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Kazantzi M, Prapa M, Christakou E, Paraschou D, Kalabalikis P, Barbaressou C, Papaevangelou V. Admissions due to vaccine preventable diseases in a large paediatric intensive care unit in Greece over a 10-year period. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:312-317. [PMID: 34467594 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Childhood immunisation is an important preventive measure. However, care givers may delay routine immunisations or seek exemptions from state vaccine mandates. Vaccine refusal creates barriers on vaccine coverage and leads to morbidity and mortality. METHODS Our study reviews morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in a large paediatric intensive care unit in Greece over a 10-year period. RESULTS During the study period, 73 cases of VPDs were recorded, corresponding to 3.5% of total paediatric intensive care unit admissions. Influenza was the most prevalent VPD, followed by pneumococcal disease, measles, pertussis and meningococcal disease. Most patients (83.3%) were unvaccinated for the admission's VPD. Outcome was unfavourable for 31.9% of the patients (17 children died, 6 developed chronic impairment). CONCLUSION Absent or incomplete vaccination may result in serious morbidity and mortality from preventable diseases. Strengthening vaccination strategies are needed to improve individual protection as well as herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kazantzi
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilena Prapa
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Paraschou
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kalabalikis
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charikleia Barbaressou
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Papaevangelou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Diks AM, Khatri I, Oosten LE, de Mooij B, Groenland RJ, Teodosio C, Perez-Andres M, Orfao A, Berbers GAM, Zwaginga JJ, van Dongen JJM, Berkowska MA. Highly Sensitive Flow Cytometry Allows Monitoring of Changes in Circulating Immune Cells in Blood After Tdap Booster Vaccination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666953. [PMID: 34177905 PMCID: PMC8223751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ag-specific Ig) levels are broadly used as correlates of protection. However, in several disease and vaccination models these fail to predict immunity. In these models, in-depth knowledge of cellular processes associated with protective versus poor responses may bring added value. We applied high-throughput multicolor flow cytometry to track over-time changes in circulating immune cells in 10 individuals following pertussis booster vaccination (Tdap, Boostrix®, GlaxoSmithKline). Next, we applied correlation network analysis to extensively investigate how changes in individual cell populations correlate with each other and with Ag-specific Ig levels. We further determined the most informative cell subsets and analysis time points for future studies. Expansion and maturation of total IgG1 plasma cells, which peaked at day 7 post-vaccination, was the most prominent cellular change. Although these cells preceded the increase in Ag-specific serum Ig levels, they did not correlate with the increase of Ig levels. In contrast, strong correlation was observed between Ag-specific IgGs and maximum expansion of total IgG1 and IgA1 memory B cells at days 7 to 28. Changes in circulating T cells were limited, implying the need for a more sensitive approach. Early changes in innate immune cells, i.e. expansion of neutrophils, and expansion and maturation of monocytes up to day 5, most likely reflected their responses to local damage and adjuvant. Here we show that simultaneous monitoring of multiple circulating immune subsets in blood by flow cytometry is feasible. B cells seem to be the best candidates for vaccine monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annieck M. Diks
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Indu Khatri
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Bas de Mooij
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rick J. Groenland
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Perez-Andres
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC; CIBERONC CB16/12/00400), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS Research Support Platform), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC; CIBERONC CB16/12/00400), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS Research Support Platform), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guy A. M. Berbers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Zwaginga
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Madhi SA, Rivera LM, Sáez-Llorens X, Menéndez C, Carrim-Ganey N, Cotton MF, Katzman D, Luttig MM, Candelario R, Baker S, Roychoudhury M. Factors influencing access of pregnant women and their infants to their local healthcare system: a prospective, multi-centre, observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:29. [PMID: 29334920 PMCID: PMC5769295 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The successful implementation of maternal vaccination relies on results of clinical trials, considering the prenatal and postnatal attendance at selected healthcare institutions. This study evaluated factors influencing maternal/infant access to healthcare facilities to identify potential barriers to participation in future clinical trials on maternal vaccination. Methods In this prospective, multi-centre, observational study, pregnant women (N = 3243) were enrolled at ten sites across Panama, the Dominican Republic, South Africa, and Mozambique between 2012 and 2014. They completed questionnaires at enrolment, delivery, and infant follow-up (90 days post-partum) visits, including questions on transportation, phone accessibility, alternative childcare, gestational age at enrolment, delivery location, and health status of their infant. Logistic regression was used to identify factors significantly associated with return to study site for delivery or infant follow-up visits. Results Among 3229 enrolled women with delivery information, 63.6% (range across sites: 25.3–91.5%) returned to study site for delivery. Older women and those at later gestational age at enrolment were more likely to deliver at the study site. While heterogeneities were observed at site level, shorter travel time at delivery and increased transportation costs at enrolment were associated with increased likelihood of women returning to study site for delivery. Among 3145 women with live-born infants, 3077 (95.3%) provided 90-day follow-up information; of these, 68.9% (range across sites: 25.6–98.9%) returned to study site for follow-up visits. Women with other children and with lower transportation costs at delivery were more likely to return to study site for follow-up visits. Among 666 infants reported sick, 94.3% were taken to a healthcare facility, with only 41.9% (range across sites: 4.9–77.3%) to the study site. Conclusion Although high retention was observed from enrolment through 90 days after delivery, post-partum surveillance should be broadened beyond the study sites and additional follow-up visits should be planned within the neonatal period. The factors influencing maternal/infant access to healthcare facilities and the issues identified in this study should be taken into consideration in planning future clinical studies on maternal immunisation in low- and middle-income countries. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01734434) on November 22, 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-017-1655-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,National Institute for Communicable Diseases: a division of National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Luis M Rivera
- Hospital Universitario Maternidad Nuestra Señora De La Altagracia Perinatology Department, Gazcue, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Xavier Sáez-Llorens
- Hospital del Niño "Dr. José Renán Esquivel", Infectious Disease Department, Panama City, Panama.,National System of Investigators (SNI), National Research of the National Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation of Panama (SENACYT), Panama City, Panama
| | - Clara Menéndez
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Manhiça Health Research Center (CISM), Manhiça, Mozambique
| | | | - Mark F Cotton
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Rosalba Candelario
- GSK (formerly employee of Novartis Vaccines Division), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sherryl Baker
- GSK (formerly employee of Novartis Vaccines Division), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mahua Roychoudhury
- GSK (formerly employee of Novartis Vaccines Division), Cambridge, MA, USA
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Torzsa P, Devadiga R, Tafalla M. Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis antibodies in adults in Hungary: results of an epidemiological cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:242. [PMID: 28376739 PMCID: PMC5379708 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pertussis (whooping cough) is well known to be underreported, particularly among adults, who can act as an infectious reservoir, potentially putting susceptible newborns at risk of serious illness. The purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of pertussis in adults in Hungary. Methods This epidemiological, cross-sectional study was conducted in adults in five general practitioners’ practices in Hungary. Serum anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G (anti-PT IgG) antibody levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera were classified following manufacturer’s instructions as: strongly indicative of current/recent infection (≥1.5 optical density [OD] units); indicative of current/recent infection (≥1.0 OD units); seropositive (>0.3 OD units); or seronegative (≤0.3 OD units). Logistic regression was performed to describe the associations between seroprevalence and various characteristics. Results Between 24th April 2014 and 24th April 2015, 1999 adults (60.6% female; mean age 47.4 ± 17.7 years) were included in the analysis. A total of 14.8% were seropositive for anti-PT IgG, 1.1% had a level indicative of current/recent infection, and 0.1% had a level strongly indicative of current/recent infection. Logistic regression showed significant relationships between increased rates of seropositivity and: age ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–2.80; p = .0002) or 18–29 years (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.13–2.46; p = .0094) vs. 45–59 years; former smoker (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.08–1.97; p = .014) or current smoker (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01–1.89; p = .045) vs. never smoker; and male (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01–1.68; p = .041) vs. female. Also, between increased rates of probable current/recent infection and current smoker (OR, 7.50; 95% CI, 2.32–24.31; p = .0008) or former smoker (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.21–13.64; p = .023) vs. never smoker. Conclusions Approximately 85% of the adults studied were seronegative and therefore susceptible to pertussis infection. Approximately 1% had anti-PT IgG levels indicative of current/recent pertussis infection, which could potentially be transmitted to susceptible young infants. Vaccination of adults is a key way to indirectly protect infants. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT02014519. Prospectively registered 12 December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Torzsa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, Budapest, 1125, Hungary
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Doherty M, Schmidt-Ott R, Santos JI, Stanberry LR, Hofstetter AM, Rosenthal SL, Cunningham AL. Vaccination of special populations: Protecting the vulnerable. Vaccine 2016; 34:6681-6690. [PMID: 27876197 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the strategic objectives of the 2011-2020 Global Vaccine Action Plan is for the benefits of immunisation to be equitably extended to all people. This approach encompasses special groups at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, such as preterm infants and pregnant women, as well as those with chronic and immune-compromising medical conditions or at increased risk of disease due to immunosenescence. Despite demonstrations of effectiveness and safety, vaccine uptake in these special groups is frequently lower than expected, even in developed countries with vaccination strategies in place. For example, uptake of the influenza vaccine in pregnancy rarely exceeds 50% in developed countries and, although data are scarce, it appears that only half of preterm infants are up-to-date with routine paediatric vaccinations. Many people with chronic medical conditions or who are immunocompromised due to disease or aging are also under-vaccinated. In the US, coverage among people aged 65years or older was 67% for the influenza vaccine in the 2014-2015 season and 55-60% for tetanus and pneumococcal vaccines in 2013, while the coverage rate for herpes zoster vaccination among those aged 60years or older was only 24%. In most other countries, rates are far lower. Reasons for under-vaccination of special groups include fear of adverse outcomes or illness caused by the vaccine, the inconvenience (and in some settings, cost) of vaccination and lack of awareness of the need for vaccination or national recommendations. There is also evidence that healthcare providers' attitudes towards vaccination are among the most important influences on the decision to vaccinate. It is clear that physicians' adherence to recommendations needs to be improved, particularly where patients receive care from multiple subspecialists and receive little or no care from primary care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Doherty
- GSK Vaccines, Avenue Fleming 20, Parc de la Noire Epine, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Lawrence R Stanberry
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York-Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Annika M Hofstetter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Susan L Rosenthal
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Westmead Institute, The Centre for Virus Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Anh DD, Jayadeva G, Kuriyakose S, Han HH. The safety and reactogenicity of a reduced-antigen-content diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa) booster vaccine in healthy Vietnamese children. Vaccine 2016; 34:4360-3. [PMID: 27435387 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite effective infant immunization against pertussis, the disease continues to circulate due to waning immunity. Booster vaccinations against pertussis beyond infancy are widely recommended. In Vietnam, however, no recommendations for pertussis boosters beyond the second year of life exist. This open-label, single-centre study was designed to assess the safety of a single booster dose of reduced-antigen-content-diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis vaccine (dTpa) in 300 healthy Vietnamese children (mean age 7.9years), who had completed primary vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. Solicited symptoms were recorded for 4days and unsolicited and serious adverse events (SAEs) for 31days post-vaccination. Pain and fatigue were the most common solicited local and general symptoms in 35.0% and 14.0% of children, respectively. Grade 3 swelling occurred in 3 children; no large injection site reactions or SAEs were reported. The dTpa booster vaccine was well tolerated and this study supports its administration in school age Vietnamese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Duc Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin, Hanoi 1000, Vietnam.
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7
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Sáfadi MAP. Pertussis in young infants: a severe vaccine-preventable disease. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2015; 5:1-4. [PMID: 26484327 PMCID: PMC4584662 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2015.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Palazzi Sáfadi
- Department of Pediatrics - Division of Infectious Diseases - FCM da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil
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