.A07. CONCLUSION Our findings would provide insights of aflatoxin production resistance mechanisms and laid meaningful foundation for further breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Huaiyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Weigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Yingbin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Gaorui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Aird Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pasupuleti Janila
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Aird Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hari Kishan Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Aird Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China.
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Jayaprakash A, Roy A, Thanmalagan RR, Arunachalam A, P T V L. Understanding the mechanism of pathogenicity through interactome studies between Arachis hypogaea L. and Aspergillus flavus. J Proteomics 2023; 287:104975. [PMID: 37482270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infects the peanut seeds during pre-and post-harvest stages, causing seed quality destruction for humans and livestock consumption. Even though many resistant varieties were developed, the molecular mechanism of defense interactions of peanut against A. flavus still needs further investigation. Hence, an interologous host-pathogen protein interaction (HPPI) network was constructed to understand the subcellular level interaction mechanism between peanut and A. flavus. Out of the top 10 hub proteins of both organisms, protein phosphatase 2C and cyclic nucleotide-binding/kinase domain-containing protein and different ribosomal proteins were identified as candidate proteins involved in defense. Functional annotation and subcellular localization based characterization of HPPI identified protein SGT1 homolog, calmodulin and Rac-like GTP-binding proteins to be involved in defense response against fungus. The relevance of HPPI in infectious conditions was assessed using two transcriptome data which identified the interplay of host kinase class R proteins, bHLH TFs and cell wall related proteins to impart resistance against pathogen infection. Further, the pathogenicity analysis identified glycogen phosphorylase and molecular chaperone and allergen Mod-E/Hsp90/Hsp1 as potential pathogen targets to enhance the host defense mechanism. Hence, the computationally predicted host-pathogen PPI network could provide valuable support for molecular biology experiments to understand the host-pathogen interaction. SIGNIFICANCE: Protein-protein interactions execute significant cellular interactions in an organism and are influenced majorly by stress conditions. Here we reported the host-pathogen protein-protein interaction between peanut and A. flavus, and a detailed network analysis based on function, subcellular localization, gene co-expression, and pathogenicity was performed. The network analysis identified key proteins such as host kinase class R proteins, calmodulin, SGT1 homolog, Rac-like GTP-binding proteins bHLH TFs and cell wall related to impart resistance against pathogen infection. We observed the interplay of defense related proteins and cell wall related proteins predominantly, which could be subjected to further studies. The network analysis described in this study could be applied to understand other host-pathogen systems generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Jayaprakash
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Abhijeet Roy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Raja Rajeswary Thanmalagan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Annamalai Arunachalam
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Lakshmi P T V
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India.
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Wang Y, Liu D, Yin H, Wang H, Cao C, Wang J, Zheng J, Liu J. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Response of Resistant Peanut Seeds to Aspergillus flavus Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:414. [PMID: 37505683 PMCID: PMC10467056 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut seeds are susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection, which has a severe impact on the peanut industry and human health. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this defense remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites during A. flavus infection between Zhonghua 6 and Yuanza 9102 by transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. A total of 5768 DEGs were detected in the transcriptomic study. Further functional analysis showed that some DEGs were significantly enriched in pectinase catabolism, hydrogen peroxide decomposition and cell wall tissues of resistant varieties at the early stage of infection, while these genes were differentially enriched in the middle and late stages of infection in the nonresponsive variety Yuanza 9102. Some DEGs, such as those encoding transcription factors, disease course-related proteins, peroxidase (POD), chitinase and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), were highly expressed in the infection stage. Metabolomic analysis yielded 349 differential metabolites. Resveratrol, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid in phenylalanine metabolism and 13S-HPODE in the linolenic acid metabolism pathway play major and active roles in peanut resistance to A. flavus. Combined analysis of the differential metabolites and DEGs showed that they were mainly enriched in phenylpropane metabolism and the linolenic acid metabolism pathway. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further confirmed that peanuts infected with A. flavus activates various defense mechanisms, and the response to A. flavus is more rapid in resistant materials. These results can be used to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of peanut resistance to A. flavus infection and provide directions for early detection of infection and for breeding peanut varieties resistant to aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jihong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.W.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
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Cui M, Han S, Wang D, Haider MS, Guo J, Zhao Q, Du P, Sun Z, Qi F, Zheng Z, Huang B, Dong W, Li P, Zhang X. Gene Co-expression Network Analysis of the Comparative Transcriptome Identifies Hub Genes Associated With Resistance to Aspergillus flavus L. in Cultivated Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899177. [PMID: 35812950 PMCID: PMC9264616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a cosmopolitan oil crop, is susceptible to a variety of pathogens, especially Aspergillus flavus L., which not only vastly reduce the quality of peanut products but also seriously threaten food safety for the contamination of aflatoxin. However, the key genes related to resistance to Aspergillus flavus L. in peanuts remain unclear. This study identifies hub genes positively associated with resistance to A. flavus in two genotypes by comparative transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. Compared with susceptible genotype (Zhonghua 12, S), the rapid response to A. flavus and quick preparation for the translation of resistance-related genes in the resistant genotype (J-11, R) may be the drivers of its high resistance. WGCNA analysis revealed that 18 genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins (PR10), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO1), MAPK kinase, serine/threonine kinase (STK), pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), cytochrome P450, SNARE protein SYP121, pectinesterase, phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, and pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein play major and active roles in peanut resistance to A. flavus. Collectively, this study provides new insight into resistance to A. flavus by employing WGCNA, and the identification of hub resistance-responsive genes may contribute to the development of resistant cultivars by molecular-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Cui
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Suoyi Han
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Du Wang
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Junjia Guo
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Du
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feiyan Qi
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenzhao Dong
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
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Mou Y, Sun Q, Yuan C, Zhao X, Wang J, Yan C, Li C, Shan S. Identification of the LOX Gene Family in Peanut and Functional Characterization of AhLOX29 in Drought Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832785. [PMID: 35356112 PMCID: PMC8959715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a gene family of nonheme iron-containing dioxygenases that play important roles in plant development and defense responses. To date, a comprehensive analysis of LOX genes and their biological functions in response to abiotic stresses in peanut has not been performed. In this study, a total of 72 putative LOX genes were identified in cultivated (Arachis hypogaea) and wild-type peanut (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis) and classified into three subfamilies: 9-LOX, type I 13-LOX and type II 13-LOX. The gene structures and protein motifs of these peanut LOX genes were highly conserved among most LOXs. We found that the chromosomal distribution of peanut LOXs was not random and that gene duplication played a crucial role in the expansion of the LOX gene family. Cis-acting elements related to development, hormones, and biotic and abiotic stresses were identified in the promoters of peanut LOX genes. The expression patterns of peanut LOX genes were tissue-specific and stress-inducible. Quantitative real-time PCR results further confirmed that peanut LOX gene expression could be induced by drought, salt, methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid treatments, and these genes exhibited diverse expression patterns. Furthermore, overexpression of AhLOX29 in Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance to drought stress. Compared with wide-type, AhLOX29-overexpressing plants showed significantly decreased malondialdehyde contents, as well as increased chlorophyll degradation, proline accumulation and superoxide dismutase activity, suggesting that the transgenic plants exhibit strengthened capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent membrane damage. This systematic study provides valuable information about the functional characteristics of AhLOXs in the regulation of abiotic stress responses of peanut.
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González-López NM, Huertas-Ortiz KA, Leguizamon-Guerrero JE, Arias-Cortés MM, Tere-Peña CP, García-Castañeda JE, Rivera-Monroy ZJ. Omics in the detection and identification of biosynthetic pathways related to mycotoxin synthesis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4038-4054. [PMID: 34486583 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that are known to be toxic to humans and animals. On the other hand, some mycotoxins and their analogues possess antioxidant as well as antitumor properties, which could be relevant in the fields of pharmaceutical analysis and food research. Omics techniques are a group of analytical tools applied in the biological sciences in order to study genes (genomics), mRNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and metabolites (metabolomics). Omics have become a vital tool in the field of mycotoxins, especially contributing to the identification of biomarkers with potential use for the detection of mycotoxigenic species and the gathering of information about the biosynthetic pathways of mycotoxins in different environments. This approach has provided tools for the development of prevention strategies and control measures for different mycotoxins. Additionally, research has revealed important information about the impact of global warming and climate change on the prevalence of mycotoxin issues in society. In the context of foodomics, the aim is to apply omics techniques in order to ensure food safety. The objective of the present review is to determine the state of the art regarding the development of analytical techniques based on omics in the identification of biosynthetic pathways related to mycotoxin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Andrey Huertas-Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Zuly Jenny Rivera-Monroy
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Mohammadi X, Matinfar G, Khaneghah AM, Singh A, Pratap-Singh A. Emergence of cold plasma and electron beam irradiation as novel technologies to counter mycotoxins in food products. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Today, mycotoxins are considered a serious risk for human health and the economy around the world. Hence, dealing with them in such a way as to minimise damage to food and plant materials has become an important issue. Cold atmospheric plasma and electron beam irradiation are updated and non-thermal technologies, which are recently used in detoxification of mycotoxins. Both of these technologies have several unique features that turn them into efficient methods for degrading mycotoxins. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is exhibiting the detoxification power of these methods and parameters affecting their activity. Besides, their advantages, generating systems, activity mechanism, and the toxicity of degradation products are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Mohammadi
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G. Matinfar
- Department of Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A. Singh
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Pratap-Singh
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Liu X, Li X, Wen X, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Gao B, Zhang D. PacBio full-length transcriptome of wild apple (Malus sieversii) provides insights into canker disease dynamic response. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:52. [PMID: 33446096 PMCID: PMC7809858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valsa canker is a serious disease in the stem of Malus sieversii, caused by Valsa mali. However, little is known about the global response mechanism in M. sieversii to V. mali infection. RESULTS Phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) profiles and transcriptome analysis were used to elaborate on the dynamic response mechanism. We determined that the JA was initially produced to respond to the necrotrophic pathogen V. mali infection at the early response stage, then get synergistically transduced with SA to respond at the late response stage. Furthermore, we adopted Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) full-length sequencing to identify differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) during the canker response stage. We obtained 52,538 full-length transcripts, of which 8139 were DETs. Total 1336 lncRNAs, 23,737 alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites and 3780 putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Additionally, functional annotation analysis of DETs indicated that the wild apple response to the infection of V. mali involves plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The co-expression network of the differentially expressed TFs revealed 264 candidate TF transcripts. Among these candidates, the WRKY family was the most abundant. The MsWRKY7 and MsWRKY33 were highly correlated at the early response stage, and MsWRKY6, MsWRKY7, MsWRKY19, MsWRKY33, MsWRKY40, MsWRKY45, MsWRKY51, MsWRKY61, MsWRKY75 were highly correlated at the late stage. CONCLUSIONS The full-length transcriptomic analysis revealed a series of immune responsive events in M. sieversii in response to V. mali infection. The phytohormone signal pathway regulatory played an important role in the response stage. Additionally, the enriched disease resistance pathways and differentially expressed TFs dynamics collectively contributed to the immune response. This study provides valuable insights into a dynamic response in M. sieversii upon the necrotrophic pathogen V. mali infection, facilitates understanding of response mechanisms to canker disease for apple, and provides supports in the identification of potential resistance genes in M. sieversii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Xuejing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China. .,Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China.
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10
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Transcriptome Analysis Identified Coordinated Control of Key Pathways Regulating Cellular Physiology and Metabolism upon Aspergillus flavus Infection Resulting in Reduced Aflatoxin Production in Groundnut. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040370. [PMID: 33339393 PMCID: PMC7767264 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin-affected groundnut or peanut presents a major global health issue to both commercial and subsistence farming. Therefore, understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with resistance to aflatoxin production during host–pathogen interactions is crucial for breeding groundnut cultivars with minimal level of aflatoxin contamination. Here, we performed gene expression profiling to better understand the mechanisms involved in reduction and prevention of aflatoxin contamination resulting from Aspergillus flavus infection in groundnut seeds. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of 16 samples from different time points during infection (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and the 7th day after inoculation) in U 4-7-5 (resistant) and JL 24 (susceptible) genotypes yielded 840.5 million raw reads with an average of 52.5 million reads per sample. A total of 1779 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis revealed several pathways, such as disease resistance, hormone biosynthetic signaling, flavonoid biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying, cell wall metabolism and catabolizing and seed germination. We also detected several highly upregulated transcription factors, such as ARF, DBB, MYB, NAC and C2H2 in the resistant genotype in comparison to the susceptible genotype after inoculation. Moreover, RNA-Seq analysis suggested the occurrence of coordinated control of key pathways controlling cellular physiology and metabolism upon A. flavus infection, resulting in reduced aflatoxin production.
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11
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Mitros T, Session AM, James BT, Wu GA, Belaffif MB, Clark LV, Shu S, Dong H, Barling A, Holmes JR, Mattick JE, Bredeson JV, Liu S, Farrar K, Głowacka K, Jeżowski S, Barry K, Chae WB, Juvik JA, Gifford J, Oladeinde A, Yamada T, Grimwood J, Putnam NH, De Vega J, Barth S, Klaas M, Hodkinson T, Li L, Jin X, Peng J, Yu CY, Heo K, Yoo JH, Ghimire BK, Donnison IS, Schmutz J, Hudson ME, Sacks EJ, Moose SP, Swaminathan K, Rokhsar DS. Genome biology of the paleotetraploid perennial biomass crop Miscanthus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5442. [PMID: 33116128 PMCID: PMC7595124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus is a perennial wild grass that is of global importance for paper production, roofing, horticultural plantings, and an emerging highly productive temperate biomass crop. We report a chromosome-scale assembly of the paleotetraploid M. sinensis genome, providing a resource for Miscanthus that links its chromosomes to the related diploid Sorghum and complex polyploid sugarcanes. The asymmetric distribution of transposons across the two homoeologous subgenomes proves Miscanthus paleo-allotetraploidy and identifies several balanced reciprocal homoeologous exchanges. Analysis of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus populations demonstrates extensive interspecific admixture and hybridization, and documents the origin of the highly productive triploid bioenergy crop M. × giganteus. Transcriptional profiling of leaves, stem, and rhizomes over growing seasons provides insight into rhizome development and nutrient recycling, processes critical for sustainable biomass accumulation in a perennial temperate grass. The Miscanthus genome expands the power of comparative genomics to understand traits of importance to Andropogoneae grasses. The perennial grass Miscanthus is a promising biomass crop. Here, via genomics and transcriptomics, the authors reveal its allotetraploid origin, characterize gene expression associated with rhizome development and nutrient recycling, and describe the hybrid origin of the triploid M. x giganteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Mitros
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Adam M Session
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brandon T James
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.,HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Guohong Albert Wu
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mohammad B Belaffif
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.,HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Lindsay V Clark
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,High Performance Biological Computing, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, 206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hongxu Dong
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Adam Barling
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jessica R Holmes
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,High Performance Biological Computing, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, 206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jessica E Mattick
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jessen V Bredeson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Siyao Liu
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Genetics, Curriculum of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Kerrie Farrar
- Institute of Biological, Environmental AND Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Stanisław Jeżowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kerrie Barry
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Won Byoung Chae
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - John A Juvik
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin Gifford
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Adebosola Oladeinde
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, 10-chōme-3 Kita 11 Jōnishi, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Jane Grimwood
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Nicholas H Putnam
- Dovetail Genomics, 100 Enterprise Way, Scotts Valley, CA, 95066, USA
| | - Jose De Vega
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Susanne Barth
- Teagasc, Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland
| | - Manfred Klaas
- Teagasc, Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland
| | - Trevor Hodkinson
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laigeng Li
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junhua Peng
- HuaZhi Rice Biotech Company, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kweon Heo
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yoo
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bimal Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Iain S Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental AND Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Matthew E Hudson
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Erik J Sacks
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen P Moose
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kankshita Swaminathan
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA. .,HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
| | - Daniel S Rokhsar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA. .,U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan. .,Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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12
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Gong L, Han S, Yuan M, Ma X, Hagan A, He G. Transcriptomic analyses reveal the expression and regulation of genes associated with resistance to early leaf spot in peanut. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:381. [PMID: 32782019 PMCID: PMC7418390 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Early leaf spot (ELS) caused by Cercospora arachidicola (Hori) is a serious foliar disease in peanut worldwide, which causes considerable reduction of yield. Identification of resistance genes is important for both conventional and molecular breeding. Few resistance genes have been identified and the mechanism of defense responses to this pathogen remains unknown. Results We detected several genes involved in disease resistance to ELS through transcriptome analysis. Using RNA-seq technology, one hundred thirty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between resistant and susceptible lines. Among these DEGs, coiled coil-nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (NLR) type resistance genes were identified as duplicated R genes on the chromosome B2. Peanut phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4) regulator of effector-triggered immunity mediated by NLR resistance proteins and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes play important roles in early leaf spot resistance. Our study provides the useful information on plant response to C. arachidicola infection in peanut. The results suggest that a few major genes and several factors mediate the resistance to ELS disease, showing the characteristics of quantitative trait in defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gong
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Suoyi Han
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xingli Ma
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | | | - Guohao He
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA.
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13
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Chavarro C, Chu Y, Holbrook C, Isleib T, Bertioli D, Hovav R, Butts C, Lamb M, Sorensen R, A Jackson S, Ozias-Akins P. Pod and Seed Trait QTL Identification To Assist Breeding for Peanut Market Preferences. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:2297-2315. [PMID: 32398236 PMCID: PMC7341151 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although seed and pod traits are important for peanut breeding, little is known about the inheritance of these traits. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 156 lines from a cross of Tifrunner x NC 3033 was genotyped with the Axiom_Arachis1 SNP array and SSRs to generate a genetic map composed of 1524 markers in 29 linkage groups (LG). The genetic positions of markers were compared with their physical positions on the peanut genome to confirm the validity of the linkage map and explore the distribution of recombination and potential chromosomal rearrangements. This linkage map was then used to identify Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for seed and pod traits that were phenotyped over three consecutive years for the purpose of developing trait-associated markers for breeding. Forty-nine QTL were identified in 14 LG for seed size index, kernel percentage, seed weight, pod weight, single-kernel, double-kernel, pod area and pod density. Twenty QTL demonstrated phenotypic variance explained (PVE) greater than 10% and eight more than 20%. Of note, seven of the eight major QTL for pod area, pod weight and seed weight (PVE >20% variance) were attributed to NC 3033 and located in a single linkage group, LG B06_1. In contrast, the most consistent QTL for kernel percentage were located on A07/B07 and derived from Tifrunner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Chavarro
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ye Chu
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Corley Holbrook
- USDA- Agricultural Research Service, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Thomas Isleib
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, P.O. Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - David Bertioli
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ran Hovav
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO (Volcani Center), Bet Dagan, Israel, and
| | - Christopher Butts
- USDA- Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - Marshall Lamb
- USDA- Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - Ronald Sorensen
- USDA- Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - Scott A Jackson
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793,
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14
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Khan SA, Chen H, Deng Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Cai T, Ali N, Mamadou G, Xie D, Guo B, Varshney RK, Zhuang W. High-density SNP map facilitates fine mapping of QTLs and candidate genes discovery for Aspergillus flavus resistance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:2239-2257. [PMID: 32285164 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two novel resistant QTLs mapped and candidate genes identified for Aspergillus flavus resistance in cultivated peanut using SLAF-seq. Aflatoxin contamination in peanuts caused by Aspergillus flavus is a serious food safety issue for human health around the world. Host plant resistance to fungal infection and reduction in aflatoxin are crucial for mitigating this problem. Identification of the resistance-linked markers can be used in marker-assisted breeding for varietal development. Here we report construction of two high-density genetic linkage maps with 1975 SNP loci and 5022 SNP loci, respectively. Two consistent quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified as qRAF-3-1 and qRAF-14-1, which located on chromosomes A03 and B04, respectively. QTL qRAF-3-1 was mapped within 1.67 cM and had more than 19% phenotypic variance explained (PVE), while qRAF-14-1 was located within 1.34 cM with 5.15% PVE. While comparing with the reference genome, the mapped QTLs, qRAF-3-1 and qRAF-14-1, were located within a physical distance of 1.44 Megabase pair (Mbp) and 2.22 Mbp, harboring 67 and 137 genes, respectively. Among the identified candidate genes, six genes with the same function were found within both QTLs regions. In addition, putative disease resistance RPP13-like protein 1 (RPP13), lipoxygenase (Lox), WRKY transcription factor (WRKY) and cytochrome P450 71B34 genes were also identified. Using microarray analysis, genes responded to A. flavus infection included coding for RPP13, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing-like protein, and Lox which may be possible candidate genes for resistance to A. flavus. The QTLs and candidate genes will further facilitate marker development and validation of genes for deployment in the molecular breeding programs against A. flavus in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali Khan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Tiecheng Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Niaz Ali
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Gandeka Mamadou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Dongyang Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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15
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Soni P, Gangurde SS, Ortega-Beltran A, Kumar R, Parmar S, Sudini HK, Lei Y, Ni X, Huai D, Fountain JC, Njoroge S, Mahuku G, Radhakrishnan T, Zhuang W, Guo B, Liao B, Singam P, Pandey MK, Bandyopadhyay R, Varshney RK. Functional Biology and Molecular Mechanisms of Host-Pathogen Interactions for Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) and Maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:227. [PMID: 32194520 PMCID: PMC7063101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by soilborne saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus and closely related species that infect several agricultural commodities including groundnut and maize. The consumption of contaminated commodities adversely affects the health of humans and livestock. Aflatoxin contamination also causes significant economic and financial losses to producers. Research efforts and significant progress have been made in the past three decades to understand the genetic behavior, molecular mechanisms, as well as the detailed biology of host-pathogen interactions. A range of omics approaches have facilitated better understanding of the resistance mechanisms and identified pathways involved during host-pathogen interactions. Most of such studies were however undertaken in groundnut and maize. Current efforts are geared toward harnessing knowledge on host-pathogen interactions and crop resistant factors that control aflatoxin contamination. This study provides a summary of the recent progress made in enhancing the understanding of the functional biology and molecular mechanisms associated with host-pathogen interactions during aflatoxin contamination in groundnut and maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Soni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Parmar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hari K. Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yong Lei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhi Ni
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Service, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jake C. Fountain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Samuel Njoroge
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Weijian Zhuang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Boshou Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
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16
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A Polyphasic Approach Aids Early Detection of Potentially Toxigenic Aspergilli in Soil. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090300. [PMID: 31470555 PMCID: PMC6781248 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Key chili and maize growing areas of Pakistan were selected for a focused baseline study of the levels of Aspergillus spp. Investigations were undertaken using a combination of molecular and culture-based techniques. Samples investigated included soil samples, one-year-old corn cobs, and fresh chili from selected locations. Aspergillus strains obtained from corn cobs were screened using coconut milk agar, resulting in one strain that was positive for aflatoxin production. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) with low coverage techniques were employed to screen the isolates for differences in the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and mitochondrial genome, with the aflatoxigenic strain proving to have a distinctive profile. Finally, strains were subjected to matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) in order to obtain a proteomic ‘fingerprint’ which was used to distinguish the aflatoxigenic strain from the other isolates. The next generation sequencing (NGS) study was broadened to incorporate metabarcoding with ITS rRNA for determining the microbial biodiversity of the soil samples and presumptive screening for the presence of aflatoxigenic strains. Using information gleaned from the WGS results, a putative aflatoxigenic operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was observed in four of the 15 soil samples screened by metabarcoding. This method may have beneficial applications in early detection and surveillance programs in agricultural soils and commodities.
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17
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Pandey MK, Kumar R, Pandey AK, Soni P, Gangurde SS, Sudini HK, Fountain JC, Liao B, Desmae H, Okori P, Chen X, Jiang H, Mendu V, Falalou H, Njoroge S, Mwololo J, Guo B, Zhuang W, Wang X, Liang X, Varshney RK. Mitigating Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut through A Combination of Genetic Resistance and Post-Harvest Management Practices. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E315. [PMID: 31163657 PMCID: PMC6628460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is considered a "hidden poison" due to its slow and adverse effect on various biological pathways in humans, particularly among children, in whom it leads to delayed development, stunted growth, liver damage, and liver cancer. Unfortunately, the unpredictable behavior of the fungus as well as climatic conditions pose serious challenges in precise phenotyping, genetic prediction and genetic improvement, leaving the complete onus of preventing aflatoxin contamination in crops on post-harvest management. Equipping popular crop varieties with genetic resistance to aflatoxin is key to effective lowering of infection in farmer's fields. A combination of genetic resistance for in vitro seed colonization (IVSC), pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) and aflatoxin production together with pre- and post-harvest management may provide a sustainable solution to aflatoxin contamination. In this context, modern "omics" approaches, including next-generation genomics technologies, can provide improved and decisive information and genetic solutions. Preventing contamination will not only drastically boost the consumption and trade of the crops and products across nations/regions, but more importantly, stave off deleterious health problems among consumers across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Arun K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Pooja Soni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Sunil S Gangurde
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Hari K Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Jake C Fountain
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Boshou Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Haile Desmae
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Bamako BP 320, Mali.
| | - Patrick Okori
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Lilongwe PB 1096, Malawi.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Crops Research Institute (CRI) of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Hamidou Falalou
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Niamey BP 12404, Niger.
| | - Samuel Njoroge
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Lilongwe PB 1096, Malawi.
| | - James Mwololo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Lilongwe PB 1096, Malawi.
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250108, China.
| | - Xuanqiang Liang
- Crops Research Institute (CRI) of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
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18
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Yu B, Huai D, Huang L, Kang Y, Ren X, Chen Y, Zhou X, Luo H, Liu N, Chen W, Lei Y, Pandey MK, Sudini H, Varshney RK, Liao B, Jiang H. Identification of genomic regions and diagnostic markers for resistance to aflatoxin contamination in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC Genet 2019; 20:32. [PMID: 30866805 PMCID: PMC6417274 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus is a major constraint to peanut industry worldwide due to its toxicological effects to human and animals. Developing peanut varieties with resistance to seed infection and/or aflatoxin accumulation is the most effective and economic strategy for reducing aflatoxin risk in food chain. Breeding for resistance to aflatoxin in peanut is a challenging task for breeders because the genetic basis is still poorly understood. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to aflatoxin contamination in peanut, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from crossing Zhonghua 10 (susceptible) with ICG 12625 (resistant). The percent seed infection index (PSII), the contents of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) of RILs were evaluated by a laboratory kernel inoculation assay. Results Two QTLs were identified for PSII including one major QTL with 11.32–13.00% phenotypic variance explained (PVE). A total of 12 QTLs for aflatoxin accumulation were detected by unconditional analysis, and four of them (qAFB1A07 and qAFB1B06.1 for AFB1, qAFB2A07 and qAFB2B06 for AFB2) exhibited major and stable effects across multiple environments with 9.32–21.02% PVE. Furthermore, not only qAFB1A07 and qAFB2A07 were co-localized in the same genetic interval on LG A07, but qAFB1B06.1 was also co-localized with qAFB2B06 on LG B06. Conditional QTL mapping also confirmed that there was a strong interaction between resistance to AFB1 and AFB2 accumulation. Genotyping of RILs revealed that qAFB1A07 and qAFB1B06.1 interacted additively to improve the resistance to both AFB1 and AFB2 accumulation. Additionally, validation of the two markers was performed in diversified germplasm collection and four accessions with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation were identified. Conclusions Single major QTL for resistance to PSII and two important co-localized intervals associated with major QTLs for resistance to AFB1 and AFB2. Combination of these intervals could improve the resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in peanut. SSR markers linked to these intervals were identified and validated. The identified QTLs and associated markers exhibit potential to be applied in improvement of resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0734-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaiyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute of the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hari Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute of the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute of the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Cary JW, Entwistle S, Satterlee T, Mack BM, Gilbert MK, Chang PK, Scharfenstein L, Yin Y, Calvo AM. The Transcriptional Regulator Hbx1 Affects the Expression of Thousands of Genes in the Aflatoxin-Producing Fungus Aspergillus flavus. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:167-178. [PMID: 30425054 PMCID: PMC6325891 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In filamentous fungi, homeobox proteins are conserved transcriptional regulators described to control conidiogenesis and fruiting body formation. Eight homeobox (hbx) genes are found in the genome of the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete, Aspergillus flavus While loss-of-function of seven of the eight genes had little to no effect on fungal growth and development, disruption of hbx1, resulted in aconidial colonies and lack of sclerotial production. Furthermore, the hbx1 mutant was unable to produce aflatoxins B1 and B2, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. In the present study, hbx1 transcriptome analysis revealed that hbx1 has a broad effect on A. flavus gene expression, and the effect of hbx1 increases overtime, impacting more than five thousand protein-coding genes. Among the affected genes, those in the category of secondary metabolism (SM), followed by that of cellular transport, were the most affected. Specifically, regarding the effect of hbx1 on SM, we found that genes in 44 SM gene clusters where upregulated while 49 were downregulated in the absence of hbx1, including genes in the SM clusters responsible for the synthesis of asparasone, piperazine and aflavarin, all known to be associated with sclerotia. In addition, our study revealed that hbx1 affects the expression of other transcription factor genes involved in development, including the conidiation central regulatory pathway and flb genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Cary
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sarah Entwistle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
| | - Timothy Satterlee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
| | - Brian M Mack
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Matthew K Gilbert
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Perng K Chang
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Leslie Scharfenstein
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yanbin Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
| | - Ana M Calvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
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