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Prevalence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Non-Volant Small Mammals of Hutan Lipur Sekayu, Terengganu, Malaysia. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111300. [PMID: 36365051 PMCID: PMC9693538 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease that is transmitted worldwide through infected small mammals such as rodents. In Malaysia, there is a paucity of information on the animal reservoirs that are responsible for leptospirosis transmission, with only a few studies focusing on leptospirosis risk in recreational areas. Therefore, in this study we characterized the species composition and the prevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in non-volant small mammals of Hutan Lipur Sekayu, Terengganu. We performed ten trapping sessions totaling 3000 trappings between September 2019 and October 2020. Kidney samples from captured individuals were extracted for the PCR detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. Overall, we captured 45 individuals from 8 species (1.56% successful trapping effort), with 9 individuals testing positive for pathogenic Leptospira, that is, a 20% (n = 9/45) prevalence rate. Rattus tiomanicus (n = 22) was the most dominant captured species and had the highest positive individual with pathogenic Leptospira (44.4%, n = 4/9). Despite the low successful trapping effort in this study, the results show the high diversity of non-volant small mammals in Hutan Lipur Sekayu, and that they could also maintain and transmit pathogenic Leptospira.
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Ospina-Pinto MC, Hernández-Rodríguez P. Identification of Leptospira spp. in the animal-environment interface (swine-water) in pig production cycle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:155. [PMID: 33555432 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira spp., is a zoonosis with multiple hosts and reservoirs. Thus, the "One Health" approach must be addressed in order to guide prevention and control measures regarding this microorganism. There are few studies involving all stages of the pig production cycle and potential sources of infection such as water sources, which could represent a risk for local rural communities. OBJECTIVE To identify Leptospira spp. in the animal-environment interface (swine-water) in the pig production cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in a swine farm in Puerto López in the department of Meta, Colombia. Swine blood samples (n = 65) were collected for microscopic agglutination test (MAT), while urine and water samples (n = 80) were tested for Leptospira using bacterial isolation, serotyping of the isolates, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS A total of 58 (89.2%) porcine sera were positive for at least one Leptospira serogroup, with Grippotyphosa as the most frequent serogroup. Leptospira spp. were isolated in 25% (20/80) of the urine and water samples. Leptospira-positive cultures were 100% (20/20) identified within the genus Leptospira (rrl gene) and 50% (10/20) corresponded to pathogenic species (lipL32 gene) by PCR, and 45% (9/20) were positive to at least one antiserum. None of the direct urine and water samples was positive by PCR. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the bacteria might be transmitted in the animal-environment interface in the pig production cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Catalina Ospina-Pinto
- School of Agricultural Sciences. Molecular Biology and Immunogenetics Research Group (BIOMIGEN), Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricia Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Basics Sciences. Molecular Biology and Immunogenetics Research Group (BIOMIGEN), Universidad de La Salle, Carrera 2 No. 10 - 70, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Benitez ADN, Monica TC, Miura AC, Romanelli MS, Giordano LGP, Freire RL, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Martins CM, Biondo AW, Serrano IM, Lopes THCR, Reis RB, Gomes JF, Costa F, Wunder E, Ko AI, Navarro IT. Spatial and Simultaneous Seroprevalence of Anti- Leptospira Antibodies in Owners and Their Domiciled Dogs in a Major City of Southern Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:580400. [PMID: 33490126 PMCID: PMC7820180 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although leptospirosis has been considered a major concern in urban areas, no study to date has spatially and simultaneously compared both owner and dog serology in households of major cities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, evaluate associated risk factors and conduct spatial analyses in 565 randomly selected households, which included 597 dog owners and 729 dogs in Londrina, Southern Brazil. Seropositivity by MAT were detected in in 11/597 (1.84%) owners and in 155/729 (21.26%) dogs. The risk factors were evaluated with logistic regression analysis and spatial factors and case distribution were evaluated with kernel density analyses. The sera of 14/155 (9.03%) dogs reacted for more than one serovar with the same titer. Canicola was the most frequent serogroup, detected in 3/11 (27.27%) owners and 76/155 (49.03%) dogs. The highest titer among the owners was 1:3,200 and was detected in the same household with a titer of 1:800 in the dog. Simultaneous owner-dog seropositivity was found in 7/565 (1.23%) households, with three reacted against serogroup Canicola. Positive owners were detected in 4/565 (0.70%) households and positive dogs were detected in 141/565 (24.95%) households. The associated risks of infection for dogs were different from those associated with infection in owners. Risk analyses for Canicola also identified specific factors of infection. Regardless of owner and dog cases were not statistically clustered, the kernel map has shown dog positivity occurrence in the same hot locations and near positive owners. The dependent variable analysis and logit model suggested a greater likelihood of peri-domiciliary contact with Leptospira. In conclusion, exposure to Leptospira infection was significantly higher in dogs than in their owners and human cases spatially overlapped dog cases, implicating dogs as potential environmental sentinels for this disease. In addition, the associated risk may vary according to serogroup, and the observed simultaneous Canicola seropositivity of owner and dog has suggested intradomicile-transmitted infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Cabral Monica
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Public Health, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Miura
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Public Health, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Lemos Freire
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Regina Mitsuka-Breganó
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila Marinelli Martins
- Department of Nursing and Public Health, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.,AAC&T, Consultoria em Pesquisa Ltda, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- School of Medical Sciences and Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Federico Costa
- Fiocruz, Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil.,Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elsio Wunder
- Fiocruz, Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Albert Icksang Ko
- Fiocruz, Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
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Zhang R, Zhou W, Ye Q, Song S, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zeng L. Comparative genomic analysis of Chinese human leptospirosis vaccine strain and circulating isolate. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1345-1353. [PMID: 32045318 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1720439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS serogroup Canicola is one of the most important pathogens causing leptospirosis and is used as a vaccine strain of the current Chinese human leptospirosis vaccine. To characterize leptospiral pathogens, L. interrogans serogroup Canicola vaccine strain 611 and circulating isolate LJ178 from different hosts at different periods were sequenced using a combined strategy of Illumina X10 and PacBio technologies, and a comprehensive comparative analysis with other published Leptospira strains was conducted in this study. High levels of genomic similarities were observed between vaccine strain 611 and circulating isolate LJ178; both had two circular chromosomes and two circular extrachromosomal replicons. Compared with the strain 611 genome, 132 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 92 indels were found in strain LJ178. The larger lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus of serogroup Canicola was identified in both genomes. The phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome sequences revealed that serogroup Canicola was not restricted to a specific host or geographic location, suggesting adaptive evolution associated with the ecologic diversity. In summary, our findings provide insights into a better molecular understanding of the component strains of human leptospirosis vaccine in China. Furthermore, these data detail the genetic composition and evolutionary relatedness of Leptospira strains that pose a health risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Scholl of Medicine, Nanchang University , Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichao Song
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Bertelloni F, Cilia G, Turchi B, Pinzauti P, Cerri D, Fratini F. Epidemiology of leptospirosis in North-Central Italy: Fifteen years of serological data (2002-2016). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:14-22. [PMID: 31300104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging bacterial zoonosis. North-Central Italy is characterized by a geographic area that promote Leptospira circulation. Data on sero-epidemiological survey carried out from 2002 to 2016 in North-Central Italy were reported and discussed. Overall, 709 out of the 8488 (8.35%) tested sera were positive for Leptospira at the cut-off titer (1:100) and 218 (2.57%) at higher titer (≥1:400). The highest percentages of positivity was recorded for coypus (22.86%), swine (19.74%) and bovine (13.03%). Pomona and Australis resulted the serogroup more often detected, followed by Sejroe and Icterohaemorrhagiae; while, a low number of positive sera was detected for serogroups Ballum, Canicola and Tarassovi. Percentage of positive sera for each year slightly decreased from 2002 to 2008 and rose from 2009. High percentages of positive reactions were recorded in 2014 (17.23%), 2015 (19.61%) and 2016 (38.05%). In conclusion, the results of this investigation reported an increase of leptospirosis in North-Central Italy. Furthermore, several animals resulted infected as accidental hosts by unusual Leptospira serovars. These data could suggest a change in host range for some serovars, that may promote the adaptation to new hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 20159 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cilia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 20159 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 20159 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinzauti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 20159 Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenico Cerri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 20159 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 20159 Pisa, Italy
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