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Zhang J, Ouyang F, Gao A, Zeng T, Li M, Li H, Zhou W, Gao Q, Tang X, Zhang Q, Ran X, Tian G, Quan X, Tang Z, Zou J, Zeng Y, Long Y, Li Y. ESM1 enhances fatty acid synthesis and vascular mimicry in ovarian cancer by utilizing the PKM2-dependent warburg effect within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:94. [PMID: 38720298 PMCID: PMC11077861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypoxic tumor microenvironment is a key factor that promotes metabolic reprogramming and vascular mimicry (VM) in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. ESM1, a secreted protein, plays an important role in promoting proliferation and angiogenesis in OC. However, the role of ESM1 in metabolic reprogramming and VM in the hypoxic microenvironment in OC patients has not been determined. METHODS Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem MS was used to analyze CAOV3 and OV90 cells. Interactions between ESM1, PKM2, UBA2, and SUMO1 were detected by GST pull-down, Co-IP, and molecular docking. The effects of the ESM1-PKM2 axis on cell glucose metabolism were analyzed based on an ECAR experiment. The biological effects of the signaling axis on OC cells were detected by tubule formation, transwell assay, RT‒PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and in vivo xenograft tumor experiments. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia induces the upregulation of ESM1 expression through the transcription of HIF-1α. ESM1 serves as a crucial mediator of the interaction between PKM2 and UBA2, facilitating the SUMOylation of PKM2 and the subsequent formation of PKM2 dimers. This process promotes the Warburg effect and facilitates the nuclear translocation of PKM2, ultimately leading to the phosphorylation of STAT3. These molecular events contribute to the promotion of ovarian cancer glycolysis and vasculogenic mimicry. Furthermore, our study revealed that Shikonin effectively inhibits the molecular interaction between ESM1 and PKM2, consequently preventing the formation of PKM2 dimers and thereby inhibiting ovarian cancer glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and vasculogenic mimicry. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia increases ESM1 expression through the transcriptional regulation of HIF-1α to induce dimerization via PKM2 SUMOylation, which promotes the OC Warburg effect and VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Trauma Center, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ran
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xiyun Quan
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenzi Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yifei Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunzhu Long
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Zhuzhou Central South University, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
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Fu Y, Rathod D, Patel K. Protein kinase C inhibitor anchored BRD4 PROTAC PEGylated nanoliposomes for the treatment of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112275. [PMID: 32898554 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Limited treatment options and development of resistance to targeted therapy within few months pose significant challenges in the treatment of BRAF-mutated malignant melanoma. Moreover, extensive angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry promote the rapid progression of disease. The purpose of this study was to develop a protein kinase C inhibitor anchored BRD4 PROTAC (ARV) loaded PEGylated nanoliposomes (LARPC). Palmitoyl-dl-carnitine chloride (PC) was used as a protein kinase C inhibitor to provide a cationic surface charge to LARPC. The formulation was characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug release and various cell culture assays using HUVEC and vemurafenib resistant melanoma cells. The particle size of LARPC was found to be 105.25 ± 2.76 nm with a zeta potential of +26.6 ± 6.25 mV. Inhibition of angiogenesis was demonstrated by ARV and LARPC using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)-based matrigel basement membrane model. Additionally, LARPC demonstrated very low IC50 with promising inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry channel formation, cell migration as well as colony formation in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cell lines. Hence, the outcome of this combination therapy indicated the suitability of LARPC as a potential and novel approach for eradicating vemurafenib-resistant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Fu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Drishti Rathod
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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3
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Monteiro AC, Muenzner JK, Andrade F, Rius FE, Ostalecki C, Geppert CI, Agaimy A, Hartmann A, Fujita A, Schneider-Stock R, Jasiulionis MG. Gene expression and promoter methylation of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors as prognostic markers in melanoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1433-1449. [PMID: 31069961 PMCID: PMC6547615 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of melanoma is broadly associated with its metastatic potential. Tumor cell dissemination is strictly dependent on vascularization; therefore, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis play an essential role in metastasis. Hence, a better understanding of the players of tumor vascularization and establishing them as new molecular biomarkers might help to overcome the poor prognosis of melanoma patients. Here, we further characterized a linear murine model of melanoma progression and showed that the aggressiveness of melanoma cells is closely associated with high expression of angiogenic factors, such as Vegfc, Angpt2, and Six1, and that blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway by the inhibitor axitinib abrogates their tumorigenic potential in vitro and in the in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that the expression of the angiogenic factor ANGPT2 (P‐value = 0.044) and the lymphangiogenic receptor VEGFR‐3 (P‐value = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors of overall survival in melanoma patients. Enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing‐based methylome profiling revealed for the first time a link between abnormal VEGFC, ANGPT2, and SIX1 gene expression and promoter hypomethylation in melanoma cells. In patients, VEGFC (P‐value = 0.031), ANGPT2 (P‐value < 0.001), and SIX1 (P‐value = 0.009) promoter hypomethylation were independent prognostic factors of shorter overall survival. Hence, our data suggest that these angio‐ and lymphangiogenesis factors are potential biomarkers of melanoma prognosis. Moreover, these findings strongly support the applicability of our melanoma progression model to unravel new biomarkers for this aggressive human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Eichemberger Rius
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - André Fujita
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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Xiao T, Zhong W, Zhao J, Qian B, Liu H, Chen S, Qiao K, Lei Y, Zong S, Wang H, Liang Y, Zhang H, Meng J, Zhou H, Sun T, Liu Y, Yang C. Polyphyllin I suppresses the formation of vasculogenic mimicry via Twist1/VE-cadherin pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:906. [PMID: 30185783 PMCID: PMC6125388 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a functional microcirculation pattern formed by aggressive tumor cells and is related to the metastasis and poor prognosis of many cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus far, no effective drugs have been developed to target VM. In this study, patients with liver cancer exhibited reduced VM in tumor tissues after treatment with Rhizoma Paridis. Polyphyllin I (PPI), which is the main component of Rhizoma Paridis, inhibited VM formation in HCC lines and transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Molecular mechanism analysis showed that PPI impaired VM formation by blocking the PI3k-Akt-Twist1-VE-cadherin pathway. PPI also displayed dual effects on Twist1 by inhibiting the transcriptional activation of the Twist1 promoter and interfering with the ability of Twist1 to bind to the promoter of VE-cadherin, resulting in VM blocking. This study is the first to report on the clinical application of the VM inhibitor. Results may contribute to the development of novel anti-VM drugs in clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Pathology Department, Shun Yi District Hospital, 101300, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxin Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 300170, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Kailiang Qiao
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueyang Lei
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Shumin Zong
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Meng
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yanrong Liu
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China. .,Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070, Tianjin, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300000, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Albuquerque KRS, Pacheco NM, del Rosario Loyo Casao T, de Melo FCSA, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV. Applicability of Plant Extracts in Preclinical Studies of Melanoma: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6797924. [PMID: 30147443 PMCID: PMC6083739 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6797924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and arises from melanocyte gene mutation. This disease is multifactorial, but its main cause is the excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Currently, available chemotherapy has shown little expressive results, which may justify the high use of natural products to treat this cancer. We performed a systematic review to compile the results of studies carried out in murine models and investigated the effect of plant extracts on melanoma treatment. Papers were selected in MEDLINE/Pubmed and Scopus according to the PRISM statement. Search filters were developed using three parameters: plant extract, melanoma, and animal model. The 35 identified studies were all submitted to the criteria described in the ARRIVE guidelines. The different extracts showed antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, and also proved to be effective in cell cycle modulation and apoptosis evasion. Bias analysis evidenced the absence of standardized experimental designs, as well as failures in statistical tests and in the presentation of results. The analysis of the studies suggests that the use of plant extracts is effective for the treatment of melanoma in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nívea Maria Pacheco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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Rhodocetin-αβ selectively breaks the endothelial barrier of the tumor vasculature in HT1080 fibrosarcoma and A431 epidermoid carcinoma tumor models. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22406-22422. [PMID: 29854288 PMCID: PMC5976474 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor vasculature differs from normal blood vessels in morphology, composition and stability. Here, we describe a novel tumor vessel-disrupting mechanism. In an HT1080/mouse xenograft tumor model rhodocetin-αβ was highly effective in disrupting the tumor endothelial barrier. Mechanistically, rhodocetin-αβ triggered MET signaling via neuropilin-1. As both neuropilin-1 and MET were only lumen-exposed in a subset of abnormal tumor vessels, but not in normal vessels, the prime target of rhodocetin-αβ were these abnormal tumor vessels. Consequently, cells lining such tumor vessels became increasingly motile which compromised the vessel wall tightness. After this initial leakage, rhodocetin-αβ could leave the bloodstream and reach the as yet inaccessible neuropilin-1 on the basolateral side of endothelial cells and thus disrupt nearby vessels. Due to the specific neuropilin-1/MET co-distribution on cells lining such abnormal tumor vessels in contrast to normal endothelial cells, rhodocetin-αβ formed the necessary trimeric signaling complex of rhodocetin-αβ-MET-neuropilin-1 only in these abnormal tumor vessels. This selective attack of tumor vessels, sparing endothelial cell-lined vessels of normal tissues, suggests that the neuropilin-1-MET signaling axis may be a promising drugable target for anti-tumor therapy, and that rhodocetin-αβ may serve as a lead structure to develop novel anti-tumor drugs that target such vessels.
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7
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Collateral Damage Intended-Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Vasculature Are Potential Targets in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112355. [PMID: 29112161 PMCID: PMC5713324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After oncogenic transformation, tumor cells rewire their metabolism to obtain sufficient energy and biochemical building blocks for cell proliferation, even under hypoxic conditions. Glucose and glutamine become their major limiting nutritional demands. Instead of being autonomous, tumor cells change their immediate environment not only by their metabolites but also by mediators, such as juxtacrine cell contacts, chemokines and other cytokines. Thus, the tumor cells shape their microenvironment as well as induce resident cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs), to support them. Fibroblasts differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which produce a qualitatively and quantitatively different extracellular matrix (ECM). By their contractile power, they exert tensile forces onto this ECM, leading to increased intratumoral pressure. Moreover, along with enhanced cross-linkage of the ECM components, CAFs thus stiffen the ECM. Attracted by tumor cell- and CAF-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ECs sprout from pre-existing blood vessels during tumor-induced angiogenesis. Tumor vessels are distinct from EC-lined vessels, because tumor cells integrate into the endothelium or even mimic and replace it in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) vessels. Not only the VM vessels but also the characteristically malformed EC-lined tumor vessels are typical for tumor tissue and may represent promising targets in cancer therapy.
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8
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Periodic acid-Schiff-positive loops and networks as a prognostic factor in oral mucosal melanoma. Melanoma Res 2017; 26:145-52. [PMID: 26636907 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic factors of oral mucosal melanoma (OMM), a rare and aggressive neoplasm, remain to be determined. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of vasculogenic mimicry in OMM. The clinical data of 62 patients with primary OMM treated in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from April 2007 to April 2012 were retrieved and analyzed retrospectively. Staining of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and CD31 immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of PAS-positive patterns, blood lakes, and microvascular density. PAS-positive loops and networks (P<0.001) as well as blood lakes (P=0.040) were found to be predictors of overall survival (OS). The presence of PAS-positive loops and networks was an independent prognostic factor of poor OS in multivariate analysis (P=0.002). Although the presence of PAS-positive loops and networks was associated with hematogenous metastasis (P=0.041) and lymphogenous metastasis (P=0.041), it was not an independent predictor of both types of metastasis in multivariate analysis. Microvascular density was not associated with OS (P=0.627) and metastasis of OMM patients. PAS-positive loops and networks have a significant prognostic value in OMM. Detection of PAS-positive patterns may lead to better staging and serve as a prognostic parameter of OMM.
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9
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Wang Y, Sun B, Sun H, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhao N, Zhang Y, Li Y, Gu Q, Liu F, Shao B, An J. Regulation of proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by miR-26b-5p. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10965-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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10
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Jour G, Ivan D, Aung PP. Angiogenesis in melanoma: an update with a focus on current targeted therapies. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:472-83. [PMID: 26865640 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in melanoma metastasis and progression. In recent years, numerous studies have investigated the prognostic and clinical significance of this phenomenon, and the development of molecular techniques has enabled us to achieve a better understanding of angiogenesis in melanoma. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge regarding angiogenesis in melanoma, including the pathophysiological, histological and immunohistochemical aspects of this phenomenon. We also review the molecular pathways involved in angiogenesis and the interplay between different components that might be manipulated in the future development of efficient targeted therapies. Recently developed targeted antiangiogenic therapies in clinical trials and included in the treatment of advanced-stage melanoma are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jour
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Doina Ivan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Coelho P, Almeida J, Prudêncio C, Fernandes R, Soares R. Effect of Adipocyte Secretome in Melanoma Progression and Vasculogenic Mimicry. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1697-706. [PMID: 26666522 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, favored by the modern lifestyle, acquired epidemic proportions nowadays. Obesity has been associated with various major causes of death and morbidity including malignant neoplasms. This increased prevalence has been accompanied by a worldwide increase in cutaneous melanoma incidence rates during the last decades. Obesity involvement in melanoma aetiology has been recognized, but the implicated mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we address this relationship and investigate the influence of adipocytes secretome on B16-F10 and MeWo melanoma cell lines. Using the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, as well as ex vivo subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue conditioned medium, we were able to show that adipocyte-released factors play a dual role in increasing melanoma cell overall survival, both by enhancing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis. B16-F10 cell migration and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion capacity were predominantly enhanced in the presence of SAT and VAT released factors. Melanocytes morphology and melanin content were also altered by exposure to adipocyte conditioned medium disclosing a more dedifferentiated phenotype of melanocytes. In addition, exposure to adipocyte-secreted molecules induced melanocytes to rearrange, on 3D cultures, into vessel-like structures, and generate characteristic vasculogenic mimicry patterns. These findings are corroborated by the released factors profile of 3T3-L1, SAT, and VAT assessed by microarrays, and led us to highlight the mechanisms by which adipose secretome from sub-cutaneous or visceral depots promote melanoma progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1697-1706, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Martinez-Cardús A, Vizoso M, Moran S, Manzano JL. Epigenetic mechanisms involved in melanoma pathogenesis and chemoresistance. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:209. [PMID: 26488005 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.06.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of highly recurrent mutations in melanoma, such as BRAF(V600E), completely changed the clinical management including therapy of melanoma patients. In the era of Personalized Medicine targeted melanoma therapies showed high response rates, currently evidenced by BRAF inhibitors or immune-stimulating therapies. In addition to genetic biomarkers, epigenetic knowledge in melanoma has undergone a major step forward in recent years. In particular, epigenetics is unveiling new perspectives to fight this disease, providing an encouraging number of DNA methylation based biomarkers that will likely improve patient stratification for prognosis and treatment. In this regard, putative targetable biomarkers or those with predictive value for the outcome of currently applied therapies are promising tools for future precision oncology strategies. In addition, the progress made in genetic and epigenetic profiling technologies and their reconfiguration to real-time clinical screening approaches makes personalized medicine in melanoma an achievable objective in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martinez-Cardús
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel Vizoso
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Moran
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Manzano
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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Xia Y, Cai XY, Fan JQ, Zhang LL, Ren JH, Chen J, Li ZY, Zhang RG, Zhu F, Wu G. Rho Kinase Inhibitor Fasudil Suppresses the Vasculogenic Mimicry of B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1582-90. [PMID: 25934709 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biologic role of the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil in the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of B16 mouse melanoma cells. It was previously reported that RhoA plays a critical role in angiogenesis by coordinating endothelial cell cytoskeleton remodeling and promoting endothelial cell motility. Although RhoA has been implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis, little has been described regarding its control of these tumor cell-lined channels. In this study, we established an in vitro model of VM using 3-dimensional cell culturing of mouse B16 melanoma cells and studied VM in vivo by transplanting B16 cells into C57/BL mice. Next, we explored the effect of RhoA and Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) on VM formation using the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil. We provide direct evidence that fasudil leads to reduced vascular-like channels in Matrigel. Additional experiments suggested that fasudil prevents both initial cellular architecture changes and cell migration in vitro. Finally, we provide in-depth evidence for the underlying mechanisms of fasudil-induced VM destruction using the Rho-GTPase agonist lysophosphatidic acid. In vivo studies revealed that fasudil reduced B16 melanoma cell xenograft tumor growth without causing significant toxicity in mice. Fasudil-treated tumors also displayed fewer VM channels. These results suggest that fasudil may be an emerging therapeutic option for targeting cancer VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Yi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Quan Fan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Hua Ren
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Guang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Meng J, Sun B, Zhao X, Zhang D, Zhao X, Gu Q, Dong X, Zhao N, Liu P, Liu Y. Doxycycline as an inhibitor of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:3107-22. [PMID: 25277383 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of doxycycline on the survival time and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo and on the biologic functions of HCC in vitro. This study was also designed to evaluate the effects of doxycycline on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)- and vasculogenic mimicry (VM)-related protein expression and on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity in vitro. Human MHCC97H cells were injected into BALB/c mice, which were divided into treatment and control groups. Doxycycline treatment prolonged the mouse survival time and partly suppressed the growth of engrafted HCC tumor cells, with an inhibition rate of 43.39%. Higher amounts of VM and endothelium-dependent vessels were found in the control group than the treatment group. IHC indicated that epithelial (E)-cadherin expression was increased in the doxycycline-treated mice compared with the control group. In in vitro experiments, doxycycline promoted HCC cell adhesion but inhibited HCC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blot analysis, semiquantitative RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence demonstrated that doxycycline inhibited the degradation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulated the expression levels of EMT promoters, the mesenchymal marker vimentin, and the VM-associated marker vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin. Furthermore, the activities of MMPs and DNMTs were examined in different groups via gelatin zymography and a DNMT activity assay kit. A methylation-specific PCR was performed to assess the promoter methylation of CDH1 (the gene encoding E-cadherin). Doxycycline prolonged the mouse survival time by inhibiting EMT progression and VM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueyi Dong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peimei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Overexpression of Wnt5a promotes angiogenesis in NSCLC. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:832562. [PMID: 24999479 PMCID: PMC4066942 DOI: 10.1155/2014/832562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate Wnt5a expression and its role in angiogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immunohistochemistry and CD31/PAS double staining were performed to examine the Wnt5a expression and we analyze the relationships between Wnt5a and microvessel density (MVD), vasculogenic mimicry (VM), and some related proteins. About 61.95% of cases of 205 NSCLC specimens exhibited high expression of Wnt5a. Wnt5a expression level was upregulated in the majority of NSCLC tissues, especially in squamous cell carcinoma, while its expression level in adenocarcinoma was the lowest. Wnt5a was also found more frequently expressed in male patients than in female patients. Except for histological classification and gender, little association was found between Wnt5a and clinicopathological features. Moreover, Wnt5a was significantly correlated with prognosis. Overall, Wnt5a-positive expression in patients with NSCLC indicated shorter survival time. As for vascularization in NSCLC, Wnt5a showed close association with VM and MVD. In addition, Wnt5a was positively related with β-catenin-nu, VE-cadherin, MMP2, and MMP9. The results demonstrated that overexpression of Wnt5a may play an important role in NSCLC angiogenesis and it may function via canonical Wnt signal pathway. This study will provide evidence for further research on NSCLC and also will provide new possible target for NSCLC diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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