Crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde: o cuidado nos serviços de atenção domiciliar

RESUMO Objetivo descrever o cuidado prestado às crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde nos Serviços de Atenção Domiciliar do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Métodos pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Os participantes do estudo foram profissionais dos Serviços de Atenção Domiciliar do Mato Grosso do Sul. A coleta de dados se deu com a aplicação de dois formulários on-line, no período de 2019 a 2020. Um dos formulários tinha dados descritivos dos serviços e seus atendimentos; o outro se voltava para a validação de protocolo de fluxo de atenção domiciliar às crianças. Para análise de dados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva. Resultados houve uma predominância de 25 crianças com paralisia cerebral, sendo que a maioria foi classificada como média complexidade, de acordo com a complexidade e as demandas de cuidados. Os profissionais realizam orientações, procedimentos e avaliação, além de serem responsáveis pelo treinamento da família. Os serviços não possuem protocolo de fluxo para atendimento das crianças. Conclusão Implicações para Prática embora os serviços apresentem capacidade de ampliação do atendimento e utilizem o Plano Terapêutico Singular, avanços na assistência às crianças e famílias ainda se fazem necessários. Recomenda-se a elaboração de protocolos de fluxo e propostas organizativas que auxiliem os profissionais em sua prática.

Children and adolescents with special healthcare needs: care in home care services

ABSTRACT Objective to describe the care provided to children with special health needs in the Home Care Services of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. Methods research, descriptive and exploratory. Study participants were professionals from home care services in Mato Grosso do Sul. Data collection took place through the application of two online forms, from 2019 to 2020, one containing descriptive data of the services and their care and the other for validation of the home care flow protocol for children. It was used for data analysis and descriptive statistics. Results there was a predominance of 25 children with brain flexibility. Most classified as complex average according to the complexity and demands of care. Professionals and guidelines, procedures, assessment are responsible for training the family. The services do not have a flow protocol for the care of children. Conclusion Implications for Practice Services Present ability to deliver care and use the care plan and single use, advances in child care and solutions may still be presented. There is a practice of elaborating flow protocols and organization proposals that help professionals in their.

Meaning of aging for caregivers of senile elderly people

OBJECTIVES

to understand the meaning of aging for caregivers of senile elderly people.

METHODS

qualitative study carried out with 12 caregivers of elderly people registered in the Home Care Service, adopting the Explanatory Model of Kleinman's Disease as a theoretical framework. Data were collected from April to June 2019, through semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews, carried out at home and submitted to content analysis.

RESULTS

taking care of senile elderly people triggers reflections on aging that sometimes lead to a new meaning of this process, besides stimulating the recognition of the factors that influence it, with emphasis on the life history, occupation and deleterious behaviors adopted throughout life.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

the care experience influences the meaning attributed to aging, favoring: the identification of modifiable and non-modifiable aspects and behaviors that make it healthy; reflection on aging itself, with a new meaning of habits and behaviors to be adopted.

Educational interventions by nurses in caregivers with their elderly patients at home

INTRODUCTION

The home is the natural setting for the development of informal care. The work that nurses are required to develop in this context (the carer/the elderly dependent/the home) focuses on training and educational activities to assist these two groups, such as demonstrating care activities to help dependent seniors, instruction in self-care techniques and teaching strategies for the use of human and material resources.

AIMS

This article analyzes care education interventions performed by nurses, and the factors that facilitate, or limit, health care training.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH

This is a qualitative, descriptive study designed to be flexible and openly analytical in its approach to the research problem and the dynamic nature of the home environment. Triangulation of the methodological techniques and study subjects was applied.

RESULTS

Nursing interventions related to professional attitudes, such as encouraging communication and facilitating teaching; communication interventions in health education and counseling; and technical interventions aimed at improving access to health information and support for the informal carer. Lack of will, the advanced age of the carer, emotional state and work overload are factors that undermine care instruction, which if reversed, would become learning facilitators. The lack of time and resources in the home are the major limiting factors on care teaching, according to nurses. Evidence from our study suggests that care in the home is considered a key primary health care strategy, one in which nurses play a significant role.

Practices used by a home care team: implications for caregivers

OBJECTIVES

to analyze the practices of a home care team and their implications for caregivers' performance.

METHODS

qualitative study with data obtained from observation of 21 users, 30 caregivers and 6 professionals from the home health care service in a municipality in Minas Gerais, from February to June 2018. The material was analyzed from the perspective of discourse analysis according to Michel Foucault.

RESULTS

team interference upon caregivers is exercised by disciplinary practices and prescriptive, authoritative and surveilling behaviors. The team's knowledge-power relationship determines caregivers' acceptance through convincing or through difficulty of understanding assigned orientations. Educational practices would enable caregivers to be constituted as active, participative, empowered and reflective subjects.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

team practices interfere with caregivers' ways of acting and being and they have implications in objectification and subjectification processes.

Constituição do sujeito cuidador na atenção domiciliar: dimensões psicoafetiva, cognitiva e moral

RESUMO Objetivo analisar o processo de subjetivação dos sujeitos cuidadores na atenção domiciliar. Método estudo qualitativo, realizado em um serviço de atenção domiciliar. Os dados foram coletados de fevereiro a junho de 2018, por meio da observação de 26 cuidadores e seis profissionais, seguida de acompanhamento aprofundado de quatro casos e entrevistas com seis profissionais e sete cuidadores informais. Utilizou-se a análise do discurso para a interpretação dos dados. Resultados os cuidadores são predominantemente mulheres com vínculo parental com o usuário. A constituição do cuidador está associada à dimensão psicoafetiva, que se refere aos valores afetuosos, sentimentos de retribuição, identidade e aptidão. A dimensão cognitiva relaciona-se à aprendizagem das atividades de cuidado e administrativas. Na dimensão moral, assumir a função de cuidador é revelada em concordância às normas socialmente construídas. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a subjetivação do cuidador deriva de uma relação do próprio eu, construída pela forma como esses sujeitos se relacionam com os discursos, as relações de poder, as experiências de cuidado e as normas sociais. Os achados podem contribuir para oportunizar momentos de reflexão com os cuidadores, em tempos e movimentos pelos quais eles aprendam sobre si e sobre o cuidado na atenção domiciliar.

MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN SELF-CARE BY PEOPLE WITH CANCER IN PALLIATIVE CARE

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the medicinal plants used in self-care by people with cancer in palliative care. Method: this is a qualitative study, of the exploratory and descriptive type. The research was conducted in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, in the participants' homes. Data collection was conducted between June and September 2018. The study participants were people with cancer in palliative care followed-up by the Program of Interdisciplinary Home Hospitalization, in use of medicinal plants. They totaled 20 participants, with 14 having the presence of the caregiver during the interview; she occasionally encouraged them to answer the questions. Results: it was identified that people with cancer in palliative care already used medicinal plants before the illness and continued using them in a search for therapeutic action, both for reducing symptoms caused by late-stage of the disease and for curing cancer. The knowledge of medicinal plants, most of the times, was passed from generation to generation or by friends and, generally, the use of plants is not informed to the health care professionals. Conclusion: the research produced a recovery of the popular knowledge of the species used in palliative care by people with cancer, promoting the comprehension of their habits regarding the use of the plants. Accordingly, the expansion of pharmacological studies related to the plants used for the treatment of signs and symptoms of cancer is essential.