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Dahmen J, Emanuel KS, Fontanellas-Fes A, Verhagen E, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Pluim BM. Incidence, prevalence and nature of injuries in padel: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001607. [PMID: 37337550 PMCID: PMC10277135 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is unclear what the incidence, prevalence and nature of injuries are that can occur during playing padel. This study aimed to systematically review the incidence, prevalence and nature of injuries in padel. Method A literature search was performed up to December 2022 through MEDLINE Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SportsDiscus and CINAHL. Following database search, article retrieval and title and abstract screening, articles were assessed for eligibility against predefined criteria. Studies were assessed for methodological quality. Data on injuries' prevalence, incidence and nature of injuries were extracted, analysed and described in a descriptive statistical manner which did not include a pooling strategy as part of a formal meta-analysis. Results Eight studies with 2022 participants were included (range of mean age: 31-57). The incidence rate was 3 injuries per 1000 hours of padel training and 8 injuries per 1000 matches of padel practice. The overall prevalence range was 40%-95%. The elbow was the most common anatomical site of injury, followed by the knee, shoulder and lower back. Tendinous and muscular injuries were the most reported injury types. Conclusion Injuries are common among padel players, with an incidence rate of 3 per 1000 hours of padel training and 8 per 1000 matches of padel practice-as based on limited literature. The overall prevalence range was 40%-95%. The elbow was the most frequently reported anatomical region concerning location injury distribution, and injuries were mainly of tendinous or muscular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Dahmen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaj S Emanuel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Fontanellas-Fes
- Department of Surgery and Morphologic Science, Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Babette M Pluim
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Royal Dutch Lawn Tennis Association (KNLTB), Amstelveen, The Netherlands
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Delgado-García G, Vanrenterghem J, Molina-García P, Gómez-López P, Ocaña-Wilhelmi F, Soto-Hermoso V. Asimetría entre los miembros superiores en jóvenes padelistas de competición. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2022.88.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Existe escasa literatura sobre las asimetrías en el pádel, un deporte de naturaleza asimétrica. Para estudiar el desarrollo de asimetrías en este deporte se evaluó, con bioimpedancia, la masa magra de ambos miembros superiores de 96 jugadores de pádel jóvenes y de 76 esquiadores (grupo control) y se calculó el índice de simetría. Los jugadores de pádel tuvieron una asimetría entre ambos miembros superiores mayor que los esquiadores, cuando se consideró toda la muestra (7.2 ± 5 % vs. 1.4 ± 3.2 %; p < 0.001), en jugadores con un estado de madurez negativo (5,7 ± 3,2 % vs. 1,5 ± 3,8 %; p < 0,001) y en aquellos con un estado de madurez positivo (8,3 ± 5,8 % vs. 1,3 ± 2,4 %; p < 0,001). Este estudio revela que el pádel genera asimetrías de masa magra en los miembros superiores, incluso antes de la edad de crecimiento pico.
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Sánchez-Alcaraz BJ, Courel-Ibáñez J. The Role of Padel in Improving Physical Fitness and Health Promotion: Progress, Limitations, and Future Perspectives—A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116582. [PMID: 35682167 PMCID: PMC9180804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benefits of regular exercise for health are beyond any doubt. However, adherence to regular physical activity is an ongoing challenge. Among the options for exercise engagement, racket sports, and particularly padel, stand as emerging practices for children and adults to have fun, improve physical fitness, and potentially develop motor and cognitive skills. In the last decade, the literature on padel is increasing exponentially. However, there is a need for further experimental research. To design safe and effective sport-base physical activity promotion interventions, it is essential to have a deep understanding of the physical requirements, technical complexity, injury risks, and strength and conditioning programs. To assist researchers to conduct effective padel-based interventions for health, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art evidence about padel, identifies key topics to be addressed in the future, and discusses the potential role of padel as a physical fitness and health promotion strategy. A narrative review is presented, summarizing the results of padel articles from three different databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies written in Spanish and English were the inclusion criteria. The studies had to be published from 2000 onwards and be original, as well as peer-reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences (Melilla Campus), University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Performance Outcome Measures in Padel: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074395. [PMID: 35410074 PMCID: PMC8998912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Padel is a modern doubles racket sport which has become popular around the world in the last decades. There has been an increase in the quantity of scientific research about this sport in the last years. Therefore, the main objective of this scoping review is to provide an updated contextualization of research regarding padel. PRISMA ScR was used in order to search for articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria in five fields of interest: the anthropometric profile, physiology and physical performance, biomechanics, the epidemiology of injuries, and match analyses Seventy-seven records were included in the study. Padel is an emerging sport both in sport and research terms. This scoping review provides coaches and researchers with all the knowledge available in the five fields of interest. Furthermore, this study enables them to make a map of the current state of the research about padel, and it opens up doors to future investigations.
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Heart Rate Variability Monitoring during a Padel Match. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063623. [PMID: 35329317 PMCID: PMC8953748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Padel, an increasingly popular sport, presents some associated cardiovascular risks, which can be prevented by heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring. However, there is no study worldwide that characterizes HRV during padel games. Therefore, this study aims to monitor HRV responses and characterize them using linear and non-linear metrics at three timepoints: at baseline, during a game, and during recovery. Twenty-seven amateur participants had their HRV monitored before, during, and after a 90 min padel game. We extracted time, frequency, and non-linear measures with MATLAB for baseline, rest period, and at three periods of 5 min during the game. The differences in measures were assessed through an ANOVA. The autonomic modulation was affected by the padel match in amateur players. In this regard, the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSsd), Poincaré plot (perpendicular standard deviation (SD1) and horizontal standard deviation (SD2)), sample entropy (SampEn), low frequencies (LF), and very low frequencies (VLF) were significantly reduced during the game, whereas alpha-2, high frequencies (HF), and the ratio between low and high frequencies (LF/HF) increased during the game. Furthermore, an abrupt change was found in the autonomic modulation between game and recovery assessments, which suggests the need to rethink the practices of cool-down protocols. The multiple timepoints analyzed during this study allow us to investigate the evolution of different HRV measures in the time, frequency, and non-linear domains, clarifying the interpretation of the variables, especially the less-investigated ones such as the non-linear measures.
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