Heifers and multiparous cows are affected by Dystocia and its implications on the viability of the pregnancy

Dystocia considers one of the most common obstetrical problems in cattle, especially in heifers; the current study achieved to demonstrate Dystocia's impact on the viability of the fetus in heifers and cows. The study involved 15 multiparous cows aged 3-7 years and 10 heifers; these animals suffered abnormality calving. The study showed Dystocia higher significantly (P≤0.01) in 15 (60%) multiparous cows than 10 (40%) heifers; also, the rate of difficult male birth was greater 7 (70%) than in difficult female birth were 3 (30%) in heifer animals. Heifer had difficult male birth with the anterior presentation of the fetus was 5 (71.42%), higher than with posterior presentation fetus 2 (28.58%). One heifer cow (20%) had difficult male birth with flexion of the elbow joint in the anterior presentation alive fetus, whilst the heifer cows had difficult male birth with flexion of the elbow joint dead fetus were 2 (40%) with significant difference towards dead fetus at(P≤0.01). The number of heifers that had a problematic female birth with anterior presentation and flexion of the shoulder joint of an alive fetus was 1 (33.34%). In contrast, one heifer (33.33%) with a transverse presentation of a female dead fetus and one heifer (33.33%) had difficult female birth with posterior presentation and incomplete extension of hind limbs alive fetuses with a significant difference towards dead fetuses at (P≤0.05). The number of multiparous cows that had difficult male births was 8 (53.34%), and those that had difficult female births were (7) (46.66%). The multiparous cows have difficult male births with anterior and flexion of elbow joints, with a down deviation of head alive fetuses and back head, live fetuses were (37.5%), (12.5%) and (12.5%) respectively, with significant differences among these categories towards alive fetuses at (P≤0.01). The number of multiparous cows had difficult female birth with anterior presentation alive fetus, and uterine inertia was 1 (14.28%), whereas the multiparous cows had difficult female birth with anterior presentation and down deviation of fetus's head was 4 (57.14%) (3 alive fetus+1dead fetuses). With a significant difference among these categories towards live fetuses at (P≤0.01). The study concluded that Dystocia is a severe joint event in cows; the flexion of the elbow joint and head-down deviation in the anterior presentation of the fetus are common types of Dystocia, whilst the more common types of Dystocia are an incomplete extension of hind limbs in the birth canal in the posterior presentation, with variable effects of these types of Dystocia on fetal viability. Keywords: Calving abnormality, Dystocia, Fetal viability, Dairy cows

Characterization of dystocia in a herd of Holstein dairy cows in Brazil

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize calvings with low and high difficulty based on the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Calvings were grouped in no calving assistance, calving with low assistance, and calving with high assistance. The original data set comprised 1,902 calving records obtained from a large dairy farm in Southeast Brazil. Factor analysis was applied using the SAS® Studio 3.8 statistical program through the factor procedure, considering the Multivariate Analysis category. Milk fat (0.92–0.79) and total solids (0.91–0.80) were strongly correlated with Factor 1. Calving interval (0.87– 0.68) and the number of AI (artificial inseminations) per conception (0.87–0.71) showed high correlations with Factor 2. Milk yield (0.84–0.76) and accumulated milk yield (0.84–0.77) were strongly correlated with Factor 3. Based on the results, we conclude that the three calving scenarios were characterized by well-defined and independent factors. Cows which required a high assistance at calving showed a lower variance explained by the model for milk fat and total solids contents, calving interval, and the number of AIs per conception.

Caracterização da distocia em um rebanho de vacas da raça Holandesa no Brasil

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os partos com leve ou severa dificuldade e diferenciá-los com base no desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras. Os partos foram agrupados em partos sem assistência, partos com baixa assistência e partos com elevada assistência. O banco de dados original continha 1902 registro de partos que foram obtidos de uma grande fazenda comercial localizada no Sudeste do Brasil. A análise fatorial foi aplicada através do programa estatístico SAS® Studio 3.8 por meio de procedimento fatorial, considerando a categoria de análise multivariada. Os teores de gordura do leite (0,92– 0,79) e de sólidos totais (0,91–0,80) foram altamente correlacionados com o fator 1. Intervalo entre partos (0,87–0,68) e número de IA (inseminações artificiais) por concepção (0,87–0,71) apresentaram alta correlação com o fator 2. Produção de leite (0,84–0,76) e produção acumulada de leite (0,84–0,77) foram altamente correlacionados com o fator 3. Baseados nos resultados, é possível concluir que as três situações de parto foram caracterizadas por fatores independentes e bem definidos. Vacas que necessitaram de alta assistência ao parto apresentaram menor variância explicada pelo modelo para teores de gordura e sólidos totais do leite, intervalo entre partos e número de IA por concepção.