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Nesvizhsky YV, Voropaev AD, Afanasiev SS, Volchkova EV, Afanasiev MS, Voropaeva EA, Suleimanova ME, Budanova EV, Urban YN. The association between <i>Candida albicans</i> sensitivity to antimycotic drugs and the architecture of their microbial community in the oropharynx of HIV infected patients. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Relevance. Candida infection remains relevant due to the wide spread of antimycotic-resistant strains of Candida fungi, especially among immunocompromised individuals. It was previously discovered that the Candida spp. microbial community in the biotope of the oropharynx of HIV infected patients is characterized by a certain architecture: they can be present in this biotope in the form of a monoculture or as association of co-isolates. It has been suggested that the architecture of the Candida microbial community may influence their resistance to antimycotic drugs.
Purpose a comparative study of the association between the architecture of the C. albicans microbial community in the oropharynx of HIV infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and their sensitivity to antimycotic drugs.
Materials and methods. A microbiological study of 52 isolates of Candida fungi (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei) from the oropharynx of 31 HIV infected patients with clinical manifestations of oropharyngeal candidiasis aged 20 to 69 years with almost equal gender distribution was carried out. In the form of monocultures, 18 isolates were isolated, while 34 were identified as co-isolates, which formed 16 homogeneous communities that included strains of the same species, and 18 heterogeneous ones that consisted of fungi of various species.
Results. It was found that heterogeneous communities of C. albicans were markedly distinguished by sensitivity to antimycotic drugs, in particular, by low sensitivity to imidazoles. Homogeneous communities practically did not differ from monocultural ones. The general properties of the C. non-albicans population were largely similar to those of C. albicans, but were characterized by lower heterogeneity in response to antimycotic drugs.
Conclusion. The architecture of the community of C. albicans isolated from the oropharynx of HIV infected patients with clinical manifestations of oropharyngeal candidiasis affects their sensitivity to antimycotic drugs. When selecting effective antimycotic therapy for such patients, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the Candida spp. community in the oropharynx.
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Freitas VAQ, Santos AS, Zara ALSA, Costa CR, Godoy CSDM, Soares RDBA, Ataídes FS, Silva MDRR. Distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolated from people living with HIV/AIDS in a public hospital in Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:125-133. [PMID: 36371517 PMCID: PMC9943819 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity and is a significant clinical problem, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Although Candida albicans is the most frequent pathogen, at least 30 species capable of causing infection have been described. Identifying the infecting organism is necessary because the species respond differently to therapy, and antifungal susceptibility testing is important to determine the appropriate treatment. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and mycological profiles of OPC in hospitalized PLWHA. Clinical samples were collected from 103 PLWHA with suspected candidiasis admitted to the Hospital Estadual of Doenças Tropicais/Hospital Anuar Auad of Goiania, Goias, Brazil, for 14 months. Candida species were identified using phenotypic microbiological techniques and molecular analysis performed by PCR using species-specific primers. The antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolates against the six antifungal agents was determined using the broth microdilution method. Here, female individuals were the most affected by OPC, presenting a higher risk of oral colonization by Candida spp. The main clinical manifestation was pseudomembranous candidiasis. The number of cases of candidiasis was 87.3% (90/103), with C. albicans being the most common species, followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. In the susceptibility pattern, non-albicans Candida showed higher resistance to than C. albicans. The fast and accurate identification of Candida spp. is very important to identify therapeutic agents for the treatment of oral candidiasis in PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa Santana Santos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Rodrigues Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cassia Silva de Miranda Godoy
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Hospital Estadual de Doenças Tropicais Dr. Anuar Auad, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Renata de Bastos Ascenço Soares
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Hospital Estadual de Doenças Tropicais Dr. Anuar Auad, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Sulforaphane Anti- Candida Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121842. [PMID: 36551499 PMCID: PMC9774275 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis/candidosis is a common and recurrent opportunistic fungal infection. Fluconazole (FLZ), one of the most used and effective antifungal agents, has been associated with a rise of resistant Candida species in immunocompromised patients undergoing prophylactic therapy. Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound from cruciferous vegetables, is an antimicrobial with yet controversial activities and mechanisms on fungi. Herein, the in silico and antifungal activities of SFN against C. albicans were investigated. In silico analyzes for the prediction of the biological activities and oral bioavailability of SFN, its possible toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as the estimates of its gastrointestinal absorption, permeability to the blood-brain barrier and skin, and similarities to drugs, were performed by using different software. SFN in vitro anti-Candida activities alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLZ) were determined by the broth microdilution method and the checkerboard, biofilm and hyphae formation tests. Amongst the identified probable biological activities of SFN, nine indicated an antimicrobial potential. SFN was predicted to be highly absorbable by the gastrointestinal tract, to present good oral availability, and not to be irritant and/or hepatotoxic. SFN presented antifungal activity against C. albicans and prevented both biofilm and hyphae formation by this microorganism. SFN was additive/synergistic to FLZ. Overall, the data highlights the anti-Candida activity of SFN and its potential to be used as an adjuvant therapy to FLZ in clinical settings.
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Roberto de Souza Fonseca R, Valois Laurentino R, Fernando Almeida Machado L, Eduardo Vieira da Silva Gomes C, Oliveira de Alencar Menezes T, Faciola Pessoa O, Branco Oliveira-Filho A, Resque Beckmann Carvalho T, Gabriela Faciola Pessoa de Oliveira P, Brito Tanaka E, Sá Elias Nogueira J, Magno Guimarães D, Newton Carneiro M, Mendes Acatauassú Carneiro P, Ferreira Celestino Junior A, de Almeida Rodrigues P, Augusto Fernandes de Menezes S. HIV Infection and Oral Manifestations: An Update. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a complete depletion of the immune system; it has been a major health issue around the world since the 1980s, and due to the reduction of CD4+ T lymphocytes levels, it can trigger various opportunistic infections. Oral lesions are usually accurate indicators of immunosuppression because these oral manifestations may occur as a result of the compromised immune system caused by HIV infection; therefore, oral lesions might be initial and common clinical features in people living with HIV. So, it is necessary to evaluate and understand the mechanism, prevalence, and risk factors of oral lesions to avoid the increase morbidity among those with oral diseases.
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Fenley JDC, de Barros PP, do Carmo PHF, Garcia MT, Rossoni RD, Junqueira JC. Repurposing HIV Protease Inhibitors Atazanavir and Darunavir as Antifungal Treatments against Candida albicans Infections: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5379-5389. [PMID: 36354676 PMCID: PMC9688711 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the chief etiological agent of candidiasis, a mycosis prevalent in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In recent years, the introduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) has reduced the prevalence of candidiasis in these patients. Seeking new therapeutic strategies based on the perspective of drug repositioning, we evaluated the effects of two second-generation HIV-PIs, atazanavir (ATV) and darunavir (DRV), on virulence factors of C. albicans and experimental candidiasis. For this, clinical strains of C. albicans were subjected to in vitro and in vivo treatments with ATV or DRV. As a result, ATV and DRV exhibited antifungal activity against fungal cells at 512 μg/mL, reduced the viability and biomass of biofilms, and inhibited filamentation of C. albicans. In addition, these HIV-PIs downregulated the expression of SAP2 and BRC1 genes of C. albicans. In an in vivo study, prophylactic use of ATV and DRV prolonged the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans. Therefore, ATV and DRV showed activity against C. albicans by reducing cell growth, biofilm formation, filamentation, and expression of virulence genes. Furthermore, ATV and DRV decreased experimental candidiasis, suggesting the repurposing of HIV-PIs as antifungal treatments for C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de C. Fenley
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P. de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte 59300-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. F. do Carmo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Maíra T. Garcia
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Rodnei D. Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
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Cupozak-Pinheiro WJ, Araújo de Almeida-Apolonio A, Sasaki MH, Maran NH, Pires de Araújo R, Silva DBDS, Víctor de Andrade Dos Santos J, Barufatti A, Chang MR, Pires de Oliveira KM. Candida species contamination in drinking groundwater from residence wells in three municipalities of midwestern Brazil and the potential human health risks. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105660. [PMID: 35764189 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater represents one of the largest safe drinking water sources worldwide; however, it has been threatened by increased human activities in recent years. Candida species express virulence factors that contribute to the establishment and worsening of infections, although little is known about the virulence profiles of these species in potable groundwater. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of yeasts in groundwater from residential wells and to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility profile, hydrolytic enzyme production, adhesion capacity, and biofilm formation of Candida spp. Fifty yeasts representing nine genera were isolated: Candida (48%), Meyerozyma (20%), Pichia (8%), Exophiala (8%), Clavispora (4%), Kodamaea (4%), Rhodotorula (4%), Hanseniaspora (2%), and Kazachstania (2%). Candida parapsilosis was the most commonly isolated species, and approximately 29% of the Candida isolates were resistant to at least one azole. All Candida isolates were able to produce hydrolytic enzymes and adhere to polystyrene, and most were classified as hydrophobic. Candida spp. can establish and form biofilms when cultivated in different media such as Sabouraud broth, water, and calcium hypochlorite. The use of contaminated groundwater for human consumption represents a possible route for the transmission of clinically relevant yeasts that can cause fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and establish effective measures for groundwater treatment to ensure the quality and safety for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melina Hatsue Sasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Nayara Halimy Maran
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Pires de Araújo
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexeia Barufatti
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Marilene Rodrigues Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
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Srivastava D, Yadav A, Naqvi S, Awasthi H, Fatima Z. Efficacy of Flavonoids in Combating Fluconazole Resistant Oral Candidiasis. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1703-1713. [PMID: 35331090 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220324140257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida is an opportunistic fungus often present in the oral mucosa. In the compromised immune system, it may become pathogenic and cause oral candidiasis. This infection is more common with Candida albicans; though, non-albicans Candida spp also have significant relevance. Current treatment guidelines include polyenes, azoles and echinocandins, where fluconazole is the primary therapeutic option. However, both inherited and acquired resistance to fluconazole is exhaustively reported. The development of resistance has resulted in the worsening of the original and re-emergence of new fungal diseases. Thus, the development of an anti-candidiasis therapy with a satisfactory outcome is the urgent need of the hour. OBJECTIVE This review article aims to stimulate the research in establishing the synergistic efficacy of various flavonoids with fluconazole to combat the resistance and develop an effective pharmacotherapy for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Further, in this article, we discuss in detail the mechanisms of action of fluconazole, along with the molecular basis of development of resistance in Candida species. METHOD PubMed and other databases were used for literature search. RESULTS The designing of natural drugs from the plant- derived phytochemicals are the promising alternates in modern medicine. The challenge today is the development of alternative anti- oral candidiasis drugs with increased efficacy, bioavailability and better outcome which can combat azole resistance. Identifying the flavonoids with potential antifungal action at low concentrations seems to meet the challenges. CONCLUSION Phyto-active constituents, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics may be an effective approach to deal with global antimicrobial resistance. The efficacy of herbal therapy for decades suggests that bacteria, fungi, and viruses may have a reduced ability to adapt and resistance to these natural antimicrobial regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125,Noida,201313,India
| | - Aarti Yadav
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125,Noida,201313,India
| | - Salma Naqvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Himani Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida,201313, India
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Mounika R, Nalabolu GK, Pallavi N, Birajdar SS. Association of oral candidal species with human immunodeficiency virus patients of West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh - An in vitro study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:147-153. [PMID: 34349426 PMCID: PMC8272515 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_504_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major worldwide health problem characterized by progressive immunosuppression. The morbidity of HIV patients is due to its association with opportunistic infections among which oral candidiasis is common. Regardless of HIV status, candidiasis can prevail when their immune system is depressed. Oral candidiasis can thus serve as a useful marker for both restoration of immune functions and HIV disease progression. Routine identification of Candida species is laborious and time-consuming. HICHROM agar stains different species into different colors facilitating rapid reliable identification of candida species as they differ in their virulence and sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study includes a total of 200 HIV seropositive patients from Anti-Retroviral Therapy Centre, West Godavari District. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected in a screw-capped universal container. Five microliters of each sample using a sterile inoculating loop is streaked on the chromogenic agar culture media. The colonies formed are counted using a magnifying glass and LAPIZ colony counter. Candidal colony-forming units per milliliter were analyzed, compared and correlated among different study groups. Different candida species were also identified in the study. Results: Nonalbicans Candida was the most common species isolated in our study accounting for 53% and Candida albicans accounting for 47%. Considering initial and final CD4 counts, there is improvement in patients on retroviral therapy. Conclusion: Identification of the species is important for epidemiological reasons and for treatment purposes to ensure a better prognosis since some species present reduced susceptibility to azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mounika
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Rajarajeswari Multispeciality Dental Clinic, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Govindraj K Nalabolu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, GSL Dental College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N Pallavi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Smita S Birajdar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Sampaio ADG, Gontijo AVL, Lima GDMG, de Oliveira MAC, Lepesqueur LSS, Koga-Ito CY. Ellagic Acid-Cyclodextrin Complexes for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020505. [PMID: 33477918 PMCID: PMC7833435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of fungal infections worldwide and the rise in the occurrence of antifungal resistance suggest that new research to discover antifungal molecules is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of ellagic acid–cyclodextrin complexes (EA/HP-β-CD) for the treatment of oral candidiasis. First, the effect of EA/HP-β-CD on C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilms was evaluated. Then, the cytotoxicity of the effective concentration was studied to ensure safety of in vivo testing. Finally, the in vivo effectiveness was determined by using a murine model of induced oral candidiasis. Data was statistically analyzed. The minimal inhibitory concentration of EA/HP-β-CD was 25 µg/mL and a concentration of 10 times MIC (250 µg/mL) showed an inhibitory effect on C. albicans 48 h-biofilms. The complex at concentration 250 µg/mL was classified as slightly cytotoxic. In vivo experiments showed a reduction in fungal epithelial invasion after treatment with EA/HP-β-CD for 24 h and 96 h when compared to the negative control. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that EA/HP-β-CD has antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, reducing the invasive capacity of C. albicans, which suggests that EA/HP-β-CD may be a promising alternative for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline da Graça Sampaio
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (A.V.L.G.); (G.d.M.G.L.); (M.A.C.d.O.); (L.S.S.L.)
| | - Aline Vidal Lacerda Gontijo
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (A.V.L.G.); (G.d.M.G.L.); (M.A.C.d.O.); (L.S.S.L.)
| | - Gabriela de Morais Gouvêa Lima
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (A.V.L.G.); (G.d.M.G.L.); (M.A.C.d.O.); (L.S.S.L.)
| | - Maria Alcionéia Carvalho de Oliveira
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (A.V.L.G.); (G.d.M.G.L.); (M.A.C.d.O.); (L.S.S.L.)
| | - Laura Soares Souto Lepesqueur
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (A.V.L.G.); (G.d.M.G.L.); (M.A.C.d.O.); (L.S.S.L.)
- School of Dentistry, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo 04743-030, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (A.V.L.G.); (G.d.M.G.L.); (M.A.C.d.O.); (L.S.S.L.)
- Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12247-016, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-39479708
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Shi YL, Zhao XX, Liu F. [Qualitative study on the cognition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome occupational protection among the managers of multi-level stomatology medical institutions]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:410-414. [PMID: 32865360 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the current cognition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occupational protection among the managers of multi-level stomatology medical institutions in efforts to provide a reference for formulating technical standards for occupational protection. METHODS Eighteen managers of oral medical institutions were individually interviewed in-depth using asemi-structured questionnaire on issues related to AIDS occupational protection using the phenomenological research method. Nvivo 12.0 software was used to code and analyze the interview data, and relevant themes were extracted. RESULTS Three themes were extracted from the data. Occupational protection measures for AIDS in dental medical institutions mainly based on the aspects of standardized operation, standardized prevention, and post-exposure treatment. However, the implementation of these protective measures was often inadequate. Occupational protection training for AIDS was carried out regularly at dental medical institutions, but the training effect was not generally tracked. Several limitations in AIDS occupational protection management; these limitations included the lack of a specific occupational protection system, the difficulty of AIDS screening for outpatients, and the difficulty of AIDS occupational protection supervision. CONCLUSIONS Oral medical institutions should strengthen their occupational protection training and supervision approaches and formulate unified occupational protection standards to reduce occupational exposure and improve hospital management quality and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-le Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Post Anesthesia Care Unit, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Nursing, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Nursing, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Shi YL, Liu F. [Research progress on occupational exposure and protection from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in stomatological departments]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:433-437. [PMID: 31512840 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The disease is highly infectious, quickly spreads, and has a high fatality rate. Hence, it is a major concern in public health, and an important subject in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The medical staff of stomatological departments, which handle the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, are at particularly high risk of occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS. This study summarizes the HIV/AIDS epidemic status, disease transmission routes, oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients, occupational exposure, and occupational protection in stomatological departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-le Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Nursing, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Shetti A, Nair V. Diversity and clinical presentation of Candida species in human immunodeficiency virus patients with oral candidiasis. SAUDI JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/sjos.sjoralsci_74_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Obando-Pereda G. Pseudomembranous candidiasis by Candida tropicalis in an immunocompromised patient: Case Report. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2018.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomembranous candidiasis is the most frequent type of infection by Candida spp., and Candida albicans is the most common species to cause it. Candidiasis can be due to other Candida species less frequently, as is the case of Candida tropicalis a pathogenic species that can cause infection in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this case report is to describe a pathological condition produce by Candida tropicalis.
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