Humanized Care: insertion of obstetric nurses in a teaching hospital

Quantitative cardiac autonomic outcomes of hydrotherapy in women during the first stage of labor

Introduction

Most hydrotherapy studies during childbirth report findings related to pain using a widespread set of subjective measures. In this study, ECG biomarkers as quantitative cardiac autonomic outcomes were used to assess the effects of warm shower hydrotherapy on laboring women during the first stage of labor.

Methods

This was a prospective single-blind cohort study on stage I delivering women. Their cardiac autonomic function was assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) measures during a deep breathing test using point-of-care testing comprised of an HRV scanner system with wireless ECG enabling real-time data analysis and visualization. Labor pain and anxiety were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VASP) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). A total of 105 pregnant women in the first stage of labor who received warm shower hydrotherapy, intravenous analgesia (scopolamine + sodium dipyrone), or spinal anesthetic (bupivacaine + morphine) were enrolled.

Results

In women during the first stage of labor, parasympathetic modulation reflected through RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR interval differences) was significantly reduced by hydrotherapy and intravenous analgesia (before vs. after mean rank diff. 35.73 and 65.93, respectively, p < 0.05). Overall HRV (SDNN, standard deviation of RR intervals) was significantly decreased only by intravenous analgesia (before vs. after mean rank diff. 65.43, p < 0.001). Mean heart rate was significantly increased by intravenous analgesia, while spinal anesthesia reduced it, and hydrotherapy did not alter it (before vs. after mean rank diff. -49.35*, 70.38*, -24.20 ^NS , respectively, *p < 0.05, ^NS not significant).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that warm shower therapy may impact the sympathovagal balance via parasympathetic withdrawal in women during the initial stage of labor. The findings of this study provide quantitative support for using warm shower hydrotherapy during labor via point-of-care testing. The dependability of hydrotherapy as a non-pharmacological treatment is linked to the completion of more clinical research demonstrating quantitative evidence via outcome biomarkers to support indications on stress and birth progress.

Satisfaction with the Care Received and the Childbirth and Puerperium Experience in Christian and Muslim Pregnant Women

Over the last three decades, there has been an increase in the population as a result of the migratory flow due to the arrival of migrants to Spain, including young women of childbearing age and with reproductive capacity. This phenomenon has made childbirth assistance an extremely important priority in recent years. The aim of this study was to assess the satisfaction and experience during childbirth and the postpartum period in pregnant women according to their religion after assistance in a tertiary hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 242 women using the validated Spanish version of the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale (MCSRS) to measure satisfaction with the childbirth experience during the months of January to April 2021. Statistically significant differences were found in the domains of birth satisfaction (p < 0.01), satisfaction with the obstetrician (p < 0.01), and perception of pain during labour (p < 0.01). The Christian group of women scored higher in these three domains as compared to the Muslim group. The rate of breastfeeding at birth was 5.26 times higher among the Muslim group compared to the Christian group (p = 0.02). The experience of childbirth and the puerperium significantly influenced the levels of satisfaction of pregnant women with the process of childbirth in a different way according to the religious culture of the patient.

Tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado utilizadas por enfermeiras obstétricas: contribuições terapêuticas

Resumo Objetivo descrever as contribuições terapêuticas da utilização de tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado, oferecidas por enfermeiras obstétricas, durante o trabalho de parto. Método estudo qualitativo e descritivo, com oito enfermeiras obstétricas da casa de parto do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados de setembro a dezembro de 2018, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e submetidos à técnica de análise temática. Resultados para aliviar a dor e promover relaxamento, recorrem ao estímulo à participação do acompanhante e à respiração consciente, à aplicação da massagem, à promoção do ambiente acolhedor e ao uso da água morna e dos óleos essenciais. Para ativar o trabalho de parto, auxiliar na descida da apresentação e correção do posicionamento fetal, incentivam posicionamentos verticalizados e movimentos corporais, com alguns instrumentos. Conclusões e implicações para a prática tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado possuem contribuições terapêuticas e conformam um cuidado desmedicalizado, respeitoso e centrado na mulher, que promove a autonomia feminina.

Potencialidades e limitações da atuação do enfermeiro no Centro Parto Normal

RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer as potencialidades e limitações da atuação do enfermeiro no Centro de Parto Normal (CPN). Método abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório e descritivo, realizado em 2018, com seis enfermeiras atuantes em CPN intra-hospitalar público na região metropolitana de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. A coleta das informações ocorreu por meio de entrevista individual, com análise a partir dos pressupostos da sociologia das profissões, com foco nos temas: conhecimento e autonomia; credencialismo; divisão do trabalho; mercado de trabalho e quadro de valores. Resultado A atuação do enfermeiro no CPN potencializa as boas práticas para o parto e nascimento, bem como amplia a importância e visibilidade deste profissional no cuidado materno-infantil. O cuidado clínico e a gestão emergem como foco da ação do enfermeiro no CPN. No entanto, mesmo com a indução do Estado para essa atuação, ainda há a necessidade de reconhecimento das competências e autonomia do enfermeiro no cuidado obstétrico por outros profissionais. Conclusão e implicações para a prática Há desafios que precisam ser superados como a ampliação da autonomia e do respeito ao credenciamento do enfermeiro para atuação no CPN e a harmonização entre a gestão do processo de trabalho e gestão do cuidado clínico por este profissional.

Factors associated with obstetric interventions in public maternity hospitals

Abstract Objectives: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with obstetric interventions in parturients assisted in public maternity hospitals. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 344 puerperal women, from two public maternity hospitals, referring to childbirth by Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (Public Health Service System) in Londrina City, Paraná, Brazil, between January and June 2017. The medical records were the data source. The following obstetric interventions were considered: oxytocin use, artificial rupture of the membranes, instrumental childbirth and episiotomy. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to analyze associated factors, with p<5% being significant. Results: the prevalence of obstetric intervention was 55.5%, the maximum number of interventions in the same parturient woman was three. The most frequent interventions were the use of oxytocin (50.0%) and artificial rupture of membranes (29.7%). The variables associated on maternal disease (p=0.005) and intrapartum meconium (p=0.022) independently increased, the risk of obstetric intervention, while dilation was equal to or greater than 5 cm at admission, there was a protective factor against this outcome (p=0.030). Conclusion: the prevalence of obstetric interventions was high. In the case of maternal disease and intrapartum meconium, special attention should be given to the parturient woman, in order to avoid unnecessary interventions. Thus, the maternity hospitals need to review their protocols, seeking good practices in childbirth care.

Best practices in the delivery process: conceptions from nurse midwives

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the conceptions of nurse midwives about the care guided in the best practices to the women in the delivery process. Method: descriptive research with a qualitative approach developed in a Federal Maternity-School. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 nurse midwives, and the speeches were categorized according to the thematic content analysis proposed by Franco. Results: the study reveals that care based on best practices should be based on scientific knowledge, avoiding unnecessary interventions and encourages the use of non-pharmacological techniques for pain relief, appropriate environment, individualized care, the bond between professional and parturient, as well as its role. Final Consideration: while criticizing the excess of interventions, nurse midwives value noninvasive techniques and interpersonal relationships, as well as the subjectivities of the parturient that contributes to the humanized care in the delivery process.

The insertion of the nurse midwife in delivery and birth: obstacles in a teaching hospital in the Rio de Janeiro state

ABSTRACT Objective: analyze the insertion of the nurse midwife in a teaching hospital in Rio de Janeiro State. Method: descriptive, exploratory study of qualitative nature, study case type, carried out in a maternity in the mountain region, with nine healthcare professionals and six managers. The data collection occurred from December 2016 to March 2017, by semi-structured interviews that subsequently transcribed and submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality. Results: difficulties were observed for the insertion of the nurse midwife such as: lack of specialist nurses in the delivery room; absence of space for the professional autonomy; political partisans influence in the health management; acting conflict with the obstetricians; no team support, mainly with regard to workers qualification. Conclusion: this study shows the need for direct insertion of the nurse midwife in delivery and birth, especially valuing humanized care and autonomy for professional practice.

Taxa de cesariana nas primigestas atendidas numa maternidade pública com assistência humanizada no município de Juiz de Fora – MG

Nos últimos tempos, o Brasil tem vivenciado uma mudança de paradigma na forma de nascer. A elevada taxa de cesarianas tem demonstrado a banalização desse procedimento. Na tentativa de mudar essa realidade, o Ministério da Saúde instituiu em todo o território brasileiro o Programa de Humanização no Pré-natal e Nascimento. Com o objetivo de verificar a frequência de parto cesáreo e as principais indicações de parto operatório no momento da internação nas primigestas atendidas na Maternidade Viva Vida de Juiz de Fora – MG, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, baseado na análise do prontuário das primigestas internadas para parto na maternidade supracitada, durante o período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014, obtendo um total de 811 primigestas. Foram investigados o perfil epidemiológico, risco pré-natal, motivo de internação, tipo de parto e as principais indicações de parto operatório no momento da internação. O parto cesáreo ocorreu em 40,0% das primigestas e os principais motivos que levaram à indicação de parto operatório no momento da internação foram as distócias (37,8%) e os distúrbios hipertensivos maternos (35,0%). O presente estudo concluiu que a taxa de cesariana encontrada foi semelhante à média da rede pública brasileira. Entretanto, cabe ressaltar que grande parte das indicações de parto operatório no momento da internação permeiam as indicações relativas e absolutas preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde.