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Chen I, Hsu LS, Yao CS, Chang JT, Wang HP, Fang NW. Risk factors for urinary tract infection in infants with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia: a single center case-control study. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1332052. [PMID: 38333085 PMCID: PMC10850320 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1332052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a potential cause of neonatal jaundice. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of consensus regarding appropriate screening practices for UTI in infants with hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to analyze a group of jaundiced infants to assess the prevalence of UTI, explore potential risk factors, and examine the impact of UTI on the course and severity of neonatal jaundice. Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 150 jaundiced infants (aged < 8 weeks) without a known etiology in the hyperbilirubinemia work-up. All subjects underwent phototherapy treatment and UTI screening by catheterization. They were then classified into UTI and non-UTI groups based on urine culture results, with a positive urine culture indicating the growth of ≥10,000 colony-forming units. The clinical characteristics and jaundice-related parameters of both groups were analyzed. Results Among the 150 jaundiced patients, the prevalence of UTI was 29%. There was a significantly higher male predominance in the UTI group, and patients with UTI also had a significantly longer duration of hospitalization compared to those without UTI. Significant risk factors associated with UTI in jaundiced infants included male gender and a peak total bilirubin level higher than 18 mg/dl during hospitalization. The most common pathogens identified in urine culture were Escherichia coli (41.9%) and Enterococcus faecalis (30.2%). Conclusion In cases of neonatal jaundice where the underlying cause is not evident, screening for UTI should be performed, particularly when associated risk factors or inadequate response to phototherapy is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing Chen
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sang Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Sin Yao
- Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Tzong Chang
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pingtung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Thattil SJ, Ajith T. Bacteriological and antibiotic profile of infection among infants in the post-neonatal period at a tertiary care hospital in South India. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-03-2020-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeSevere bacterial infection is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Geographical-based demographic laboratory and clinical data are required to get a conclusion about the bacterial infection and their antibiotic susceptibility for the empiric antibiotic treatment in infants who presented with suspected infection. This study was aimed to find the most prevalent bacterial infection and antibiotic sensitivity among infants in the post-neonatal period presented at a tertiary care centre in South India.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was designed among infants (29 days to 1 year old) presented with suspected infection in the paediatric department. Infants with positive culture report were analysed for the bacteriological and antibiotic profile from the medical records. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined for the isolated bacteria according to standard procedure and data statically analysed.FindingsTotal of 218 samples (138 male and 80 female) were analysed. Most of the samples (171/218, 78.4%) were throat swab (p = 0.0247). Only one sample was cerebrospinal fluid from case of meningitis. Sample from upper RTI was major (162/218, 74.3%) with male dominance followed by stool samples from cases of diarrhoea (22/218, 10.0%). Staphylococcus aureus was the major organism identified in 46/171 (26.9 %) throat swabs. The most sensitive antibiotic against bacteria isolated from throat swab and CSF was gentamicin and cloxacillin. Netilmicin and piperacillin plus tazobactam were the sensitive antibiotics against bacteria isolated from stool, ear secretion and urine samples.Originality/valueUpper RTI was the prevalent bacterial infection followed by diarrhoea in infants in the post-neonatal period. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the common organism identified in the overall report followed by E. coli and S. aureus. Community-based awareness should be provided to follow good hygiene regularly in child care. Furthermore, avoid delay in seeking treatment and provide the medicine prescribed at the right time and in the right dose to limit the morbidity and bacterial resistance.
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Woll C, Neuman MI, Pruitt CM, Wang ME, Shapiro ED, Shah SS, McCulloh RJ, Nigrovic LE, Desai S, DePorre AG, Leazer RC, Marble RD, Balamuth F, Feldman EA, Sartori L, Browning WL, Aronson PL. Epidemiology and Etiology of Invasive Bacterial Infection in Infants ≤60 Days Old Treated in Emergency Departments. J Pediatr 2018; 200:210-217.e1. [PMID: 29784512 PMCID: PMC6109608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To help guide empiric treatment of infants ≤60 days old with suspected invasive bacterial infection by describing pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of infants ≤60 days old with invasive bacterial infection (bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis) evaluated in the emergency departments of 11 children's hospitals between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2016. Each site's microbiology laboratory database or electronic medical record system was queried to identify infants from whom a bacterial pathogen was isolated from either blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Medical records of these infants were reviewed to confirm the presence of a pathogen and to obtain demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. RESULTS Of the 442 infants with invasive bacterial infection, 353 (79.9%) had bacteremia without meningitis, 64 (14.5%) had bacterial meningitis with bacteremia, and 25 (5.7%) had bacterial meningitis without bacteremia. The peak number of cases of invasive bacterial infection occurred in the second week of life; 364 (82.4%) infants were febrile. Group B streptococcus was the most common pathogen identified (36.7%), followed by Escherichia coli (30.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.7%), and Enterococcus spp (6.6%). Overall, 96.8% of pathogens were susceptible to ampicillin plus a third-generation cephalosporin, 96.0% to ampicillin plus gentamicin, and 89.2% to third-generation cephalosporins alone. CONCLUSIONS For most infants ≤60 days old evaluated in a pediatric emergency department for suspected invasive bacterial infection, the combination of ampicillin plus either gentamicin or a third-generation cephalosporin is an appropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment regimen. Of the pathogens isolated from infants with invasive bacterial infection, 11% were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Woll
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Emergency Medicine, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mark I. Neuman
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher M. Pruitt
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Marie E. Wang
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Eugene D. Shapiro
- Departments of Pediatrics, of Epidemiology, and of Investigative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Samir S. Shah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Russell J. McCulloh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO,Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lise. E. Nigrovic
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sanyukta Desai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Adrienne G. DePorre
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Rianna C. Leazer
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Richard D. Marble
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Frances Balamuth
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Laura Sartori
- Divisions of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Whitney L. Browning
- Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Paul L. Aronson
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Emergency Medicine, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Address Correspondence to: Paul L. Aronson, MD, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 100 York Street, Suite 1F, New Haven, CT, 06511. Phone: 203-785-3849, Fax: 203-737-7447,
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Pantell RH, Roberts KB, Greenhow TL, Pantell MS. Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Febrile Infants: Challenging Tradition. Adv Pediatr 2018; 65:173-208. [PMID: 30053923 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Pantell
- Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, 1319 Punahou Street, Honolulu, HI 96824, USA.
| | | | - Tara L Greenhow
- Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, 2200 O'Farrell St, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Matthew S Pantell
- University of California San Francisco, Suite 465, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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