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Felisberto R, Flaherty D, Tayari H. Ultrasound‐ and nerve stimulation‐guided sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks in a pet rabbit (
Oryctolagus cuniculus
) undergoing calcaneal fracture repair. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Felisberto
- Anaesthesia Department Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists Ringwood UK
| | - Derek Flaherty
- Anaesthesia Department Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists Ringwood UK
| | - Hamaseh Tayari
- Anaesthesia Department Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists Ringwood UK
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Amin S, Wagner R, Fieseler H, Rizk A, Schmicke M, Spilke J, Mielenz N, Baumgartner W, Schären-Bannert M, Starke A. Sedation With Xylazine Hydrochloride Decreases the Stress Response in Merino Meat Sheep During Routine Hoof Trimming in a Tilt Table. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.795543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the hoof trimming in sheep in dorsal recumbency implicates a short but intensive stress situation and that the sedation with xylazine causes a decrease in the stress response in this situation. Ten healthy female merino meat sheep were randomly divided into two groups receiving either xylazine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/kg body mass (BM) applied intramuscularly) or a placebo treatment with 0.9% NaCl. Routine hoof trimming was performed in a tilt table and vital signs (rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR)), 33 different behavioral traits and blood cortisol concentrations were recorded throughout the experiment at six different time points (total of 55 min). The procedure itself elicited a clear stress response (increase in the RR, RT, defensive movements, lip twitching, swallowing, and flight behavior). Parallelly, the blood cortisol concentrations were increased, reaching their maximum with 81.5 ng/ml in the control group when the sheep were tilted back into a standing position. In the sedated sheep, no increase in the RR and RT and a decrease in the HR were observed. In addition, the behavioral signs showed a decrease in flight, defensive, and general stress behavior (decrease in licking, movement of head and legs, and sitting on knees), complemented by the serum cortisol concentrations showing 2.28 times reduced concentration at the end of the procedure, compared to the control sheep. The results confirm our hypothesis and support the conduction of future trials investigating the feasibility and benefit of a sedation of sheep prior to routine hoof trimming under practical circumstances.
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Kirihara Y, Takechi M, Kurosaki K, Matsuo H, Kajitani N, Saito Y. Effects of an anesthetic mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol and antagonism by atipamezole in rabbits. Exp Anim 2019; 68:443-452. [PMID: 31092746 PMCID: PMC6842807 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Medetomidine (MED), midazolam (MID), and butorphanol (BUT) mixed anesthetic (MMB) has
been used in laboratory animals since ketamine (KET) was designated as a narcotic in Japan
in 2007. We previously reported that MMB produced anesthetic effects in mice and rats. We
also demonstrated the efficacy of atipamezole (ATI), an antagonist of MED produced a quick
recovery from anesthesia. Anesthetics have various anesthetic effects among different
animal species. However, there is little information regarding its effects in rabbits. In
the present study, we examined anesthetic effects of MMB compared to KET and xylazine
mixed anesthetic (KX). We examined the antagonistic effects of ATI by intramuscular (IM)
or intravenous (IV) injection in rabbits. We used the anesthetic score to measure surgical
anesthetic duration and recovery time from anesthesia. During the experiments, we measured
heart rate, respiratory rate, O2-saturation, and blood pressure. We found there
were no significant differences in anesthetic duration and recovery time between MMB and
KX. There were no significant differences in heart rate after administration of MMB or KX.
Systolic blood pressure at 10 min after administration of MMB was higher than that of KX.
The antagonistic effect of ATI by IV injection worked faster than that by IM injection.
Overall, MMB is a useful drug that can induce similar anesthetic effects to KX and has an
antagonist of ATI that makes rabbits quickly recover from anesthesia. These results may
contribute to the welfare of laboratory animals, especially rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Kirihara
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takechi
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kurosaki
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoji Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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Navarrete-Calvo R, Gómez-Villamandos RJ, Morgaz J, Manuel Domínguez J, Fernández-Sarmiento A, Muñoz-Rascón P, López Villalba I, Del Mar Granados M. Cardiorespiratory, anaesthetic and recovery effects of morphine combined with medetomidine and alfaxalone in rabbits. Vet Rec 2014; 174:95. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Navarrete-Calvo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Scholl of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - R. J. Gómez-Villamandos
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Scholl of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - J. Morgaz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Scholl of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - J. Manuel Domínguez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Scholl of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - A. Fernández-Sarmiento
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Scholl of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - P. Muñoz-Rascón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Scholl of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - I. López Villalba
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Scholl of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - M. Del Mar Granados
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Scholl of Veterinary Medicine; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
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Gil AG, Silván G, Martínez-Fernández L, Illera JC. Effects of different fentanyl anaesthetic mixtures on cortico-adrenal function in rabbits. Vet Rec 2013; 172:213. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. González Gil
- Departamento Fisiología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - G. Silván
- Departamento Fisiología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - L. Martínez-Fernández
- Departamento Fisiología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - J. C. Illera
- Departamento Fisiología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n Madrid 28040 Spain
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Olsson A, Phalen D. Preliminary studies of chemical immobilization of captive juvenile estuarine (Crocodylus porosus) and Australian freshwater (C. johnstoni) crocodiles with medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole. Vet Anaesth Analg 2012; 39:345-56. [PMID: 22642399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a safe, reliable and reversible immobilization protocol for captive juvenile crocodiles. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, clinical study. ANIMALS Thirty male estuarine crocodiles (body mass 1-12.1 kg) and 10 male Australian freshwater crocodiles (body mass 4.1-12.8 kg). METHODS An optimized dose of medetomidine (0.5 mg kg(-1)) was administered intramuscularly (IM) into the tail (Group 1; n = 5), pelvic limb (Group 2; n = 5) and thoracic limb (Groups 3 and 4; n = 5 in each group) of estuarine crocodiles weighing 3-12.1 kg. Their heart and respiratory rates and degree of immobilization were monitored every 15 minutes until recovery and daily thereafter for 3 subsequent days. In Group 4 (n = 5), medetomidine was antagonized with an optimized dose of atipamezole (2.5 mg kg(-1)) given IM into the thoracic limb and time to recovery recorded. The effects of increasing doses of medetomidine given IM in the thoracic limb (n = 4) and intravenously (n = 6) were determined in 1-2 kg estuarine crocodiles. Australian freshwater crocodiles (4.1-12.8 kg) were administered medetomidine IM into the thoracic limb in divided doses at 0.5 mg kg(-1) (n = 5) and 0.75 mg kg(-1) (n = 5) and similarly monitored. RESULTS Immobilization was achieved only in the estuarine crocodiles >3 kg and when medetomidine was administered into the thoracic limb. Immobilization was achieved within 30 minutes and the duration of immobilization lasted approximately 90 minutes. Immobilization in estuarine crocodiles was readily reversed with atipamezole. A dose of 0.75 g kg(-1) was required to immobilize Australian freshwater crocodiles and the onset of immobilization was longer and the duration shorter than seen in the estuarine crocodiles. The heart and respiratory rates of all immobilized animals decreased significantly and arterial blood pressure became undetectable in the animals in which it was measured. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Medetomidine administered in the thoracic limb of captive estuarine and Australian freshwater crocodiles, ranging from 3 to 12.8 kg, provides a predictable onset and duration of immobilization sufficient for physical examination, sample collection, short minor procedures and translocation of the animals. Atipamezole administered in the thoracic limb results in complete reversal of the effects of medetomidine in the estuarine crocodile and a rapid return to normal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Olsson
- Wildlife Health and Conservation Centre, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.
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Sano H, Doi M, Mimuro S, Yu S, Kurita T, Sato S. Evaluation of the hypnotic and hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine on propofol-sedated swine. Exp Anim 2010; 59:199-205. [PMID: 20484853 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.59.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the sedative effect of, and hemodynamic response to dexmedetomidine administration in propofol-sedated swine. Sixteen swine were subjects. After anesthetic induction and preparation, the propofol infusion rate was adjusted to maintain a bispectral index (BIS) value between 55 and 65 (i.e., baseline). With the propofol infusion rate fixed at the baseline rate, dexmedetomidine was infused continuously at a rate of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.7 microg.kg(-1).h(-1) for one hour at each rate. The BIS value and hemodynamic parameters were recorded at each step. Dexmedetomidine decreased the BIS value, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and mixed venous oxygen saturation in a dose-dependent manner. The systemic vascular resistance (SVR) did not change, but the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased. Oxygen delivery (DO(2)) and oxygen consumption (VO(2)) decreased. A small dose of dexmedetomidine (0.2 microg.kg(-1).h(-1)) greatly enhanced the sedative effects of propofol with only small changes in hemodynamics and systemic oxygen balance, suggesting it may be useful in reducing the propofol dose requirement. However, dexmedetomidine 0.4 microg.kg(-1).h (-1) suppressed cardiac contractility, and 0.7 microg.kg(-1).h(-1) induced hemodynamic instability and further systemic oxygen imbalance while the additional sedative effect was limited. A lower dose of dexmedetomidine may be recommended when using it in combination with propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sano
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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Langoi D, Mwethera P, Abelson K, Farah I, Carlsson H. Reversal of Ketamine/Xylazine combination anesthesia by Atipamezole in olive baboons (Papio anubis). J Med Primatol 2009; 38:404-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jang HS, Lee MG. Atipamezole changes the antinociceptive effects of butorphanol after medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in rats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009; 36:591-6. [PMID: 19845932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of atipamezole administered before butorphanol, on tail-flick latency (TFL) and also following medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in rats. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized experimental study. ANIMALS Thirty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 260-390 g. METHODS TFL in 50 degrees C water was used to measure antinociception. In the first experiment, rats received saline (n = 5) or atipamezole (n = 5) followed by butorphanol treatments. In the second experiment, three groups of rats received saline (n = 8), atipamezole (n = 8) or atimpamezole (n = 8) followed by butorphanol 60 minutes after medetomidine-ketamine administration. RESULTS In the first experiment, butorphanol significantly increased TFL compared to baseline. Atipamezole significantly decreased this effect. In the second experiment, TFL was significantly increased after recovery from medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia compared to baseline. This was almost completely blocked by atipamezole. Atipamezole with butorphanol after recovery from the anaesthesia significantly reduced TFL compared to saline but still significantly increased TFL compared to the baseline. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Atipamezole attenuated the analgesic effects of butorphanol. When postoperative atipamezole is used to hasten recovery from anaesthesia in rats, it may interfere with the postoperative analgesic effect of butorphanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Soo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Jang HS, Choi HS, Lee SH, Jang KH, Lee MG. Evaluation of the anaesthetic effects of medetomidine and ketamine in rats and their reversal with atipamezole. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009; 36:319-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barrasa JLM, Rodríguez NS, Rodríguez-Pérez JC, Hidalgo AC, García AT, Camarillo JAI, Santisteban PL, Mireles MB, González MP, Chico BD. Electrocardiographic changes in rats undergoing thoracic surgery under combined parenteral anesthesia. Lab Anim (NY) 2008; 37:469-74. [DOI: 10.1038/laban1008-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fontes-Sousa APN, Brás-Silva C, Moura C, Areias JC, Leite-Moreira AF. M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic reference values for male New Zealand white rabbits. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:1725-9. [PMID: 17014323 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.10.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic reference values in healthy New Zealand white rabbits. ANIMALS 52 healthy male rabbits. PROCEDURES The rabbits were anesthetized and M-mode measurements of the left ventricle, left atrium, and aorta and Doppler measurements of pulmonary and aortic outflow and mitral inflow were recorded. RESULTS Mean +/- SD heart rate during echocardiographic examination was 155 +/- 29 beats/min. Mean +/- SD measurements in diastole and systole for the interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular internal diameter, and left ventricular free wall thickness were 2.03 +/- 0.37 mm and 3.05 +/- 0.45 mm; 14.37 +/- 1.49 mm and 10.25 +/- 1.22 mm; and 2.16 +/- 0.25 and 3.48 +/- 0.55 mm, respectively. Mean +/- SD left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio was 1.17 +/- 0.14, and mean +/- SD mitral valve E-point-to-septal separation interval was 1.71 +/- 0.29 mm. Mean +/- SD for fractional shortening and ejection fraction were 30.13 +/- 2.98% and 61.29 +/- 4.66%, respectively. Mean +/- SD maximal aortic and pulmonary artery outflow velocities were 0.85 +/- 0.11 m/s and 0.59 +/- 0.10 m/s, respectively, and the peak E-to-peak A wave velocity ratio of the mitral valve was 2.19 +/- 0.46. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results provide echocardiographic reference values for young adult male New Zealand white rabbits anesthetized with ketamine and medetomidine. Values obtained from unanesthetized rabbits, rabbits sedated with other agents, or rabbits of different size may differ from those reported here.
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