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Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Zhu S, Xu L, Zhang Q, Gao J, Ye M, Shen S, Xing J, Wu M, Xu RX. Electroactive Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds: Innovative Approaches for Improved Skin Wound Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2416267. [PMID: 40190057 PMCID: PMC12079356 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202416267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
The incidence and burden of skin wounds, especially chronic and complex wounds, have a profound impact on healthcare. Effective wound healing strategies require a multidisciplinary approach, and advances in materials science and bioengineering have paved the way for the development of novel wound healing dressing. In this context, electrospun nanofibers can mimic the architecture of the natural extracellular matrix and provide new opportunities for wound healing. Inspired by the bioelectric phenomena in the human body, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds with electroactive characteristics are gaining widespread attention and gradually emerging. To this end, this review first summarizes the basic process of wound healing, the causes of chronic wounds, and the current status of clinical treatment, highlighting the urgency and importance of wound dressings. Then, the biological effects of electric fields, the preparation materials, and manufacturing techniques of electroactive electrospun nanofibrous (EEN) scaffolds are discussed. The latest progress of EEN scaffolds in enhancing skin wound healing is systematically reviewed, mainly including treatment and monitoring. Finally, the importance of EEN scaffold strategies to enhance wound healing is emphasized, and the challenges and prospects of EEN scaffolds are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of RehabilitationThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- Department of Precision Machinery and InstrumentationSchool of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Precision Machinery and InstrumentationSchool of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
| | - Shilu Zhu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou215000China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou215000China
| | - Qingdong Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and InstrumentationSchool of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou215000China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou215000China
| | - Min Ye
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou215000China
| | - Shuwei Shen
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou215000China
| | - Jinyu Xing
- Department of Precision Machinery and InstrumentationSchool of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of RehabilitationThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
| | - Ronald X. Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and InstrumentationSchool of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou215000China
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Castagna A, Castagna E, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. Functional Recovery After 18 Sessions of Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyor Tissue Optimization Reparative Protocol for Hill-Sachs Lesion in a Post-traumatic Shoulder Dislocation. Cureus 2025; 17:e78495. [PMID: 39911289 PMCID: PMC11796299 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the clinical progress of a 22-year-old male patient diagnosed with a consolidating Hill-Sachs lesion, treated with 18 sessions of Tissue Optimization Reparative (TO-Rpr) protocol, specific to Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyor (REAC) technology. At baseline, the patient reported persistent pain with a numeric rating scale (NRS) score of 7 out of 10 and significant functional limitations of the shoulder (flexion 90°, abduction 70°, external rotation 20°), accompanied by bone marrow edema, tendinous alterations, and significant inflammation. The therapeutic protocol aimed to modulate tissue bioelectric activity to promote reparative processes and reduce inflammation. Follow-up MRI, performed four months after treatment, revealed complete resolution of bone marrow edema, normalization of tendinous structures, and reduced cortical irregularities. Clinically, flexion improved to 160°, abduction to 150°, and external rotation to 70°, with muscle strength restored to 5/5 and pain reduced to 0/10 on the NRS. This case highlights the role of REAC TO-Rpr treatment in managing complex joint lesions, showcasing its potential to significantly improve clinical and radiological parameters within a short timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Castagna
- School of Specialization in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ITA
| | - Vania Fontani
- Department of Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
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Rinaldi S, Fontani V. The Efficacy and Safety of Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) External Radio Electric Reprogramming for Atrial Fibrillation (EX-RER AF) Treatment: Results From a Post-market Clinical Follow-Up. Cureus 2024; 16:e76057. [PMID: 39711944 PMCID: PMC11659904 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.76057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This post-market clinical follow-up (PMCF) study evaluates the clinical effectiveness and safety of the external radio electric reprogramming for atrial fibrillation (EX-RER AF) protocol, a non-invasive regenerative medicine approach utilizing radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology for managing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Administered with the REAC BENE mod 110 device (ASMED, Scandicci, Italy), the treatment involves a standardized procedure, with the asymmetric conveyor probe (ACP) positioned in the precordial area and fixed, unmodifiable parameters ensuring consistency and reproducibility. During a 36-month post-market clinical follow-up (PMCF), 20 patients with prior diagnoses of PAF underwent the protocol. Significant reductions in symptom severity were observed, with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) score improving from 3.1 ± 0.4 to 1.8 ± 0.3 (p < 0.01). The quality of life (QoL), as assessed using the Short Form 36-item health survey (SF-36), demonstrated a mean score increase from 58 ± 7 to 78 ± 6 (p < 0.01) across all domains. The safety profile of the protocol was reinforced, with no adverse events reported during the follow-up period. The observed improvements align with the established mechanism of action of REAC technology, which optimizes endogenous bioelectrical activity and promotes the functional reorganization of cardiac conduction pathways. While these findings underscore the protocol's safety, effectiveness, and clinical utility as a non-invasive therapeutic option for PAF, further studies in larger, diverse populations and comparative trials with conventional treatments are warranted to validate long-term outcomes and broader applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
- Department of Adaptive Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
- Department of Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
| | - Vania Fontani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
- Department of Adaptive Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
- Department of Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
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Higino Rocha LC, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. Therapeutic Outcomes of Biomodulation With Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) Technology in an 80-Year-Old Female: A Case Report on Anti-cellulite, Circulatory, and Metabolic Optimization Treatments. Cureus 2024; 16:e72194. [PMID: 39445042 PMCID: PMC11497859 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.72194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report examines the therapeutic outcomes of Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) anti-cellulite treatment (ACT), circulatory optimization (CO), and metabolic optimization (MO) in an 80-year-old female with multiple chronic conditions, including morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and a history of deep vein thrombosis. Each treatment protocol was administered in 18-session cycles. The patient experienced substantial improvements in edema, erythema, pain, and mobility, with a reduced reliance on analgesics. Moreover, there were significant enhancements in sleep quality, mood, mental clarity, and a 7-kg weight loss. These results suggest that REAC ACT, CO, and MO treatments effectively addressed not only localized symptoms but also contributed to broader systemic health improvements by promoting cellular homeostasis and energy production. This case highlights the potential of these REAC treatments as non-invasive and effective options for elderly patients with complex health profiles, encouraging further studies to establish standardized treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla C Higino Rocha
- Brazilian Branch, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Vania Fontani
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
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Machado VG, Brun ABS, Manffra EF. Effects of the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) on motor disorders: An integrative review. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1122245. [PMID: 36923595 PMCID: PMC10009233 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) is a technology that has the purpose of restoring the cellular polarity triggering the rebalancing of the endogenous bioelectric field, which considering the neurological dysfunctions, affects the neural communication mechanisms. The studies published so far show that the REAC neuromodulation technology has positive effects in treating these dysfunctions, with the principles of endogenous bioelectricity as a basis to achieve these effects. Objectives This study aims to review the literature that explored the effects of REAC protocols on motor control and to identify which mechanisms would be involved. Materials and methods This integrative review considered studies that used REAC as a therapeutic intervention directed at human motor control and experimental research with animals that applied REAC to obtain effects related to motor behavior. Results Ten articles were included, eight clinical and two experimental studies. The clinical studies used the neuro postural optimization (NPO) protocol in 473 patients, of which 53 were healthy subjects, 91 were Alzheimer's disease patients, 128 were patients with atypical swallowing, 12 subjects with neurological diseases, and 189 were without the specification of disease. The experimental studies used the antalgic neuromodulation and neurodegeneration protocols in animal models. Conclusion The information integrated in this review made it possible to consider REAC technology a promising resource for treating motor control dysfunctions. It is possible to infer that the technology promotes functional optimization of neuronal circuits that may be related to more efficient strategies to perform motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Gomes Machado
- Health Technology Graduate Program, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Fontani V, Coelho Pereira JA, Rinaldi S. Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer Tissue Reparative Treatment on Post-surgical Breast Skin Necrosis. A Report of Four Cases. Cureus 2022; 14:e25666. [PMID: 35677738 PMCID: PMC9167639 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast surgical treatments for both tumors and aesthetic reasons are very frequent. The nipple-areola complex (NAC) ischemia is a possible complication after breast surgery. This lesion can be devastating for the patient in the post-surgical course and can lead to final epidermolysis. The necrosis is generally attributed to vascular compromise or excessive tension of the flaps. Actually, the phenomena that prevent spontaneous repair are due to variations in the endogenous electrical potential at the cellular level. In damaged tissues, the electric potential difference across the epithelium is often profoundly altered. In this manuscript, we are presenting four cases of NAC necrosis that were successfully treated with reparative tissue optimization (TO-RPR) treatment of the Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) technology. REAC technology was conceived to overcome the limits of exogenous electrical stimulations. Instead of administering an electrical stimulus that imposes itself on the endogenous bioelectric activity (EBA), the REAC technology restores the correct potential difference inside the tissues, which is essential for all reparative and regenerative processes. The REAC treatment applied was able to promote a fast-healing process of the necrosis of the NAC following surgery of the breast.
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Castagna A, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer Reparative Effects on Muscle Injuries: A Report of Two Cases. Cureus 2022; 14:e24904. [PMID: 35572458 PMCID: PMC9093253 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues work like batteries, positively charged by potassium ions and negatively charged by chloride ions. The difference in potential gradient generates an ionic flux, and this, in turn, generates a current that develops endogenous bioelectric fields (EBFs), which are fundamental for all cellular life processes, including reparative phenomena. In damaged tissues, the ionic flow is altered and, consequently, the production of EBFs is altered. This determines an alteration of the reparative processes. In previous studies, the reparative and regenerative treatments of radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology have been shown to favor and accelerate the reparative processes of injured tissues, inducing the recovery of ionic flows and EBFs. The purpose of this report is to illustrate the clinical efficacy of REAC treatments for reparative tissue optimization on muscle injuries, even in those with a severity of third degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Castagna
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
| | - Vania Fontani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
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