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Niama FR, Vidal N, Diop-Ndiaye H, Nguimbi E, Ahombo G, Diakabana P, Bayonne Kombo ÉS, Mayengue PI, Kobawila SC, Parra HJ, Toure-Kane C. HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:243. [PMID: 28679441 PMCID: PMC5498887 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, we investigated the genetic diversity of HIV-1 and the presence of mutations conferring antiretroviral drug resistance in 50 drug-naïve infected persons in the Republic of Congo (RoC). Samples were obtained before large-scale access to HAART in 2002 and 2004. METHODS To assess the HIV-1 genetic recombination, the sequencing of the pol gene encoding a protease and partial reverse transcriptase was performed and analyzed with updated references, including newly characterized CRFs. The assessment of drug resistance was conducted according to the WHO protocol. RESULTS Among the 50 samples analyzed for the pol gene, 50% were classified as intersubtype recombinants, charring complex structures inside the pol fragment. Five samples could not be classified (noted U). The most prevalent subtypes were G with 10 isolates and D with 11 isolates. One isolate of A, J, H, CRF05, CRF18 and CRF37 were also found. Two samples (4%) harboring the mutations M230L and Y181C associated with the TAMs M41L and T215Y, respectively, were found. CONCLUSION This first study in the RoC, based on WHO classification, shows that the threshold of transmitted drug resistance before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy is 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Roch Niama
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire, BP 120 Avenue du Général De Gaule, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. .,Laboratoire de Bactériologie et Virologie, Hôpital Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal. .,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
| | - Nicole Vidal
- IRD_UMI 233 TransVIHMI, Délégation Régionale Occitanie 911 avenue Agropolis, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Etienne Nguimbi
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire, BP 120 Avenue du Général De Gaule, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Gabriel Ahombo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Philippe Diakabana
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Pembe Issamou Mayengue
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire, BP 120 Avenue du Général De Gaule, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Simon-Charles Kobawila
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Henri Joseph Parra
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire, BP 120 Avenue du Général De Gaule, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Coumba Toure-Kane
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie et Virologie, Hôpital Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
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Kanizsai S, Ongrádi J, Aradi J, Nagy K. Thiolated pyrimidine nucleotides may interfere thiol groups concentrated at lipid rafts of HIV-1 infected cells. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2014; 61:447-58. [PMID: 25496973 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.61.2014.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Upon HIV infection, cells become activated and cell surface thiols are present in increased number. Earlier we demonstrated in vitro anti-HIV effect of thiolated pyrimidine nucleotide UD29, which interferes thiol function. To further analyse the redox processes required for HIV-1 entry and infection, toxicity assays were performed using HIV-1 infected monolayer HeLaCD4-LTR/ β-gal cells and suspension H9 T cells treated with several thiolated nucleotide derivatives of UD29. Selective cytotoxicity of thiolated pyrimidines on HIV-1 infected cells were observed. Results indicate that thiolated pyrimidine derivates may interfere with -SH (thiol) groups concentrated in lipid rafts of cell membrane and interacts HIV-1 infected (activated) cells resulting in a selective cytotoxicity of HIV-1 infected cells, and reducing HIV-1 entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Kanizsai
- 1 Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary
| | - Joseph Ongrádi
- 1 Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary
| | - János Aradi
- 2 Debrecen University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Debrecen Hungary
| | - Károly Nagy
- 1 Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary
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Kanizsai S, Ghidán Á, Ongrádi J, Nagy K. Antiretroviral effect of 4-thio-uridylate against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2012. [PMID: 23195558 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.59.2012.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral effect of thiolated nucleotide 4-thio-uridylate (S4UMP, designated as UD29) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been quantitatively determined in cell-based viral infectivity assays. In syntitium inhibition assay on MT-2 human T-cell line UD29 prevented cell fusion and formation of syntitia induced by HIV-1IIIB with IC50 values of 11.7 μg/ml. In a single-cycle viral infection assay (MAGI assay) UD29 proved to have a potent inhibitory effect against HIV-1IIIB on HeLaCD4-LTR/β-gal cells, which was dose dependent with IC50 values of 4.75 μg/ml and IC90 of 39.7 μg/ml. UD29 showed a most prominent antiviral effect when administered 30 min prior HIV-1 infection. As HIV entry requires thiol/disulfide exchange process, results suggest that reactive -SH group of enol-form of the thiolated nucleotide may interfere with the function of cell surface proteins. UD29 cannot penetrate into cells and may have an interactive role in redox processes active in viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Kanizsai
- 1 Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary
| | - Ágoston Ghidán
- 1 Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary
| | - Joseph Ongrádi
- 1 Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary
| | - Károly Nagy
- 1 Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary
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Sungkanuparph S, Oyomopito R, Sirivichayakul S, Sirisanthana T, Li PCK, Kantipong P, Lee CKC, Kamarulzaman A, Messerschmidt L, Law MG, Phanuphak P. HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients in Asia: results from the TREAT Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance-Monitoring Study. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:1053-7. [PMID: 21460324 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Of 682 antiretroviral-naïve patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in a prospective, multicenter human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance monitoring study involving 8 sites in Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Thailand, the prevalence of patients with ≥1 drug resistance mutation was 13.8%. Primary HIV drug resistance is emerging after rapid scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy use in Asia.
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Avi R, Huik K, Pauskar M, Ustina V, Karki T, Krispin T, Ainsalu K, Paap P, Schmidt J, Nikitina N, Lutsar I. Emerging transmitted drug resistance in treatment-naïve human immunodeficiency virus-1 CRF06_cpx-infected patients in Estonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 43:122-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2010.526956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kanizsai S, Ghidán A, Ujhelyi E, Bánhegyi D, Nagy K. Monitoring of drug resistance in therapy-naïve HIV infected patients and detection of African HIV subtypes in Hungary. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2010; 57:55-68. [PMID: 20350879 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.57.2010.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the HIV-1 pol gene associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs in therapy-naïve Hungarian individuals transmitted as primary infection by their foreign sexual partners originated from African, Asian and other European countries had been analyzed. Drug resistance genotyping of HIV RT and PR genes were performed where mutations of 72 codons - among them 64 specific resistance codons representing 6 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs), 2 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) and 6 proteinase inhibitor (PRIs) drugs - had been analyzed by Truegene HIV-1 Genotyping kit and OpenGene Sequencing System. Viral variants harboring resistance mutations in the po l gene were detected in 14% of the subjects. The highest rate of resistance to a single class of inhibitors was detected towards PR inhibitors (12%), followed by NRTI (8%) and NNRTI (5%). On the contrary, 25% of viruses transmitted by homosexual activity contained mutations led to resistance to NNRT. Viruses from 11 percent of cases were resistant to 2 classes of inhibitors, and 7 percent to three classes of inhibitors. Based upon sequence data non-B subtypes and CRFs were detected in more than 71% of cases. HIV-1 C (10.7%), HIV-F1 (7.2%) and HIV-1 G (3.6%) were detected as the more frequent subtypes. Among the HIV-1 recombinant viruses CRF02_AG variants were found more frequently (28.5%) followed by CRF06_cpx (17.8%) indicating penetration of non-B subtypes and recombinant African variants into Hungary, which raises serious clinical and public health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Kanizsai
- Semmelweis University Institute of Medical Microbiology Budapest Hungary
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