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Howard MB, Fornari MJ, Colson CD, Ebner M, Jarvis LR. Intimate Partner Violence: Piloting an E-Module for Pediatric Staff. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024:99228241254911. [PMID: 38770966 DOI: 10.1177/00099228241254911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marci J Fornari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Cindy D Colson
- Trauma and Burn Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Megan Ebner
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lenore R Jarvis
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Emergency Medicine and Trauma Services, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Allison A, Weerahandi A, Johnson T, Koshan J, Bagstad G, Ferreira C, Jenney A, Krut BA, Wollny K. A Scoping Review on the Use of Experiential Learning in Professional Education on Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37358988 PMCID: PMC10157572 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-023-00552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) involves any form of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse including controlling behaviors by an intimate partner. Front line service workers such as social workers, nurses, lawyers, and physicians are often the first professionals to come into contact with individuals experiencing IPV but are often inadequately prepared to respond appropriately as IPV education is highly variable. Experiential learning (EL), also known as learning by doing, has gained much attention from educators; however, the extent and type of EL strategies used to teach IPV competencies has not yet been explored. Our aim was to extract what is known from the literature about the use of EL strategies to teach IPV competencies to front line service providers. Methods We conducted a search from May 2021 through November 2021. Reviewers independently screened citations in duplicate using pre-determined eligibility criteria. Data collected included study demographics (publication year, country, etc.), study participants, and information about the IPV EL. Results Of 5216 identified studies, 61 were included. Medicine and nursing represented the majority of learners in the included literature. Graduate students were the targeted learners in 48% of articles. Low fidelity EL was used most frequently in 48% of the articles; and role play was the EL mode most frequently utilized (39%) overall. Conclusions This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of the limited literature on how EL is used to teach IPV competencies and identifies significant gaps related to the lack of intersectional analysis within educational interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10896-023-00552-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Allison
- Faculty of Law, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Ambereen Weerahandi
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Drive NW, PF 3239, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Torri Johnson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Drive NW, PF 3239, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | | | - Georgina Bagstad
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Drive NW, PF 3239, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Carla Ferreira
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Angelique Jenney
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Breanne A. Krut
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Drive NW, PF 3239, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Krista Wollny
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Drive NW, PF 3239, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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Ambikile JS, Leshabari S, Ohnishi M. Curricular Limitations and Recommendations for Training Health Care Providers to Respond to Intimate Partner Violence: An Integrative Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:1262-1269. [PMID: 33622184 DOI: 10.1177/1524838021995951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a well-known public health problem occurring worldwide. With a multisectoral approach being emphasized in addressing IPV, the health sector has a key role to play due to many IPV victims who appear in health facilities without their needs being met. A well-designed and implemented IPV curriculum is necessary for effectively training health care professionals to provide quality IPV care and related services. This integrative review was conducted to establish evidence for existing curricular limitations and recommendations for training health care providers to respond to IPV. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted for studies published from 2000 to 2020 in five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google, and Scholar). As a criterion, studies that reported curricular limitations in training health care providers/professionals to address IPV were included. A total of 198 studies were identified for screening, with 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria and included in the review. FINDINGS Curricular limitations for IPV response training for health care providers were reported in the following areas (themes): time allocated for the training, amount of content in the existing curricula, institutional endorsement for the content, IPV response teachers/facilitators, teaching and learning strategies, and funding to support curricular implementation. Various recommendations to improving IPV response training were provided including guaranteeing the training in all courses, increasing academic capability to teach the content, allocation of funding to improve infrastructure for curriculum development and implementation, comprehensive approaches to teaching, and continuing education for health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Seme Ambikile
- School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sebalda Leshabari
- School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mayumi Ohnishi
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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Ghaith S, Voleti SS, Ginsberg Z, Marks LA, Files JA, Kling JM. A Scoping Review of Published Intimate Partner Violence Curricula for Medical Trainees. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:1596-1613. [PMID: 35231186 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects many, and health care has the potential to provide a safe space for individuals experiencing IPV. However, physicians cite lack of time and education as barriers. The aim of this study is to complete a review of published IPV curricula in medical school, residency training, and postresidency training. We performed a scoping review to provide a quantitative assessment and summary review of existing IPV curricula. In May 2020, a librarian conducted a search of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and Scopus. We evaluated each article for the following curriculum content and structure items: (1) year introduced; (2) delivery method; (3) curriculum type; (4) curriculum content; (5) curriculum effectiveness; and (6) implementation barriers. Fifty-six articles met criteria, most were for medical school learners (n = 32, 57.1%) and short-term (lasting less than one academic year) (n = 41, 73.2%). For residency, IPV curricula were most frequently taught in family medicine, internal medicine, and emergency medicine. Formal lecture and use of standardized patients were the most popular delivery methods. Most curricula taught risk factors for and identification of individuals who have experienced IPV. The most cited implementation barrier was limited time in standard medical education, followed by inability to measure the effectiveness of the curriculum. There was great variation in the methods of assessing effectiveness of IPV curricula. Published IPV curricula are varied, without consistent validated tools for assessing efficacy. Future initiatives to establish a standard of competency for medical students regarding IPV, including a standard curriculum, may better ensure that physicians are capable of identifying and caring for individuals who have experienced IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Ghaith
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sandeep S Voleti
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Zachary Ginsberg
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Lisa A Marks
- Division of Education, Department of Library Services, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Julia A Files
- Division of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Juliana M Kling
- Division of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Darling A, Ullman E, Novak V, Doyle M, Dubosh NM. Design and Evaluation of a Curriculum on Intimate Partner Violence for Medical Students in an Emergency Medicine Clerkship. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1279-1285. [PMID: 36262384 PMCID: PMC9575587 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s365450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread public health issue that is relevant to all areas of medicine. Patients who suffer from IPV often contact the health care system via the emergency department, making this a particularly important but too often overlooked issue in this setting. Education on IPV varies in medical schools and emergency medicine (EM) educational programs, and evidence suggests that a barrier to assessing for IPV is a lack of adequate training of clinicians. In this study, we sought to design, implement and evaluate the efficacy of a curriculum on IPV geared towards medical students on an EM clerkship. METHODS We assembled a multi-disciplinary team of EM education faculty, a resident content expert on IPV, and social workers to design a two-part curriculum that was administered to medical students on an EM clerkship. The curriculum involved a 20-minute narrated slide presentation viewed asynchronously, followed by a 1-hour case-based discussion session. The curriculum was evaluated using a 13-item self-assessment survey on knowledge, comfort level and skill in managing victims of IPV, administered electronically before and after the curriculum. Survey results were compared pre- and post-curriculum using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Thirty-four students completed the curriculum and 26 completed both the pre and post self-assessment surveys. A statistically significant improvement in knowledge, comfort level and skills was observed in 11 of the 13 survey elements. CONCLUSION Based on the self-assessment survey results, this curriculum was well received and successfully increased participants' comfort, knowledge and skill level regarding assessment of patients for IPV. This is a focused and feasible curriculum that can be easily incorporated into an EM clerkship to provide effective education on a relevant but often overlooked topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Darling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School – Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Alanna Darling, UMass Chan Medical School - Baystate Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 759 Chestnut St., Springfield 5, S5426, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA, Tel +1 508-414-4492, Email ;
| | - Edward Ullman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor Novak
- Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Melissa Doyle
- Center for Violence Prevention and Recovery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole M Dubosh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Drexler KA, Quist-Nelson J, Weil AB. Intimate Partner Violence and Trauma-Informed Care in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021; 4:100542. [PMID: 34864269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is defined as any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to those in the relationship. Globally, women are disproportionately victims of intimate partner violence. The risk increases during pregnancy, with rates estimated as high as 20% among pregnant persons. Intimate partner violence is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including perinatal and maternal death. As pregnancy is a period of frequent interaction with the healthcare system, it is an opportune time to screen and intervene for intimate partner violence. Universal screening at the first prenatal visit and subsequently every trimester is recommended, with either written or verbal validated tools. Pregnant persons experiencing intimate partner violence need nonjudgmental, compassionate, confidential and trauma-informed care. The goal of this review is to outline pregnancy-specific care considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Drexler
- Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine.
| | - Johanna Quist-Nelson
- Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
| | - Amy B Weil
- Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology
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Adverse birth outcomes among women exposed to intimate partner violence in pregnancy in Ikere-Ekiti, South-west Nigeria: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 267:186-191. [PMID: 34826665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on birth outcomes associated with intimate partner violence in pregnancy in Nigeria are scarce. We aimed to evaluate adverse birth outcomes among women exposed to intimate partner violence in pregnancy in a Nigerian population. STUDY DESIGN We performed a prospective cohort study involving 363 women with singleton pregnancies presenting for antenatal care between March 2019 and September 2019. Intimate partner violence was assessed with a validated self-administered questionnaire- ongoing abuse screen. We compared adverse birth outcomes between women that experienced intimate partner violence in pregnancy and those that did not. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS Of the 363 pregnant women that completed the study, 56(15.4%) experienced intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Women who experienced intimate partner violence in pregnancy were significantly more likely to experience composite adverse birth outcome (53.6% compared with 20.2%,adjusted OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.43-9.19, p < 0.001) preterm delivery (26.8% compared with 13.4%,adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI: 1.34-6.50, p = 0.007), stillbirths(17.9% compared with 3.3%,adjusted OR 9.52, 95% CI: 3.96-22.90, p < 0.001) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (32.1% compared with 19.9%, adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.19-10.60, p = 0.03). Mode of delivery and low birth weight did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION Intimate partner violence is associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, stillbirth and neonatal intensive care unit admission. There is a need to evaluate the effect of interventions on these adverse birth outcomes.
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Barishansky SJ, Shapiro P, Meyman G, Pavone ME, Lawson AK. Reproductive endocrinologists' knowledge and attitudes in the identification of intimate partner violence. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1622-1630. [PMID: 34538458 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess reproductive endocrinologists' attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and experiences with intimate partner violence (IPV). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of US reproductive endocrinologists. SETTING The survey was disseminated via both direct mail and e-mail to a voluntary, semirandomized US national sample of reproductive endocrinologists. We randomly selected a maximum of six clinics per state using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fertility Clinic Success Rates Report. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinician perceptions and knowledge regarding IPV and its relevance to the infertility setting. RESULTS A total of 95 reproductive endocrinology and infertility physicians practicing in either academic or private clinics in the United States completed the survey with an overall response rate of 46% (95/200). General knowledge of IPV was good among respondents. Intimate partner violence assessment was very relevant among 39% (37/95) of respondents and possibly relevant among 56% (53/95) of respondents. A history of IPV awareness training was associated with a decreased frequency of reported barriers, including fewer perceived time constraints, decreased knowledge regarding IPV community resources, and less discomfort asking about IPV. Most respondents estimated the prevalence of IPV in their practice to be rare (≤1%). However, 33% (31/95) reported identifying between one and five active victims of IPV over the prior year, and 63% (60/95) reported identifying a victim of IPV throughout their careers. Only 17% (16/95) of respondents were certain that their clinic had guidelines for detection or management of IPV. CONCLUSION Reproductive endocrinology and infertility physicians would benefit from education and training in IPV to enable them to better identify and assist patients who are victims of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Barishansky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Periel Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Gabrielle Meyman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary Ellen Pavone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angela K Lawson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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Brown T, Mehta PK, Berman S, McDaniel K, Radford C, Lewis-O'Connor A, Grossman S, Potter J, Hirsh DA, Woo B, Krieger D. A Trauma-Informed Approach to the Medical History: Teaching Trauma-Informed Communication Skills to First-Year Medical and Dental Students. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2021; 17:11160. [PMID: 34150993 PMCID: PMC8180538 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trauma is ubiquitous and associated with negative effects on physical and mental health. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a framework for mitigating these health effects and improving patients' engagement with medical care. Despite these clinical benefits, TIC is not routinely taught in undergraduate medical education. METHODS We designed a session for first-year medical and dental students to introduce TIC principles and their application in patient care. The session focused on screening for and inquiring about trauma and responding to disclosures of trauma. Using live patient interviews, small-group discussions, and case-based role-plays, the session offered expert instruction and hands-on practice. Students completed pre- and postsession surveys and a 5-month follow-up survey. Students reported their comfort with screening for trauma and responding to disclosures of trauma before and after the session and at 5 months following the session. RESULTS Of the 164 student participants, 76% completed surveys during the session, and 50% completed the follow-up survey. More than one-third (34%) of respondents reported having received at least one disclosure of trauma from a patient within the first 5 months of medical school. Students' comfort with screening for trauma increased from 30% to 56%, and their comfort with responding to disclosure of trauma increased from 35% to 55%. These improvements persisted on reevaluation at 5 months. DISCUSSION We present a model for teaching trauma-informed communication skills to first-year medical and dental students. The intervention significantly increased students' comfort level and self-reported clinical skills, and benefits persisted at 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Brown
- Fourth-Year Medical Student, Harvard Medical School
- Corresponding author:
| | - Pooja K. Mehta
- Second-Year Resident, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Sarah Berman
- First-Year Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance
| | | | | | - Annie Lewis-O'Connor
- Nurse Practitioner, Department of Medicine, Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Instructor, Harvard Medical School
| | - Samara Grossman
- Social Worker, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Jennifer Potter
- Professor, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Department of General Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - David A. Hirsh
- The George E. Thibault Academy Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance
| | - Beverly Woo
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - David Krieger
- Clinical Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Atrius Health
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Insetta ER, Christmas C. A Novel Intimate Partner Violence Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents: Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2020; 16:10905. [PMID: 32656326 PMCID: PMC7331963 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent problem with profound health consequences. Research suggests that internal medicine (IM) residents are unprepared to screen for and address IPV. We designed a curriculum to improve IM residents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in caring for IPV survivors. METHODS The curriculum was delivered to first-year IM residents from 2016 to 2017 at Johns Hopkins Bayview. Part 1 was 60 minutes long, with a video, evidence-based didactic teaching, and case-based discussion. Part 2 was 90 minutes long, with evidence-based didactic teaching, role-play of patient-provider conversations about IPV, and debriefing about strategies for discussing IPV. We evaluated knowledge, confidence, and self-reported behaviors pre- and postintervention using two-tailed paired t tests. RESULTS Thirty-two residents received IPV training. In comparing precurriculum (n = 29, 91% of total participants) and postcurriculum (n = 28, 88% of total participants) surveys, there was significant improvement in knowledge about IPV (p < .001). Postcurriculum, learners reported greater confidence in detecting IPV (p < .001), documenting IPV (p < .001), and referring to resources (p < .001). Participants reported increased comfort with managing difficult emotions about IPV in patients (p < .01) and themselves (p < .001) and increased comfort in discussing IPV with female (p < .001) and male (p < .001) patients. Postcurriculum, all respondents felt they were more skillful in discussing IPV and would be more likely to screen for IPV. DISCUSSION Our curriculum improved residents' knowledge, confidence, comfort, and preparedness in screening for and discussing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Insetta
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Corresponding author:
| | - Colleen Christmas
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Matos M, Gonçalves M. Sleep and women intimate partner victimization: prevalence, effects and good practices in health care settings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 12:35-42. [PMID: 31105893 PMCID: PMC6508940 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Intimate Partner Violence is a global health issue with higher prevalence
worldwide, mostly in women, higher social and economic costs and devastating
physical and mental health consequences for the victims. Sleep disturbances has
been associated with other mental health issues, being an important symptom when
diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder, depression or anxiety. It can also
constitute an important sign to help health professionals to identify potential
victims of intimate partner violence. This review paper main objectives are to
address the connection between intimate partner violence and sleep disruption,
the role and barriers of health professionals in screening this type of violence
when sleep problems are present, and to describe good practices in order to
identify these victims and to provide support. It has been found that intimate
partner victims commonly experience significant sleep disturbances that include
truncated sleep, nightmares and less restful sleep. Health professionals are
first-line professionals with a pivot role to screen and identify women victims.
However, a set of personal (e.g., lack of knowledge and inadequate perceptions
about violence, cultural issues) and organizational barriers (e.g., time
constraints, lack of training, absence of institutional protocols) may limit the
accurate reading of those symptoms. Accordingly, health professionals must be
alert not only to physical health conditions associated with violence (acute
physical injuries, chronic physical injuries, obstetric and genital injuries),
but also psychological problems, like depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress
disorder, alcohol or drug misuse, sleep disturbances, insomnia and nightmares.
In the presence of alert symptoms related to violence, health professionals
become able to screen, identify and provide ongoing care for women, promoting a
trusting relationship and assuming an attentive non-judgmental listening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Matos
- Assistant Professor, PhD, Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gonçalves
- Researcher, PhD, Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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