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Freitas LL, Cardoso TSG, Argollo N, Mello CB. Socioeconomic Status, Urbanization and Executive Functions Development: Differences Between Urban and Rural Children. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38220.en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Socioeconomic Status (SES) has been linked to the development of Executive Functions (EF) usually by means of parental education and family income. Living conditions related to urbanization characteristics are rarely considered. This cross-sectional study investigated the performance in EF tasks of 99 Brazilian children aged 6 to 8 years residing in rural and urban regions. Results showed that children who lived in the rural area performed better than those who lived in the industrial city in the working memory and inhibitory tasks. Social interactions and urbanization conditions, such as parent occupations and social stratification, may explain these differences. Therefore, urbanization conditions of locations where families live should be considered in future studies concerning the influences of SES in EF development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago S. G. Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil; Centro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo, Brasil
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Roukoz C, Guerra A, Le Gall D, Ghazi M, Roy A. Development of executive functions in Lebanese children. Dev Neuropsychol 2021; 46:121-135. [PMID: 33678077 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2021.1897592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study focused on adapting EF tests for children to the Arabic language and examine the developmental trajectories of a sample of school-aged Lebanese children in four domains of EF (inhibition, flexibility, working memory, and planning). It also focused on examining the effects of gender and parental education level on EF performance. The study population included 100 Lebanese children aged from 6 to 12-years old who were grouped and comparable for age, gender, and parental level of education. Results revealed a main effect of age and level of education of parents while the effect of gender was non-significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Roukoz
- Psychiatry Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amanda Guerra
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de La Loire, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Didier Le Gall
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de La Loire, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Maria Ghazi
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arnaud Roy
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de La Loire, Angers University, Angers, France
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Guerra A, Hazin I, Guerra Y, Roulin JL, Le Gall D, Roy A. Developmental Profile of Executive Functioning in School-Age Children From Northeast Brazil. Front Psychol 2021; 11:596075. [PMID: 33536970 PMCID: PMC7848892 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.596075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of executive functions (EF) is recognizably correlated to culture, contextual and social factors. However, studies considering all the basic EF are still scarce in Brazil, most notably in the Northeast region, which is known for its social inequality and economic gap. This study aimed to analyze the developmental trajectories and structure of four EF, namely inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning. In addition, the potential effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and gender were examined. The sample included 230 Brazilian children between 7-12 years old, homogeneously distributed by age, gender and type of school. The EF were assessed through the Brazilian version of the Child Executive Functions Battery (CEF-B). A global effect of age was found for most of the EF measures evaluated. Gender effect was mostly non-significant, except for 4 of the 12 tasks. There was a significant SES effect on 8 tasks, all in favor of private school children. Exploratory factorial and correlation analysis showed a 4-factor EF structure, corroborating the theoretical distribution considered in the CEF-B. A developmental progression is evident in the results for all of the EF measures evaluated. While gender had little influence on EF, SES seems to significantly impact the development of EF. As normative data are still lacking in Northeast Brazil, this study may help to understand EF development trajectories and provide tools for neuropsychological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Guerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Izabel Hazin
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Guerra
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jean-Luc Roulin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (UMR 5105), Université de Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Didier Le Gall
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Roy
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Centre Référent des Troubles d'Apprentissage, Centre de Compétence Nantais de Neurofibromatose, Hôpital Femme-Enfant-Adolescent, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Ruiz NC, Egido J, Galindo-Villardón P, Del-Río P. Advantages of Using HJ-Biplot Analysis in Executive Functions Studies. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Executive functions (EFs) are considered a multiple system of processing, associated with different components, such as inhibition, working memory, planning, among others. The study of EFs requires the assessment of all its components, having in mind the socio-demographic and cognitive characteristics of the target population. Nowadays, analysis of variance is used to achieve this goal; nevertheless, HJ-Biplot analysis overcome its limitations by allowing simultaneous examination of multiple data, such as those generated in EFs studies. This study evaluates possible differences in the EFs of 80 8-year-old Colombian children by their sex, socio-economic status and type of school they attend, to exemplify the advantages of using HJ-Biplot analysis in neuropsychological studies.
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Cadavid Ruiz N, Del Río P, Egido J, Galindo P. Age Related Changes in the Executive Function of Colombian Children. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy15-5.arce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Executive Function (EF) is a higher cognitive process responsible for control and self-regulation of behavior. The aim of this study is to describe the developmental trajectory of EF in four and six-year old Colombian children, and to highlight possible differences by socio-cultural variables such as age, sex, type of school or socio-economic status. One hundred and sixty-three normotypical children were tested using psychological tests validated for a Spanish population belonging to the Weschler and Luria Initial batteries. HJ-biplot analysis showed that EF developed commensurate with age and school grade, although differences by socio-economic status and type of school were evident.
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Nunes S, Argollo N, Mota M, Vieira C, Sena EPD. Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia: a hospital-based sample. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2016; 39:32-39. [PMID: 28270343 PMCID: PMC5339374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with sickle cell anemia may suffer symptomatic or silent cerebral infarcts leading to neurocognitive complications. This study investigated the cognitive and intellectual performance of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. METHODS The socioeconomic status, clinical aspects and behavioral profile of 15 young individuals with sickle cell anemia were evaluated. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment Test, and the Child Behavior Checklist were applied. RESULTS Participants with a history of stroke had lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Alterations were found in attention and executive functioning, language, verbal and visual memory, visuospatial processing and sensorimotor skills. These alterations were found both in the children and adolescents who had had a cerebral infarction and in those who apparently had not. In the majority of cases, there were learning difficulties, a history of repeating school years and a need for specialist educational support. The most common additional diagnoses in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV were depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and somatic disorder, as well as conditions associated with physical and psychosocial repercussions of sickle cell anemia. CONCLUSION As sickle cell anemia is considered a progressive cerebral vasculopathy, it is a potential risk factor for neurocognitive and psychosocial development. Therefore, periodic neuropsychological and behavioral evaluations of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia may represent a useful measure to reduce long-term biopsychosocial repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Nunes
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Argollo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marivania Mota
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Camilo Vieira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Willhelm AR, Fortes PM, Czermainski FR, Rates ASA, Almeida RMMD. Neuropsychological and behavioral assessment of impulsivity in adolescents: a systematic review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016; 38:128-135. [PMID: 27737307 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of neuropsychological assessment is to understand the multifaceted relationship between behavior, cognition and brain organization. The main objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on impulsivity and inhibitory control in healthy adolescents and preadolescents. METHOD: Three researchers conducted a systematic review on November 25, 2014. The first step was to conduct searches on the Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases for articles in English using the following keywords: child; adolescents; impulsivity; inhibition; inhibitory control; and neuropsychology. The second step was to analyze all the references cited in the articles selected from the search results in order to identify further literature. RESULTS: Just 13 articles met all the inclusion criteria. There was no consistency in the aims of these studies, or in the instruments or procedures employed. CONCLUSION: There was no uniformity among the articles that met all the criteria in terms of any of the items analyzed. There was considerable heterogeneity in these studies of impulsivity and inhibitory control, and few of them evaluated healthy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rodrigues Willhelm
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociências e Comportamento (LPNeC), UFGRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Madeira Fortes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociências e Comportamento (LPNeC), UFGRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rasch Czermainski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociências e Comportamento (LPNeC), UFGRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Schwalm Andrade Rates
- Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociências e Comportamento (LPNeC), UFGRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade do Vale dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Martins de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociências e Comportamento (LPNeC), UFGRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Segretin MS, Hermida MJ, Prats LM, Fracchia CS, Ruetti E, Lipina SJ. Childhood Poverty and Cognitive Development in Latin America in the 21st Century. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2016; 2016:9-29. [PMID: 27254824 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For at least eight decades, researchers have analyzed the association between childhood poverty and cognitive development in different societies worldwide, but few of such studies have been carried out in Latin America. The aim of the present paper is to systematically review the empirical studies that have analyzed the associations between poverty and cognitive development in children under 18 years of age from Latin American and Caribbean countries between 2000 and 2015. This analysis takes into consideration the country where the work was conducted, the experimental and analytical design, sample size and composition, cognitive and poverty paradigms implemented, levels of analysis, and the inclusion of mediation analyses. Through these, we identify common patterns in the negative impact of poverty that have been repeatedly verified in the literature in other continents; we also call attention to a set of issues regarding sample, design, paradigms, impact, and mediation analyses that should be considered in future studies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Segretin
- The National Council of Scientific and Technical Research.,Unit of Applied Neurobiology
| | | | - Lucía M Prats
- The National Council of Scientific and Technical Research.,National University of San Martín
| | | | - Eliana Ruetti
- The National Council of Scientific and Technical Research.,University of Buenos Aires
| | - Sebastián J Lipina
- The National Council of Scientific and Technical Research.,Unit of Applied Neurobiology.,National University of San Martín.,Ethical Committee at CEMIC and the SRCD Committee.,UNICEF, UNDP, and WHO
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