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Azuddin NF, Mohamad Noor Azmy MS, Zakaria L. Molecular identification of endophytic fungi in lawn grass (Axonopus compressus) and their pathogenic ability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4239. [PMID: 36918601 PMCID: PMC10015033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lawn grass (Axonopus compressus) is a widely distributed grass species from the family Poaceae that is ubiquitous in Malaysia. We isolated endophytic fungi from the leaves of A. compressus and molecularly identified them as Fusarium parceramosum, Colletotrichum siamense, C. gigasporum, C. endophyticum, Curvularia lunata, Stagonospora bicolor, Calonectria gracilis, and Albifimbria verrucari. These fungal endophytes are considered host generalists, as they have been isolated from other plants and have also been reported to be latent plant pathogens. We tested the pathogenicity of selected endophytic fungal isolates on A. compressus leaves, chili (Capsicum annum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and found that they were pathogenic to wounded A. compressus leaves with low to moderate virulence, and several were pathogenic to wounded and unwounded chili and tomato fruits. This indicated that the endophytes could infect both vegetable fruits with low to very high virulence. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that endophytic fungi from the leaves of A. compressus can become pathogenic and infect the host and other plant species. The findings also indicated that leaves of A. compressus may harbor pathogens with latent ability that can become active due to changes in environmental conditions, thereby disrupting the balance between host-endophyte antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Farizah Azuddin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Latiffah Zakaria
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
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Akhmetova GK, Knapp DG, Özer G, O'Donnell K, Laraba I, Kiyas A, Zabolotskich V, Kovács GM, Molnár O. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic-led discovery and formal recognition of four novel root-colonizing Fusarium species from northern Kazakhstan and the phylogenetically divergent Fusarium steppicola lineage. Mycologia 2023; 115:16-31. [PMID: 36441982 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2119761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, DNA sequence data were used to characterize 290 Fusarium strains isolated during a survey of root-colonizing endophytic fungi of agricultural and nonagricultural plants in northern Kazakhstan. The Fusarium collection was screened for species identity using partial translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) gene sequences. Altogether, 16 different Fusarium species were identified, including eight known and four novel species, as well as the discovery of the phylogenetically divergent F. steppicola lineage. Isolates of the four putatively novel fusaria were further analyzed phylogenetically with a multilocus data set comprising partial sequences of TEF1, RNA polymerase II largest (RPB1) and second-largest (RPB2) subunits, and calmodulin (CaM) to assess their genealogical exclusivity. Based on the molecular phylogenetic and comprehensive morphological analyses, four new species are formally described herein: F. campestre, F. kazakhstanicum, F. rhizicola, and F. steppicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galiya K Akhmetova
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Soil and Crop Management, A.I. Barayev Research and Production Center for Grain Farming, 021601 Shortandy, Kazakhstan
| | - Dániel G Knapp
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Göksel Özer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - Imane Laraba
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - Aldabergen Kiyas
- Department of Soil and Crop Management, A.I. Barayev Research and Production Center for Grain Farming, 021601 Shortandy, Kazakhstan
| | - Vladimir Zabolotskich
- Department of Soil and Crop Management, A.I. Barayev Research and Production Center for Grain Farming, 021601 Shortandy, Kazakhstan
| | - Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Molnár
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
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Nichea MJ, Proctor RH, Probyn CE, Palacios SA, Cendoya E, Sulyok M, Chulze SN, Torres AM, Ramirez ML. Fusarium chaquense, sp. nov, a novel type A trichothecene-producing species from native grasses in a wetland ecosystem in Argentina. Mycologia 2021; 114:46-62. [PMID: 34871141 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1987102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Chaco wetland is among the most biologically diverse regions in Argentina. In collections of fungi from asymptomatic native grasses (Poaceae) from the wetlands, we identified isolates of Fusarium that were morphologically similar to F. armeniacum, but distinct from it by their production of abundant microconidia. All the isolates had identical, or nearly identical, partial sequences of TEF1 and RPB2. But they were distinct from reference sequences from F. armeniacum and Fusarium species closely related to it. Phylogenetic analysis of 34 full-length housekeeping gene sequences retrieved from whole genome sequences of three Chaco wetland isolates, 29 genes resolved the isolates as an exclusive clade within the F. sambucinum species complex. Based on results of the morphological and phylogenetic analysis, we concluded that the Chaco wetland isolates are a distinct and novel species, herein described as Fusarium chaquense, sp. nov., which is closely related to F. armeniacum. F. chaquense in culture can produce the trichothecenes T-2 and HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, and monoacetoxyscirpenol, as well as beauvericin and the pigment aurofusarin. Genome sequence analysis also revealed the presence of three previously described loci required for trichothecene biosynthesis. This research represents the first study of Fusarium in a natural ecosystem in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Nichea
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - Robert H Proctor
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - Crystal E Probyn
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - Sofía A Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Cendoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Sofía N Chulze
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - Adriana M Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
| | - María L Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina
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Magyar D, Tischner Z, Páldy A, Kocsubé S, Dancsházy Z, Halász Á, Kredics L. Impact of global megatrends on the spread of microscopic fungi in the Pannonian Biogeographical Region. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fulcher MR, Winans JB, Quan M, Bergstrom GC. The Incidence of Fusarium graminearum in Wild Grasses is Associated With Rainfall and Cumulative Host Density in New York. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2681-2687. [PMID: 32749945 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-20-0286-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The movement of plant pathogens between cultivated and natural host communities can result in lost agricultural production and altered microbial or plant biodiversity. Fusarium graminearum incidence was studied in wild grass hosts for 3 years to better understand the ecology of this plant pathogen at the interface of crop fields and nonagricultural environments. Research sites (n = 23) were spread between regions of high and low agricultural production and included both agricultural and nonagricultural fields. Pathogen incidence in living grass spikes and senesced, overwintered stems varied between regions of New York and was lowest in a region with sparser agricultural production (P = 0.001). However, pathogen incidence within regions was similar at both agricultural and nonagricultural sites. The groundcover of crop and wild hosts within 1 km of sample sites were equally effective predictors of pathogen incidence, indicating either host group may drive pathogen spread. Rainfall in the 8 weeks preceding sample collection was strongly correlated with F. graminearum incidence in grasses, as well as an increased prevalence of F. graminearum in Fusarium spp. communities (P = 0.001). Grass species diversity was not associated with a reduction in pathogen incidence, and F. graminearum incidence did not vary among the most well-sampled grasses. These results indicate the pathogen colonizes and spreads in noncultivated grasses in a manner consistent with existing concepts of pathogen epidemiology in cereal crops. Increasing host acreage, whether cultivated or not, could drive the colonization of grasses in remote or protected environments, potentially altering their microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Fulcher
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904
| | - James B Winans
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904
| | - Menchus Quan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904
| | - Gary C Bergstrom
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904
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Štýbnarová M, Křížová L, Pavlok S, Mičová P, Látal O, Pozdíšek J. Nutritive Value and Mycotoxin Contamination of Herbage in Mountain Locality Exposed to Renewed Cattle Grazing. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201664030883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Evaluation of the functional roles of fungal endophytes of Phragmites australis from high saline and low saline habitats. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Nichea M, Cendoya E, Zachetti V, Chiacchiera S, Sulyok M, Krska R, Torres A, Chulze S, Ramirez M. Mycotoxin profile of Fusarium armeniacum isolated from natural grasses intended for cattle feed. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium armeniacum has been found as a saprophyte on natural grasses devoted to cattle feed in Argentina. This species has been reported as highly toxigenic due to the production of trichothecenes type A, but the information available about its toxigenic profile is incomplete. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the toxigenic ability of 50 F. armeniacum isolates recovered from natural grasses using a multitoxin method based on LC-MS/MS. In addition, morphological identification of 15 selected isolates was confirmed by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1α. Out of the 327 metabolites analysed, only 10 were detected: T-2 toxin (T-2), T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, HT-2 toxin (HT-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), neosolaniol (NEO), aurofusarin (AUF), beauvericin (BEA) and zearalenone (ZEA). The most common group of mycotoxins produced by the isolates on rice under laboratory conditions was trichothecenes type A, and some minor Fusarium mycotoxins, such as BEA and AUF. Some isolates were also able to produce ZEA. Among the trichothecene type A, HT-2, T-2, NEO were clearly synthesised at the highest levels and frequency, followed by DAS and MAS. HT-2, T-2, NEO and DAS production was detected in 48 (96%), 47 (94%), 47 (94%) and 38 (76%) isolates, respectively. The ability of F. armeniacum, to produce ZEA and AUF has been demonstrated here for the first time. Given the new information provided about the toxigenic profile of this species, commonly associated with natural grasses in Argentina, the threat to animal health posed by this fungus should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Nichea
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E. Cendoya
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - V.G.L. Zachetti
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S.M. Chiacchiera
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M. Sulyok
- Department IFA-Tulln, BOKU Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - R. Krska
- Department IFA-Tulln, BOKU Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - A.M. Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S.N. Chulze
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M.L. Ramirez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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