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Styk J, Buglyó G, Pös O, Csók Á, Soltész B, Lukasz P, Repiská V, Nagy B, Szemes T. Extracellular Nucleic Acids in the Diagnosis and Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153712. [PMID: 35954375 PMCID: PMC9367600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease that usually shows no evident clinical symptoms in the early stages, often leading to late diagnosis. Over the past few years, a new approach based on liquid biopsy has gained far-reaching applications in less-invasive CRC diagnosis and management, allowing for the use of extracellular nucleic acids as promising biomarkers to detect CRC at an early stage and monitor disease recurrence. That is why an up-to-date review and discussion of in-depth liquid biopsy-derived DNA and RNA biomarkers is essential. We hereby offer an overview of known predisposing genetic factors for developing sporadic and hereditary CRC, and an extensive repertoire of available extracellular DNA/RNA molecules with their potential clinical applications and shortcomings. Our review may be of value to experts dealing with CRC at the molecular level as well as to clinical professionals aiming for a better understanding of state-of-the-art techniques in CRC diagnosis and management. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common malignant neoplasm worldwide, with more than two million new cases diagnosed yearly. Despite increasing efforts in screening, many cases are still diagnosed at a late stage, when mortality is high. This paper briefly reviews known genetic causes of CRC (distinguishing between sporadic and familial forms) and discusses potential and confirmed nucleic acid biomarkers obtainable from liquid biopsies, classified by their molecular features, focusing on clinical relevance. We comment on advantageous aspects such as better patient compliance due to blood sampling being minimally invasive, the possibility to monitor mutation characteristics of sporadic and hereditary CRC in a disease showing genetic heterogeneity, and using up- or down-regulated circulating RNA markers to reveal metastasis or disease recurrence. Current difficulties and thoughts on some possible future directions are also discussed. We explore current evidence in the field pointing towards the introduction of personalized CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Styk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (B.N.); (T.S.)
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (Á.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Ondrej Pös
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (B.N.); (T.S.)
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ádám Csók
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (Á.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (Á.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Peter Lukasz
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Vanda Repiská
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Medirex Group Academy, n.p.o., 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (B.N.); (T.S.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (Á.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Tomáš Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (B.N.); (T.S.)
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Adusei E, Ahenkorah J, Adu-Aryee NA, Adutwum-Ofosu KK, Tagoe EA, Koney NKK, Nkansah E, Aryee NA, Blay RM, Hottor BA, Clegg-Lamptey JN, Arko-Boham B. Reduced Serum Circulation of Cell-Free DNA Following Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9020037. [PMID: 34070520 PMCID: PMC8163010 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with alarming mortalities. Neoadjuvant treatments employ chemotherapy to shrink tumours to a well-defined size for a better surgical outcome. The current means of assessing effectiveness of chemotherapy management are imprecise. We previously showed that breast cancer patients have higher serum circulating cell-free DNA concentrations. cfDNA is degraded cellular DNA fragments released into the bloodstream. We further report on the utility of cfDNA in assessing the response to chemotherapy and its potential as a monitoring biomarker. A total of 32 newly diagnosed and treatment-naive female breast cancer patients and 32 healthy females as controls were included. Anthropometric, demographic and clinicopathological information of participants were recorded. Each participant donated 5 mL of venous blood from which sera were separated. Blood sampling was carried out before the commencement of chemotherapy (timepoint 1) and after the third cycle of chemotherapy (timepoint 2). qPCR was performed on the sera to quantify ALU 115 and 247 levels, and DNA integrity (ALU247/ALU115) was determined. ALU 115 and 247 levels were elevated in cancer patients but were significantly decreased after the third cycle of chemotherapy (T2) compared to T1. DNA integrity increased after the third cycle. Serum cfDNA may provide a relatively inexpensive and minimally invasive procedure to evaluate the response to chemotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Adusei
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (E.A.); (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.); (N.K.-K.K.); (E.N.); (R.M.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - John Ahenkorah
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (E.A.); (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.); (N.K.-K.K.); (E.N.); (R.M.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Nii Armah Adu-Aryee
- Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (N.A.A.-A.); (J.-N.C.-L.)
- Department of Surgery, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle Bu, Accra P.O. Box 77, Ghana
| | - Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (E.A.); (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.); (N.K.-K.K.); (E.N.); (R.M.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box KB 143, Ghana;
| | - Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (E.A.); (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.); (N.K.-K.K.); (E.N.); (R.M.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Emmanuel Nkansah
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (E.A.); (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.); (N.K.-K.K.); (E.N.); (R.M.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Nii Ayite Aryee
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana;
| | - Richard Michael Blay
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (E.A.); (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.); (N.K.-K.K.); (E.N.); (R.M.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Bismarck Afedo Hottor
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (E.A.); (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.); (N.K.-K.K.); (E.N.); (R.M.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey
- Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (N.A.A.-A.); (J.-N.C.-L.)
- Department of Surgery, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle Bu, Accra P.O. Box 77, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Arko-Boham
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box GP 4236, Ghana; (E.A.); (J.A.); (K.K.A.-O.); (N.K.-K.K.); (E.N.); (R.M.B.); (B.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233-200120709
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