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Diaconu ID, Gheorman V, Grigorie GA, Gheonea C, Tenea-Cojan TS, Mahler B, Voropanov IA, Firoiu MC, Pîrvu AS, Popescu AB, Văruț R. A Comprehensive Look at the Development of Asthma in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:581. [PMID: 38790577 PMCID: PMC11120211 DOI: 10.3390/children11050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory condition affecting millions of children globally, presents a significant health challenge. This review critically examines the developmental pathways of asthma in children, focusing on genetic, environmental, and early-life determinants. Specifically, we explore the impact of prenatal and postnatal factors such as maternal smoking, nutrition, respiratory infections, and allergen exposure on asthma development. Our analysis highlights the intricate interplay of these influences and their contribution to childhood asthma. Moreover, we emphasize targeted strategies and interventions to mitigate its burden, including genetic counseling for at-risk families, environmental modifications to reduce triggers, and early-life immunomodulation. By delving into these preventive measures and interventions, our review aims to provide actionable insights for healthcare professionals in developing tailored strategies to address the complexities of childhood asthma. In summary, this article offers a detailed examination of asthma development in children, aiming to enhance understanding and inform efforts to reduce its burden through targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Diana Diaconu
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str., 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Veronica Gheorman
- Department of Medical Semiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str., 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Grigorie
- Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str., 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Cristian Gheonea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str., 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Tiberiu-Stefanita Tenea-Cojan
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, CFR Hospital of Craiova, Stirbei-Voda Str., 200374 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Beatrice Mahler
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine “Carol Davila”, “Marius Nasta” Institute of Pneumoftiziology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ion Alexandru Voropanov
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Marius Nasta” Institute of Pneumoftiziology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Cristian Firoiu
- Department of Urology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sos. Fundeni nr. 258, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andreea Silvia Pîrvu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Bogdan Popescu
- Radiology Department, Targoviste County Emergency Hospital, Tudor Vladimirescu 48 Str., 130083 Targoviste, Romania;
| | - Renata Văruț
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rareş Street 2-4, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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Fiocchi A, Cabana MD, Mennini M. Current Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2219-2242. [PMID: 35792336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. This review updates the reader on studies aimed at influencing allergic diseases through modulation of the gut microflora. A nonsystematic review of the literature was performed, focusing on relevant trials evaluating the effect of probiotics/prebiotics/symbiotics in the prevention and treatment of allergic disease. For each allergic disease, we were able to find not only a substantial number of clinical trials but also systematic reviews. Specific guidelines, based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, are available for the prevention of allergic disease and for the treatment of food allergy. In each of the areas examined-allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and gastrointestinal allergies-there are substantial uncertainties in the efficacy of gut microflora modulation in prevention and treatment. At present, practicing clinicians can avail themselves of intestinal flora modulators as an adjunct in the prevention of atopic dermatitis but not of other forms of allergic diseases. Their effects on the treatment of allergic diseases remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fiocchi
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michael D Cabana
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY
| | - Maurizio Mennini
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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