Tuberculosis in pregnancy: current recommendations for screening and treatment in the USA

"Take the treatment and be brave": Care experiences of pregnant women with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis

Background

There are few data on the on the care experiences of pregnant women with rifampicin-resistant TB.

Objective

To describe the treatment journeys of pregnant women with RR-TB—including how their care experiences shape their identities—and identify areas in which tailored interventions are needed.

Methods

In this qualitative study in-depth interviews were conducted among a convenience sample from a population of pregnant women receiving treatment for RR-TB. This paper follows COREQ guidelines. A thematic network analysis using an inductive approach was performed to analyze the interview transcripts and notes. The analysis was iterative and a coding system developed which focused on the care experiences of the women and how these experiences affected their perceptions of themselves, their children, and the health care system in which treatment was received.

Results

Seventeen women were interviewed. The women described multiple challenges in their treatment journeys which required them to demonstrate sustained resilience (i.e. to “be brave”). Care experiences required them to negotiate seemingly contradictory identities as both new mothers—“givers of life”—and RR-TB patients facing a complicated and potentially deadly disease. In terms of their “pregnancy identity” and “RR-TB patient identity” that emerged as part of their care experiences, four key themes were identified that appeared to have elements that were contradictory to one another (contradictory areas). These included: 1) the experience of physical symptoms or changes; 2) the experience of the “mothering” and “patient” roles; 3) the experience of the care they received for their pregnancy and their RR-TB; and 4) the experience of community engagement. There were also three areas that overlapped with both roles and during which identity was negotiated/reinforced and they included: 1) faith; 2) socioeconomic issues; and 3) long-term concerns over the child’s health. At times, the health care system exacerbated these challenges as the women were not given the support they needed by health care providers who were ill-informed or angry and treated the women in a discriminatory fashion. Left to negotiate this confusing time period, the women turned to faith, their own mothers, and the fathers of their unborn children.

Conclusion

The care experiences of the women who participated in this study highlight several gaps in the current health care system that must be better addressed in both TB and perinatal services in order to improve the therapeutic journeys for pregnant women with RR-TB and their children. Suggestions for optimizing care include the provision of integrated services, including specialized counseling as well as training for health care providers; engagement of peer support networks; provision of socioeconomic support; long-term medical care/follow-up for children born to women who were treated for RR-TB; and inclusion of faith-based services in the provision of care.

A case of tuberculosis in a pregnant woman and review of current literature

Tuberculosis (TB) in pregnancy can present with non-pulmonary symptoms, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. We present a case of TB in a pregnant woman and review current management recommendations.

Tuberculosis in pregnancy - case studies and a review of Australia's screening process

Few changes have occurred in the management of tuberculosis over the past two decades and many of the recent developments are in the area of diagnostics. The application of these to the pregnant population is not yet established. Two cases recently managed at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne highlight the need for clinicians managing pregnant women to rethink this condition and, with changes in migration and epidemiology, reconsider our screening practice.