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Wyszyńska M, Czelakowska A, Rosak P, Kasperski J, Łopacińska M, Ghanem A, Mertas A, Skucha-Nowak M. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Oral Bacterial Flora in Patients Wearing Complete Dentures and on the Level of Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a Marker of Inflammation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5556. [PMID: 37685622 PMCID: PMC10488653 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaled nitric oxide is helpful in the diagnosis of the inflammation process. The study aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 disease on the oral bacterial flora of patients using complete dentures with a diagnostic device that measures the level of NO in exhaled air. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included patients using upper and lower acrylic complete dentures. All patients participating in the study were vaccinated against COVID-19. The patients were divided into two groups. A dental examination was conducted in each group. The NO concentration was measured using the Vivatmo Pro device. An oral microbiological examination was performed by taking a swab from the bottom of the mouth. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of NO in relation to the number of bacteria from isolated families in the study and control groups and no statistically significant correlations between the level of NO and the number of bacteria from all families in the control and study group. Significantly higher NO values were present in the vaccinated and COVID-19-positive history population compared to the vaccinated and with no COVID-19 history population (patients with no clinical symptoms of infection or unaware they had COVID-19). CONCLUSIONS There are statistically significant differences in NO distribution in the considered populations: vaccinated and sick, and vaccinated and with a negative history of COVID-19. The measurement of NO in exhaled air can be a complementary, non-invasive diagnostic and inflammation monitoring method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wyszyńska
- Department of Dental Materials, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czelakowska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Przemysław Rosak
- Specialist Dental Practice Przemysław Rosak, 13 Piłsudskiego Street, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Maria Łopacińska
- Institute of Dentistry and General Medicine, 8 Łabędzia Street, 40-534 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Amir Ghanem
- Doctoral’s School, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Anna Mertas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak
- Department of Dental Propedeutics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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An Evidence-Based Review of Application Devices for Nitric Oxide Concentration Determination from Exhaled Air in the Diagnosis of Inflammation and Treatment Monitoring. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134279. [PMID: 35807523 PMCID: PMC9268246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is used in diagnostics and monitoring the pathologies not only in the respiratory system but also in the oral cavity. It has shown a huge increase in its level in asthma and diseases of the oral cavity. It seems reasonable to undertake research on the impact of inflammation on the level of NO in exhaled air. The aim of the study is to make an evidence-based review of the application of NO levels in exhaled air in the diagnosis of inflammation and treatment monitoring on the basis of selected measuring devices. Methods and Results: This paper presents an example of the application of NO measurement in exhaled air in individual human systems. Selected measuring devices, their non-invasiveness, and their advantages are described. Discussion: The usefulness of this diagnostic method in pathologies of the oral cavity was noted. Conclusions: Measuring the level of NO in exhaled air seems to be a useful diagnostic method.
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Wyszyńska M, Rosak P, Czelakowska A, Białożyt-Bujak E, Kasperski J, Łopaciński M, Al Khatib N, Skucha-Nowak M. Pilot Study of Use of Nitric Oxide in Monitoring Multiple Dental Foci in Oral Cavity—A Case Report. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020195. [PMID: 35206810 PMCID: PMC8872459 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The most common cause of implant loss and deteriorating restoration aesthetics is infection and chronic inflammation of the tissues around the implants. Inflammation in the oral cavity, confirmed by clinical and histopathological examination and determination of exhaled nitric oxide, is a situation which may cause the complications on the whole human body. Elimination of the patology in the oral cavity in some cases is the only resonable treatment. The aims and objectives of our work is to present a gradual treatment of advanced infalmmation and present huge reduction stamp of inflammation measured with marker nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air. Materials and Methods: Simple treatment containing elimantion of pathology in the oral cavity was conducted. Patient that came to the dental practice suffered from the inflammation caused by lack of proper hygiene. First aid in this situation was to eliminate the inflammation which may affect negatively for general health. At first visit full hygienization was performed, at the second visit roots of abutment teeth and implants were removed under local anesthesia along with cystic changes. Results: The hygiene precedures and extraction of the unsteady inflammationprosthetic restorations significantly decreased the level of NO in exhaled air. Conclusions: During the examination of the patient coming to the dental practice great attention should be paid to the coexistence of pathologies related to the oral cavity. Omission of a dental examination and possible elimination of odontogenic foci may affect the implication of the results of general diagnostics and subsequent treatment. Measuring the level of NO on exhaled air seems to be useful diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wyszyńska
- Department of Dental Materials, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Przemysław Rosak
- Specialist Dental Practice Przemysław Rosak, 13 Piłsudskiego Street, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Czelakowska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Ewa Białożyt-Bujak
- Department of Dental Materials, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Maciej Łopaciński
- Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Nour Al Khatib
- Student of 4th Year Dentistry Program, Student Scientific Society in Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak
- Department of Dental Propedeutics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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Measurement of the Level of Nitric Oxide in Exhaled Air in Patients Using Acrylic Complete Dentures and with Oral Pathologies. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is used in diagnostics and monitoring of the pathologies in the respiratory system but also in the oral cavity. Researchers have shown a huge increase of its level in asthma and diseases in the oral cavity. It seems reasonable to research the impact of pathologies in the oral cavity on the level of NO in exhaled air. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of inflammation in the oral cavity (according to the material of dentures) on the level of nitric oxide in exhaled air. Three groups of patients were examined in this study. The hygiene of acrylic dentures, hard tissues, periodontal tissues, hygiene of the oral cavity, and level of NO in exhaled air were examined. Prosthetic stomatitis, denture plaque, tooth decay, poor sanitation and periodontitis increase levels of NO.
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Heffler E, Carpagnano GE, Favero E, Guida G, Maniscalco M, Motta A, Paoletti G, Rolla G, Baraldi E, Pezzella V, Piacentini G, Nardini S. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) in the management of asthma: a position paper of the Italian Respiratory Society (SIP/IRS) and Italian Society of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology (SIAAIC). Multidiscip Respir Med 2020; 15:36. [PMID: 32269772 PMCID: PMC7137762 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2020.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma prevalence in Italy is on the rise and is estimated to be over 6% of the general population. The diagnosis of asthma can be challenging and elusive, especially in children and the last two decades has brought evidences that asthma is not a single disease but consists of various phenotypes. Symptoms can be underestimated by the patient or underreported to the clinician and physical signs can be scanty. Usual objective measures, like spirometry, are necessary but sometimes not significant. Despite proper treatment, asthma can be a very severe condition (even leading to death), however new drugs have recently become available which can be very effective in its control. Since asthma is currently thought to be caused by inflammation, a direct measure of the latter can be of paramount importance. For this purpose, the measurement of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) has been used since the early years of the current century as a non-invasive, easy-to-assess tool useful for diagnosing and managing asthma. This SIP-IRS/SIAAIC Position Paper is a narrative review which summarizes the evidence behind the usefulness of FENO in the diagnosis, management and phenotypization of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano (MI).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI)
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia; Section of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital d'Avanzo, Foggia
| | - Elisabetta Favero
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Immunological and Respiratory Rare Disease, Allergologic Clinic Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso
| | - Giuseppe Guida
- Allergy and Pneumology Unit, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri, Institute of Telese Terme IRCCS
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli (NA)
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano (MI).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI)
| | - Giovanni Rolla
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Turin and A.O. Mauriziano, Turin
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua
| | - Vincenza Pezzella
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Paediatric Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona
| | - Stefano Nardini
- Italian Respiratory Society-Società Italiana di Pneumologia, Milan, Italy
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Taylor L, Ding X, Clifton D, Lu H. Wearable Vital Signs Monitoring for Patients With Asthma: A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2020; 23:1734-1751. [PMID: 37655115 PMCID: PMC7615004 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2022.3224411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide,an estimated 461 000 people die from asthma attacks each year. While there remain treatments to alleviate asthma symptoms and reduce deaths, patient deterioration needs to be identified in sufficient time. To prevent asthma deterioration, patients need to be aware of personal and environmental triggers and monitor their asthma symptoms. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art wearable sensors and devices that use vital signs for asthma patient monitoring and management. Among all vital signs, breathing rate and airflow sound are key indicators of asthmatic patients' health that can be measured directly using wearable sensors to provide continuous and constant patient monitoring or indirectly by estimations based on proven algorithms using electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), and chest movements. ECG and PPG signals are widely used in smart watches and chest bands, enabling easy integration of a more extensive body sensor framework for asthmatic exacerbation prediction. Other vital signs used in asthma patient monitoring include blood oxygen saturation, temperature, blood pressure, verbal sound, and pain responses. The use of wearable vital signs enabled a broad range of wearable sensor application scenarios for asthma monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Taylor
- Somerville College and the Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX2 6HD Oxford, U.K
| | - Xiaorong Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China
| | - David Clifton
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ Oxford, U.K., and also with the Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Huiqi Lu
- Somerville College and the Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX2 6HD Oxford, U.K
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Rapson TD, Hall GL, Sutherland TD. Could home-based FeNO measurements breathe new life into asthma management? J Asthma 2018; 56:910-913. [PMID: 29972651 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1493604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Rapson
- a Health and Biosecurity - CSIRO , Canberra, ACT , Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- b Children's Lung Health, Telethon Kids Institute, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University , Subiaco , WA , Australia
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Maniscalco M, Vitale C, Vatrella A, Molino A, Bianco A, Mazzarella G. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide-measuring devices: technology update. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2016; 9:151-60. [PMID: 27382340 PMCID: PMC4922771 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s91201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) has been employed in the diagnosis of specific types of airway inflammation, guiding treatment monitoring by predicting and assessing response to anti-inflammatory therapy and monitoring for compliance and detecting relapse. Various techniques are currently used to analyze exhaled NO concentrations under a range of conditions for both health and disease. These include chemiluminescence and electrochemical sensor devices. The cost effectiveness and ability to achieve adequate flexibility in sensitivity and selectivity of NO measurement for these methods are evaluated alongside the potential for use of laser-based technology. This review explores the technologies involved in the measurement of exhaled NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maniscalco
- Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital "S Maria della Pietà" of Casoria, Naples
| | - Carolina Vitale
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno
| | - Antonio Molino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Federico II
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Xu T, Scafa N, Xu LP, Su L, Li C, Zhou S, Liu Y, Zhang X. Electrochemical Sensors for Nitric Oxide Detection in Biological Applications. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maniscalco M, Pelaia G, Sofia M. Exhaled nasal nitric oxide during humming: potential clinical tool in sinonasal disease? Biomark Med 2013; 7:261-6. [PMID: 23547821 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) in sinonasal disease has recently been advocated as a potential tool to explore upper inflammatory airway disease. However, it is currently hampered by some factors including the wide range of measurement methods, the presence of various confounding factors and the heterogeneity of the study population. The contribution of nasal airway and paranasal sinuses communicating with the nose through the ostia represents the main confounding factor. There is accumulating evidence that nasal humming (which is the production of a tone without opening the lips or forming words) during nNO measurement increases nNO levels due to a rapid gas exchange in the paranasal sinuses. The aim of this review is to discuss the basic concepts and clinical applications of nNO assessment during humming, which represents a simple and noninvasive method to approach sinonasal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maniscalco
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital S Maria della Pietà, Casoria, Naples, Italy.
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Reference values and factors associated with exhaled nitric oxide: U.S. youth and adults. Respir Med 2013; 107:1682-91. [PMID: 24041745 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normative values for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and the associated co-factors are important in understanding the role of FeNO as a biomarker in airway disease. The objective of this study is to establish reference FeNO values for youth and adult asymptomatic, lifetime nonsmokers in the United States, and to describe the factors affecting these levels. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2010. The analytic sample consisted of 4718 youth and adults, ages 6-79 years, who were lifelong nonsmokers, and free of asthma, and other respiratory conditions and symptoms. Loge FeNO values were used as dependent variables to test associations of demographic and health related-covariates. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the independent effect and covariate-adjusted contribution of the factors. RESULTS The geometric mean FeNO level was 8.3, 12.1, and 16.2 ppb for males 6-11, 12-19, and 20-79 years, and 8.4, 10.9, and 12.6 ppb for females in the corresponding age groups. Overall, FeNO levels increased with increasing age (p < 0.001), and height (p < 0.001). In all age groups, FeNO levels were positively associated with eosinophil counts, and with testing in the morning. Among youths 6-11 and 12-19 years, non-Hispanics whites had lower FeNO values than non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanic youths. No race-ethnic difference in FeNO levels was evident for adults 20-79 years. Among adolescents and adults, FeNO levels were higher for males than for females, controlling for all other factors. CONCLUSIONS These reference values and associated attributes in youths and adults are useful in evaluating the role of FeNO in airway diseases.
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Magori E, Hiltawsky K, Fleischer M, Simon E, Pohle R, von Sicard O, Tawil A. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement with a handheld device. J Breath Res 2011; 5:027104. [PMID: 21646688 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/2/027104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A sensing system for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement is presented, which is characterized by a compact setup and a cost potential to be made available for the patient at home. The sensing is based on the work function measurement of a phthalocyanine-type sensing material, which is shown to be sufficiently sensitive for NO(2) in the ppb range. The transducer used to measure the work function is a field effect transistor with a suspended gate electrode. Selectivity is given with respect to other breath components including typically metabolic by-products. The measurement system includes breath treatments in a simple setup, which essentially are dehumidification and a quantitative conversion of NO to NO(2) with a conversion rate of approx. 95%, using a disposable oxidation catalyst. The accomplishment of the correct exhalation maneuver and feeding of the suited portion of exhaled air to the sensor is provided by breath sampling means. The sensor is not gas consuming. This allows us to fill the measurement chamber once, instead of establishing a gas flow for the measurement. This feature simplifies the device architecture. In this paper, we report on sensor characteristics, system architecture and measurement with artificial breath-gas as well as with human breath with the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Magori
- Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich, Germany.
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