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Chin JJ, Lee HM, Lee SY, Lee YY, Chew CH. High Carriage of tetA, sul1, sul2 and bla TEM Resistance Genes among the Multidrug-resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Strains from Malaysian Patients. Trop Life Sci Res 2024; 35:211-225. [PMID: 39234470 PMCID: PMC11371398 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains pose a critical challenge in urinary tract infection (UTI) treatments. However, little work elucidated the resistance mechanisms of the MDR UPEC clinical strains in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes among the UPEC strains. Polymerase chain reactions were conducted to detect the presence of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes among 60 UPEC strains. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 9 antimicrobials were examined through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In this study, the MDR isolates accounted for 40.0% (24/60), with the highest prevalence of resistance towards ampicillin (43/60; 71.7%), followed by tetracycline (31/60; 51.7%), nalidixic acid (30/60; 50.0%), co-trimoxazole (20/60, 33.3%), ciprofloxacin (19/60, 31.7%), levofloxacin (16/60, 21.6%) and chloramphenicol (10/60, 16.7%). In contrast, low resistance rates were observed among minocycline (1/60; 1.7%) and imipenem (0/60; 0.0%). bla TEM was the most prevalent gene (36/60; 60.0%), followed by tetA (27/60; 45.0%), sul2 (25/60; 41.7%), sul1 (13/60; 21.7%) and tetB (8/60; 13.3%). Surprisingly, bla SHV was not detected among the UPEC isolates. The MDR, ampicillin and tetracycline-resistant isolates were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of tetA, sul1, sul2 and bla TEM. In contrast, tetB displayed no significant relationship with any of the antimicrobials tested. The patient's age and gender were not the risk factors for the carriage of the resistance genes. Our findings identified the common resistance genes carried by the antimicrobial resistant UPEC isolates and provide valuable insights into developing the best antibiotic prescription regime to treat UTIs in our local scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jin Chin
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Mei Lee
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shuet-Yi Lee
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yin-Ying Lee
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Choy-Hoong Chew
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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Mathew M, Afthab M, S S, C S, Mathew J, K RE. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among the Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria Isolated on XLD Agar from the Poultry Fecal Samples. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2318-2331. [PMID: 37540287 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Poultry products remain as one of the most popular and extensively consumed foods in the world and the introduction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producing antibiotic resistant bacterial species into it is an emerging challenge. The current study has been designed to analyze the distribution of antibiotic resistance among the H2S producing bacteria isolated from the fecal samples of chickens from different poultry farms. Here, twenty bacterial isolates were selected based on their ability to produce H2S on XLD agar, and the16S rDNA sequencing was carried out for their molecular identification. The results showed the isolates as belong to Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. and in the antibiotic susceptibility test (AST), three of the Salmonella strains were found to be resistant to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, nalidixic acid, and amikacin. Also, fourteen Citrobacter strains showed resistance towards azithromycin, and furthermore, eleven of them were also resistant to streptomycin. Resistance towards tetracycline was observed among five of the Citrobacter strains, and seven were resistant to doxycycline. Further molecular screening by the PCR has showed three of the Salmonella strains along with eight Citrobacter isolates to have tetA gene along with four of the Citrobacter strains to have co-harbored blaTEM gene. The results on biofilm formation have also demonstrated three Salmonella strains along with nine Citrobacter strains to have the ability to form moderate biofilm. The study thus describes the occurrence of H2S producing multidrug-resistant bacteria in poultry feces, which might contribute towards the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes to other microorganisms including human pathogens with likely risk to treat disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mathew
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Muhammed Afthab
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sreejith S
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sandhya C
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Radhakrishnan E K
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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Casaux ML, D'Alessandro B, Vignoli R, Fraga M. Phenotypic and genotypic survey of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy farms in Uruguay. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1055432. [PMID: 36968467 PMCID: PMC10033963 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1055432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important zoonotic pathogen that is frequently identified in dairy farming systems. An increase in antibiotic resistance has led to inadequate results of treatments, with impacts on animal and human health. Here, the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from dairy cattle and dairy farm environments were evaluated and compared. A collection of 75 S. enterica isolates were evaluated, and their phenotypic susceptibility was determined. For genotypic characterization, the whole genomes of the isolates were sequenced, and geno-serotypes, sequence types (STs) and core-genome-sequence types were determined using the EnteroBase pipeline. To characterize antibiotic resistance genes and gene mutations, tools from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology were used. Salmonella Dublin (SDu), S. Typhimurium (STy), S. Anatum (SAn), S. Newport (SNe), S. Agona (Sag), S. Montevideo (SMo) and IIIb 61:i:z53 were included in the collection. A single sequence type was detected per serovar. Phenotypic non-susceptibility to streptomycin and tetracycline was very frequent in the collection, and high non-susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was also observed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 42 isolates (56.0%), with SAn and STy presenting higher MDR than the other serovars, showing non-susceptibility to up to 6 groups of antibiotics. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of 21 genes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolates. More than 60% of the isolates carried some gene associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Only one gene associated with beta-lactam resistance was found, in seven isolates. Two different mutations were identified, parC_T57S and acrB_R717Q, which confer resistance to quinolones and azithromycin, respectively. The accuracy of predicting antimicrobial resistance phenotypes based on AMR genotypes was 83.7%. The genomic approach does not replace the phenotypic assay but offers valuable information for the survey of circulating antimicrobial resistance. This work represents one of the first studies evaluating phenotypic and genotypic AMR in Salmonella from dairy cattle in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Bruno D'Alessandro
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
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Tetracycline-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli from Clinical and Nonclinical Sources in Rivers State, Nigeria. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9192424. [PMID: 35855811 PMCID: PMC9288291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9192424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring the occurrence of tetracycline resistance and its determinants in both clinical and nonclinical settings is essential in understanding the role played by continuous usage of this drug in animal husbandry and the withdrawal of this drug from clinical practice. Limited information is available on this from our locale. This study, therefore, set out to explore the occurrence of specific tetracycline-resistant genes in Escherichia coli from clinical and nonclinical sources in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods Two hundred clinical and nonclinical samples were analyzed for the presence of E. coli using standard phenotypic and genotypic tests. Susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method, and specific tetracycline-resistant genes (tetA, tetB, tetG, and tetM) were assayed. Results Results showed that stool samples had the highest occurrence of E. coli (39, 78%), and soil had the lowest (13, 26%). Tetracycline resistance was observed in 80.7% of total isolates. The tetA genes were the most commonly occurring (n = 80, 89.9%) detected in confirmed E. coli isolates, and tetG, the least commonly occurring (n = 16,18%) of isolates. The combined presence of tetA-tetM was the highest (n = 14, 15.7%), followed by tetA-tetB (n = 13, 14.8%). Conclusion The present study reports on the occurrence and distribution of four tetracycline-resistant determinants in E. coli from clinical and nonclinical sources in Rivers State, Nigeria. The high-level occurrence of the most commonly occurring tetracycline gene even in nonclinical isolates could be indicative of a potential reservoir of this resistance. And, this could limit the reintroduction of tetracycline even in combination therapy.
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Takaichi M, Osawa K, Nomoto R, Nakanishi N, Kameoka M, Miura M, Shigemura K, Kinoshita S, Kitagawa K, Uda A, Miyara T, Mertaniasih NM, Hadi U, Raharjo D, Yulistiani R, Fujisawa M, Kuntaman K, Shirakawa T. Antibiotic Resistance in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Chicken Meat in Indonesia. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050543. [PMID: 35631064 PMCID: PMC9143091 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) has been confirmed in Indonesia by this study. We confirmed the virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical NTS (n = 50) isolated from chicken meat in Indonesia and also detected antimicrobial resistance genes. Of 50 strains, 30 (60%) were non-susceptible to nalidixic acid (NA) and all of them had amino acid mutations in gyrA. Among 27 tetracycline (TC) non-susceptible strains, 22 (81.5%) had tetA and/or tetB. The non-susceptibility rates to ampicillin, gentamicin or kanamycin were lower than that of NA or TC, but the prevalence of blaTEM or aadA was high. Non-susceptible strains showed a high prevalence of virulence genes compared with the susceptible strains (tcfA, p = 0.014; cdtB, p < 0.001; sfbA, p < 0.001; fimA, p = 0.002). S. Schwarzengrund was the most prevalent serotype (23 strains, 46%) and the most frequently detected as multi-antimicrobial resistant. The prevalence of virulence genes in S. Schwarzengrund was significantly higher than other serotypes in hlyE (p = 0.011) and phoP/Q (p = 0.011) in addition to the genes above. In conclusion, NTS strains isolated from Indonesian chicken had a high resistance to antibiotics and many virulence factors. In particular, S. Schwarzengrund strains were most frequently detected as multi-antimicrobial resistant and had a high prevalence of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Takaichi
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kayo Osawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan; (R.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Noriko Nakanishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan; (R.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Makiko Miura
- Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan;
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Shohiro Kinoshita
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Koichi Kitagawa
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Atsushi Uda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.U.); (T.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.U.); (T.M.)
| | - Ni Made Mertaniasih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; (N.M.M.); (U.H.)
| | - Usman Hadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; (N.M.M.); (U.H.)
| | - Dadik Raharjo
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.R.); (K.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Yulistiani
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia;
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.R.); (K.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
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Novoa Rama E, Bailey M, Kumar S, Leone C, den Bakker HC, Thippareddi H, Singh M. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in conventional and no antibiotics ever broiler farms in the United States. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sreejith S, Shajahan S, Pratyuish PR, Anjana VM, Mathew J, Aparna S, Abraham SS, Radhakrishnan EK. Rapid detection of mobile resistance genes tetA and tetB from metaplasmids isolated from healthy broiler feces. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105504. [PMID: 35341957 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Containing antimicrobial resistance is the thought of the moment as it affects the human life from every aspect. Because, the inappropriate use of antibiotics in livestock animals for the growth promotion and prophylactic purpose has already generated significant challenges. The livestock farms which harbor and disseminate drug resistant microorganisms have already been identified as potential source of resistance genes acquired by the sensitive strains. Hence there is high demand for the affordable and effective surveillance method for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes from livestock. In this study, direct detection of antibiotic resistance from metaplasmid DNA isolated from the poultry feces was conducted. For the initial standardization, plasmid DNA purified from the previously characterized Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used. The tetA and tetB genes amplified from the purified plasmid DNA were further confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Further to this, metaplasmid DNA was purified from 29 different poultry fecal samples and these were further screened for the presence of resistance genes. Among the 29 metaplasmid samples, 8 were positive for tetA gene and 9 were positive for tetB gene. The results of the study indicate the potential of PCR based methods for the rapid screening of poultry samples for the antibiotic stewardship in the livestock sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sreejith
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - Shamna Shajahan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - P R Pratyuish
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 563, India
| | - V M Anjana
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 563, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - S Aparna
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 563, India
| | - Swapna Susan Abraham
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 563, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India.
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Detection of Phylogenetic Groups and Drug Resistance Genes of Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Southwest Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many bacteria can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), among which Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent. Escherichia coli strains are divided into eight phylogenetic groups based on the new Quadroplex-PCR method, which are different in terms of patterns of resistance to antibiotics, virulence, and environmental characteristics. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic groups and the prevalence of drug resistance genes in E. coli strains causing UTIs. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 129 E. coli isolates obtained from the culture of patients with UTIs were evaluated for phylogenetic groups using the new method of Clermont et al. The identification of phylogenetic groups and antibiotic resistance genes was performed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: In this study, concerning the distribution of phylogenetic groups among E. coli isolates, the phylogenetic group B2 (36.4%) was the most common phylogenetic group, followed by phylogroups C (13.2%), clade I (10.1%), D (9.3%), and A (3.1%) while groups B1 and F were not observed in any of the isolates, and 20.2% had an unknown state. Also, out of 129 E. coli isolates, the total frequency of tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, CITM, DfrA, and qnr resistance genes was 59.7%, 66.7, 69, 62, 30.2, 23.3, and 20.2%, respectively. In this study, there was a significant relationship between antibiotics (P = 0.026), cefotaxime (P = 0.003), and nalidixic acid (P = 0.044) and E. coli phylogenetic groups. No significant relationship was observed between E. coli phylogenetic groups and antibiotic resistance genes. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that strains belonging to group B2 had the highest prevalence among other phylogroups, and also, the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes and drug-resistant isolates had a higher prevalence in this phylogroup. These results show that phylogroup B2 has a more effective role in causing urinary tract infections compared to other phylogroups, and this phylogroup can be considered a genetic reservoir of antibiotic resistance.
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Sreejith S, Shajahan S, Prathiush PR, Anjana VM, Viswanathan A, Chandran V, Ajith Kumar GS, Jayachandran R, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK. Healthy broilers disseminate antibiotic resistance in response to tetracycline input in feed concentrates. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104562. [PMID: 33039593 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Wide varieties of antibiotics are used in poultry farms to improve the growth and also to control the infection in broiler chicken. To identify the seriousness of the same in the poultry sector, current study has been designed to analyze the presence of tetracycline in poultry feed and also the tetracycline resistance among the bacteria released through the excreta of poultry. In the study, 27 bacteria belonging to the Escherichiacoli and Klebsiellapneumoniae. were isolated from the faecal samples collected from five different farms. Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed 77% of E. coli and 100% of the K. pneumoniae. to be resistant to tetracycline. Further, molecular screening for tetA and tetB genes showed 85.18% of isolates to have tetA and 22.22% with tetB. The presence of tetracycline in collected feed samples was also analysed quantitatively by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Here, three out of five feed samples were found to be positive for tetracycline. The study showed a direct correlation between the antibiotic supplemented feed and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the intestinal microflora. The results of the study indicate the need for strict control over antibiotic use in animal feed to limit the rapid evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sreejith
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - Shamna Shajahan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - P R Prathiush
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695563, India
| | - V M Anjana
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695563, India
| | - Arathy Viswanathan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - Vishnu Chandran
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - G S Ajith Kumar
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695563, India
| | - R Jayachandran
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695563, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India.
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Hospital Wastewater-Important Source of Multidrug Resistant Coliform Bacteria with ESBL-Production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217827. [PMID: 33114613 PMCID: PMC7663260 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work compares the prevalence of antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria in hospital wastewater effluents in Slovak (SR) and Czech Republic (ČR). It also describes selected antibiotic resistant isolates in view of resistance mechanism and virulence factor. The highest number of multidrug resistant bacteria was detected in samples from the hospital in Valašské Meziříčí (ČR). More than half of resistant isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotype as well as strong ability to form biofilm. In 42% of isolates efflux pump overproduction was detected together with tetA and tetE genes. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in coliform isolates was encoded mainly by blaTEM, blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-8/25 genes. About 62% of resistants contained a combination of two or more extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) genes. Our results strengthen the fact that hospital effluents are a source of multidrug resistant bacteria which can spread their resistance genes to other bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Accordingly, hospital wastewater should be better treated before it enters urban sewerage.
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Genomic Characterization of New Variant of Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S)-Producing Escherichia coli with Multidrug Resistance Properties Carrying the mcr-1 Gene in China †. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020080. [PMID: 32069849 PMCID: PMC7167817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered to be a ‘last-resort’ antimicrobial for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, carrying the transferable colistin resistance gene mcr-1, has recently provoked a global health concern. This report presents the first detection of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing Escherichia coli variant isolated from a human in China, with multidrug resistance (MDR) properties, including colistin resistance by the mcr-1 gene, which could have great implications for the treatment of human infections.
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Husain DR, Gunawan S, Sulfahri S. Antimicrobial potential of lactic acid bacteria from domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) from south Celebes, Indonesia, in different growth phases: in vitro experiments supported by computational docking. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 12:62-69. [PMID: 32322381 PMCID: PMC7163039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pathogenic bacterial infection is one of the factors that can cause extensive losses in poultry farming. Pathogenic bacteria that infect domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) include Escherichia coli. This study has investigated antimicrobial compounds from probiotic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of domestic chickens originating from Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lactic acid bacteria were grown on de Man-Ragosa-Sharpe agar medium for 24 hours. The bacterial isolate with the best inhibitory power was identified as Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), based on 16S RNA sequences. Antimicrobial activity of the selected lactic acid bacteria was tested on the pathogenic bacteria, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Using well diffusion method. In this study, in silico study was conducted to examine the structure and binding affinity of lactic acid bacteria against E. coli and S. aureus. Molecular docking experiments were performed using the PyRx 0.8 software. RESULTS This study showed that the bacteria were B. subtilis strain PATA-5. The response of inhibition of antimicrobial compounds produced by B. subtilis strain PATA-5 maximum in the stationary phase. The bactericidal properties of B. subtilis strain PATA-5 were categorized as strong against Gram-negative E. coli, i.e., 30.5 mm, when compared to Gram-positive S. aureus, i.e., 17.5 mm. CONCLUSION B. subtilis strain PATA-5 is capable to produce natural antibiotic cyclic lipopeptides, namely surfactin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sulfahri Sulfahri
- Corresponding author: Sulfahri Sulfahri, PhD, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Tel: +62-411556449, Fax: +62-411554522,
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Montso PK, Mlambo V, Ateba CN. The First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O177 Serogroup From South African Cattle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:333. [PMID: 31608246 PMCID: PMC6769085 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) is a group of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli with high diversity of serogroups, which lack the bundle-forming pili (BFP) and genes encoding for shiga toxins. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and determine virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of aEPEC O177 strains from cattle feces. A total of 780 samples were collected from beef and dairy cattle and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O177. One thousand two hundred and seventy-two (1272) presumptive isolates were obtained and 915 were confirmed as E. coli species. Three hundred and seventy-six isolates were positively confirmed as E. coli O177 through amplification of rmlB and wzy gene sequences using multiplex PCR. None of these isolates harbored bfpA gene. A larger proportion (12.74%) of the isolates harbored hlyA gene while 11.20, 9.07, 7.25, 2.60, and 0.63% possessed stx2, stx1, eaeA, stx2a, and stx2d, respectively. Most of E. coli O177 isolates carried stx2/hlyA (9.74%). Furthermore, 7.40% of the isolates harbored stx1/stx2 while 7.09% possessed stx1/stx2/hlyA genes. Only one isolate harbored stx1/stx2/hly/eaeA/stx2a/stx2d while 5.11% of the isolates harbored all the four major virulence genes stx1/stx2/hlyA/eaeA, simultaneously. Further analysis revealed that the isolates displayed varied antimicrobial resistance to erythromycin (63.84%), ampicillin (21.54%), tetracycline (13.37%), streptomycin (17.01%), kanamycin (2.42%), chloramphenicol (1.97%), and norfloxacin (1.40%). Moreover, 20.7% of the isolates exhibited different phenotypic multi-drug resistance patterns. All 73 isolates harbored at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. The aadA, streA, streB, erm, and tetA resistance genes were detected separately and/or concurrently. In conclusion, our findings indicate that environmental isolates of aEPEC O177 strains obtained from cattle in South Africa harbored virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene determinants similar to those reported in other shiga-toxin producing E. coli strains and suggest that these determinants may contribute to the virulence of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-control Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Victor Mlambo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-control Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Batard E, Lefebvre M, Aubin GG, Caroff N, Corvec S. High prevalence of cross-resistance to fluoroquinolone and cotrimoxazole in tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli human clinical isolates. J Chemother 2016; 28:510-512. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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