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Yorifuji M, Affatato S, Tateiwa T, Takahashi Y, Shishido T, Marin E, Zanocco M, Zhu W, Pezzotti G, Yamamoto K. Wear Simulation of Ceramic-on-Crosslinked Polyethylene Hip Prostheses: A New Non-Oxide Silicon Nitride versus the Gold Standard Composite Oxide Ceramic Femoral Heads. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13132917. [PMID: 32610510 PMCID: PMC7372377 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the wear behavior of ceramic-on-vitamin-E-diffused crosslinked polyethylene (Vit-E XLPE) hip bearings employing the gold standard oxide ceramic, zirconia (ZrO2)-toughened alumina (Al2O3) (ZTA, BIOLOX®delta) and a new non-oxide ceramic, silicon nitride (Si3N4, MC2®). In vitro wear test was performed using a 12-station hip joint simulator. The test was carried out by applying the kinematic inputs and outputs as recommended by ISO 14242-1:2012. Vitamin-E-diffused crosslinked polyethylene (Vit-E XLPE) acetabular liners (E1®) were coupled with Ø28-mm ZTA and Si3N4 femoral heads. XLPE liner weight loss over 5 million cycles (Mc) of testing was compared between the two different bearing couples. Surface topography, phase contents, and residual stresses were analyzed by contact profilometer and Raman microspectroscopy. Vit-E XLPE liners coupled with Si3N4 heads produced slightly lower wear rates than identical liners with ZTA heads. The mean wear rates (corrected for fluid absorption) of liners coupled with ZTA and Si3N4 heads were 0.53 ± 0.24 and 0.49 ± 0.23 mg/Mc after 5 Mc of simulated gait, respectively. However, after wear testing, the ZTA heads retained a smoother topography and showed fewer surface stresses than the Si3N4 ones. Note that no statistically significant differences were found in the above comparisons. This study suggests that the tribochemically formed soft silica layer on the Si3N4 heads may have reduced friction and slightly lowered the wear of the Vit-E XLPE liners. Considering also that the toughness of Si3N4 is superior to ZTA, the present wear data represent positive news in the future development of long-lasting hip components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yorifuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Saverio Affatato
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (K.Y.)
| | - Toshiyuki Tateiwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Yasuhito Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Takaaki Shishido
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Matteo Zanocco
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (G.P.)
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (E.M.); (M.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (K.Y.)
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Environmental Stability and Residual Stresses in Zirconia Femoral Head for Total Hip Arthroplasty: In Vitro Aging versus Retrieval Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:638502. [PMID: 26146624 PMCID: PMC4469792 DOI: 10.1155/2015/638502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the low temperature degradation (LTD) behavior of femoral heads made of 3Y-TZP as observed on retrievals with that induced in vitro upon prolonged exposures to a hydrothermal environment. The time-dependent evolution of tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation and the related residual stresses were nondestructively monitored by Raman microspectroscopy. An increasing intensification of tensile and compressive stresses was detected with increasing hydrothermal aging duration in tetragonal and monoclinic phases, respectively. The dependence of monoclinic fraction upon exposure time was rationalized through the Mehl-Avrami-Johnson (MAJ) formalism in order to interpret the LTD process according to a two-step mechanism of formation and growth of monoclinic nuclei. In vitro results were compared to in vivo monoclinic contents in the same type of 3Y-TZP head retrievals after implantation periods of 1.6–16.6 y, also including literature data previously reported by other authors. One-hour exposure under the selected aging condition is estimated to correspond to in vivo exposures of 4 and 2 years according to ISO and ASTM criteria, respectively. A critical review of these two criteria according to the present analyses revealed that the ASTM simulation predicts more closely the in vivo results as compared to the ISO one.
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Pezzotti G. Bioceramics for Hip Joints: The Physical Chemistry Viewpoint. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:4367-4410. [PMID: 28788682 PMCID: PMC5455897 DOI: 10.3390/ma7064367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Which intrinsic biomaterial parameter governs and, if quantitatively monitored, could reveal to us the actual lifetime potential of advanced hip joint bearing materials? An answer to this crucial question is searched for in this paper, which identifies ceramic bearings as the most innovative biomaterials in hip arthroplasty. It is shown that, if in vivo exposures comparable to human lifetimes are actually searched for, then fundamental issues should lie in the physical chemistry aspects of biomaterial surfaces. Besides searching for improvements in the phenomenological response of biomaterials to engineering protocols, hip joint components should also be designed to satisfy precise stability requirements in the stoichiometric behavior of their surfaces when exposed to extreme chemical and micromechanical conditions. New spectroscopic protocols have enabled us to visualize surface stoichiometry at the molecular scale, which is shown to be the key for assessing bioceramics with elongated lifetimes with respect to the primitive alumina biomaterials used in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8126, Japan.
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Loma Linda University, 11406 Loma Linda Drive, Suite 606 Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi dori, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan .
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Pezzotti G, Yamamoto K. Artificial hip joints: The biomaterials challenge. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 31:3-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Puppulin L, Leto A, Wenliang Z, Sugano N, Pezzotti G. Innovative tribometer for in situ spectroscopic analyses of wear mechanisms and phase transformation in ceramic femoral heads. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 31:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kumakura T, Puppulin L, Yamamoto K, Takahashi Y, Pezzotti G. In-Depth Oxidation and Strain Profiles in UHMWPE Acetabular Cups Non-Destructively Studied by Confocal Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:1809-22. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208x386417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kumakura
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, 160-0023 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leonardo Puppulin
- b Ceramic Physics Laboratory & Research Institute for Nanoscience, RIN, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, 160-0023 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Takahashi
- d Ceramic Physics Laboratory & Research Institute for Nanoscience, RIN, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- e Ceramic Physics Laboratory & Research Institute for Nanoscience, RIN, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
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Pezzotti G, Munisso MC, Lessnau K, Zhu W. Quantitative assessments of residual stress fields at the surface of alumina hip joints. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 95:250-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pezzotti G, Saito T, Padeletti G, Cossari P, Yamamoto K. Nano-scale topography of bearing surface in advanced alumina/zirconia hip joint before and after severe exposure in water vapor environment. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:762-6. [PMID: 20058275 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a surface morphology assessment with nanometer scale resolution on femoral heads made of an advanced zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composite. Femoral heads were characterized to a degree of statistical accuracy in the as-received state and after exposures up to 100 h in severe vapor-moist environment. Surface screening was made using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Scanning was systematically repeated on portions of surface as large as several tens of micrometers, randomly selected on the head surface, to achieve sufficient statistical reliability without lowering the nanometer-scale spatial resolution of the roughness measurement. No significant difference was found in the recorded values of surface roughness after environmental exposure (at 134 degrees C, under 2 bar), which was always comparable to that of the as-received head. Surface roughness safely lay <10 nm after environmental exposures up to 100 h, which corresponded to an exposure time in vivo of several human lifetimes (i.e., according to an experimentally derived thermal activation energy). In addition, the roughness results were significantly (about one order of magnitude) lower as compared to those recorded on femoral heads made of monolithic zirconia tested under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Research Institute for Nanoscience, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Japan.
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Evaluation of phase stability in zirconia femoral heads from different manufacturers after in vitro testing or in vivo retrieval. J Arthroplasty 2009; 24:1225-30. [PMID: 19679435 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2009.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yttria-stabilized zirconia femoral heads from 3 different manufacturers were tested in vitro with respect to their phase stability and compared with retrieved zirconia heads. The monoclinic content on the surface of unused heads was analyzed by confocal Raman spectroscopy after exposure for increasing times to moist atmosphere. The increase in monoclinic content was then plotted as a function of geometric location on the head surface of the head and compared with that measured at similar locations after in vivo exposure. Profiles of residual stress associated to polymorphic transformation were also measured from the collected Raman spectra. A striking finding was that, in some samples, polymorphic transformation occurred since the very early stage of the environmental exposure even if those samples belonged to new-generation products.
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