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Huynh C, Liu I, Sommer A, Menke L, Reilly L, Gasper W, Hiramoto J. Descending thoracic aortic mural ulceration is associated with postoperative spinal cord ischemia after branched endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2024; 79:732-739. [PMID: 38036115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paraplegia is one of the most feared complications after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The purpose of this study is to determine whether aortic thrombus characteristics are associated with spinal cord ischemia (SCI) after branched endovascular aneurysm repair (BEVAR). METHODS From April 2011 to April 2020, 62 patients underwent elective BEVAR for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm and pararenal aortic aneurysms using a low-profile device and had a complete preoperative computed tomography angiography of the aorta from the sinotubular junction to the aortic bifurcation. Aortic thrombus was evaluated for thrombus thickness ≥5 mm, thrombus >2/3 of aortic circumference, and the presence of an ulcer-like thrombus. One point was assigned at each 5 mm axial image if all 3 criteria were met, resulting in a total "shaggy score" for the entire aorta. Data on demographics, procedural details, and outcomes were collected prospectively. All patients underwent a standard spinal cord protection protocol, including routine cerebrospinal fluid drainage. In July 2016, an insulin infusion protocol (IIP) was initiated to maintain postoperative blood glucose levels <120 mg/dL for 48 hours. The primary clinical end point was postoperative SCI. RESULTS 10 (16%) patients developed postoperative SCI: 6 with transient paraparesis, 2 with persistent paraparesis, and 2 with persistent paraplegia. Patients with SCI were older, had higher shaggy scores, and were less likely to have been on an IIP. There were no significant differences in demographics, aneurysm type, or operative parameters. In a logistic multivariate regression model for SCI, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.2 [1.1-1.4], P = .02) and shaggy score (OR: 1.2 [1.1-1.4], P = .02) were independently associated with increased risk of SCI, whereas treatment with the IIP was associated with lower risk of SCI (OR: 0.04 [0.006-0.50], P = .05). Of the individual components of the shaggy score, higher descending thoracic aortic ulcer scores were the most strongly associated with postoperative SCI (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative characterization of aortic wall thrombus is an important adjunctive tool for individualized clinical decision-making and patient counseling about the risk of SCI after BEVAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Huynh
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Iris Liu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anne Sommer
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura Menke
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Linda Reilly
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Warren Gasper
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jade Hiramoto
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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Foley MP, Walsh SR, Doolan N, Vulliamy P, McMonagle M, Aylwin C. Editor's Choice - Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lower Extremity Vascular Complications after Arterial Access for Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA): An Inevitable Concern? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 66:103-118. [PMID: 36796674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used to temporise non-compressible torso haemorrhage. Recent data have suggested that vascular access complications secondary to REBOA placement are higher than initially anticipated. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled incidence rate of lower extremity arterial complications after REBOA. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, Embase, conference abstract listings, and clinical trial registries. REVIEW METHODS Studies including more than five adults undergoing emergency REBOA for exsanguinating haemorrhage that reported access site complications were eligible for inclusion. A pooled meta-analysis of vascular complications was performed using the DerSimonian-Laird weights for the random effects model, presented as a Forest plot. Further meta-analyses compared the relative risk of access complications between different sheath sizes, percutaneous access techniques, and indications for REBOA. Risk of bias was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) tool. RESULTS No randomised controlled trials were identified, and the overall study quality was poor. Twenty-eight studies including 887 adults were identified. REBOA was performed for trauma in 713 cases. The pooled proportion rate of vascular access complications was 8.6% (95% confidence interval 4.97 - 12.97), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 67.6%). There was no significant difference in the relative risk of access complications between 7 and > 10 F sheaths (p = .54), or between ultrasound guided and landmark guided access (p = .081). However, traumatic haemorrhage was associated with a significantly higher risk of complications compared with non-traumatic haemorrhage (p = .034). CONCLUSION This updated meta-analysis aimed to be as comprehensive as possible considering the poor quality of source data and high risk of bias. It suggested that lower extremity vascular complications were higher than originally suspected after REBOA. While the technical aspects did not appear to impact the safety profile, a cautious association could be drawn between REBOA use for traumatic haemorrhage and a higher risk of arterial complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Power Foley
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University College Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland; Blizard Institute for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Stewart R Walsh
- Lambe Institution for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Surgical Research Support Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathalie Doolan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University College Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul Vulliamy
- Blizard Institute for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher Aylwin
- Blizard Institute for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Trauma Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Brännström A, Dahlquist A, Gustavsson J, Arborelius UP, Günther M. Transition from abdominal aortic and junctional tourniquet to zone 3 resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is feasible with hemodynamic support after porcine class IV hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 87:849-55. [PMID: 31589194 DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic hemorrhage remains a major cause of death in rural civilian and combat environments. Potential interventions to control hemorrhage from the pelvis and lower junctional regions include the abdominal aortic and junctional tourniquet (AAJT) and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA). The AAJT requires low technical skills and may thus be used by nonmedical professionals, but is associated with time-dependent ischemic complications. In combination with delayed patient evacuation, it may therefore be deleterious. Transition to zone 3 REBOA in higher levels of care may be a possibility to maintain hemostasis, mitigate adverse effects and enable surgery in patients resuscitated with the AAJT. It is possible that a transition between the interventions could lead to hemodynamic penalties. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of replacing the AAJT with zone 3 REBOA in a porcine model of uncontrolled femoral hemorrhage. METHODS Domestic pigs (n = 12) averaging 57 kg were exposed to a class IV uncontrolled hemorrhage from the common femoral artery. The animals were randomized to 60-minute AAJT (n = 6) or 30-minute AAJT with transition to 30-minute zone 3 REBOA. Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters and ultrasonographic measurements of the common femoral artery were collected. RESULTS Transition from AAJT to zone 3 REBOA caused a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (25 mm Hg). Hemostasis was maintained. The common femoral artery diameter decreased by 1.8 mm (38%) after hemorrhage and further 0.7 mm (23%) after aortic occlusion. CONCLUSION Transition from AAJT to zone 3 REBOA after a class IV bleeding is feasible with hemodynamic support. Vascular access to the femoral artery for REBOA insertion poses a technical challenge after hemorrhage and AAJT application. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Laboratory animal study, level IV.
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Kougias P, Branco BC, Braun J, Sharath S, Younes H, Barshes NR, Mills JL. Ischemia-induced lower extremity neurologic impairment after fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2019; 70:23-30. [PMID: 30626551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Placement of large sheaths in the iliac system during fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) leads to lower extremity (LE) ischemia that can be associated with serious neurologic complications. We sought to determine the effect of LE ischemic time on neurologic impairment after FEVAR. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent FEVAR at a single institution were analyzed. LE ischemic time was calculated from the time of large sheath (≥18F) insertion to the time of sheath removal from the iliac arteries that led to continuous LE ischemia. The primary outcome was neurologic impairment defined as any new sensory or motor deficit in either LE. Outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and modeled with logistic regression with interaction terms. Each individual LE was used as a unit of analysis. RESULTS We examined 101 patients (202 lower extremities) who underwent FEVAR over a 5-year period. The median LE ischemic time was 2.75 hours (range, 0.8-5.2 hours). Neurologic impairment developed in 18 extremities (9%). Of those, 12 (67%) developed mild sensory loss, 6 (33%) complete sensory loss, 4 (22%) loss of proprioception, and 2 (11%) motor dysfunction. Sensory deficit was permanent in four limbs (2%) and motor dysfunction in one limb (0.5%). In all other cases, the neurologic examination returned to baseline by postoperative day 15. Duration of LE ischemic time (odds ratio, 6.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-12.4; P < .001) and common iliac artery (CIA) stenosis to a lumen of 8 mm or less (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-7.3; P = .002) were independent predictors for the development of neurologic impairment. An interaction term between LE ischemic time and CIA stenosis was statistically significant (P = .042), indicating that the presence of CIA stenosis modifies the effect of LE ischemic time. In those with CIA stenosis to a lumen of 8 mm or less, the risk of neurologic impairment increased rapidly after 2.5 hours of LE ischemia, and became nearly certain after 4 hours of ischemic time. By contrast, patients without CIA stenosis tolerated longer ischemic times and demonstrated a less steep increase in the risk for LE neurologic impairment. CONCLUSIONS LE neurologic impairment after FEVAR is strongly associated with LE ischemic time and CIA occlusive disease to a lumen of 8 mm or less. Our data indicate that, when the LE ischemic time is expected to exceed 2.5 hours (in patients with CIA stenosis) or 3 hours (in patients without CIA stenosis), measures to ensure LE perfusion should be given consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Kougias
- Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine/Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Tex.
| | - Bernardino C Branco
- Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine/Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Sherene Sharath
- Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine/Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Houssam Younes
- Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine/Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Neal R Barshes
- Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine/Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Joseph L Mills
- Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
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Wasicek PJ, Teeter WA, Yang S, Hu P, Hoehn MR, Stein DM, Scalea TM, Brenner ML. Life over Limb: Lower Extremity Ischemia in the Setting of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA). Am Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481808400650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a temporizing maneuver used to decrease hemorrhage, and thus perfusion, below the level of aortic occlusion (AO). We sought to investigate lower extremity ischemia in patients who received REBOA. Between February 2013 and September 2016 patients at a tertiary center that received REBOA and survived more than six hours were enrolled. Thirty-one patients were identified, the mean ISS was 40 ± 14 and inhospital mortality was 39 per cent. Twenty received REBOA in zone 1 (distal thoracic aorta). Three (15%) developed lower extremity compartment syndrome (LECS) after zone 1 REBOA. Injury of iliofemoral arteries and veins was each associated with calf fasciotomies (both P = 0.005). A longer duration of AO at zone 1 was associated with calf and thigh fasciotomy (P = 0.046 and P = 0.048, respectively). Iliofemoral arterial injury was associated with thigh fasciotomy (P = 0.04). Eleven patients received REBOA in zone 3 (distal abdominal aorta). Five (45%) patients underwent fasciotomy; four (36%) due to LECS. Femoral arterial injury was associated with calf fasciotomies (P = 0.02). There was no association with sheath size or laterality and need for fas-ciotomy. Neither groin access for REBOA or AO solely caused limb loss or LECS. The contribution to distal ischemia by REBOA remains unclear in patients with lower extremity injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Wasicek
- From the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William A. Teeter
- From the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shiming Yang
- From the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter Hu
- From the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melanie R. Hoehn
- From the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deborah M. Stein
- From the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas M. Scalea
- From the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Megan L. Brenner
- From the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Hanley SC, Neequaye SK, Steinmetz O, Obrand D, Mackenzie K, Abraham CZ. Sheath-shunt technique for avoiding lower limb ischemia during complex endovascular aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2015; 62:762-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Österberg K, Falkenberg M, Resch T. Endovascular Technique for Arterial Shunting to Prevent Intraoperative Ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:126-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Constantinou J, Giannopoulos A, Cross J, Morgan-Rowe L, Agu O, Ivancev K. Temporary axillobifemoral bypass during fenestrated aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:1544-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Manning BJ, Agu O, Richards T, Ivancev K, Harris PL. Temporary axillobifemoral bypass as an adjunct to endovascular aneurysm repair using fenestrated stent grafts. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53:867-9. [PMID: 21236615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Manning
- Multidisciplinary Endovascular Team, University College Londonand University College London Hospital, London NW12BU United Kingdom.
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