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Mousazadeh M, Khademi N, Kabdaşlı I, Rezaei S, Hajalifard Z, Moosakhani Z, Hashim K. Domestic greywater treatment using electrocoagulation-electrooxidation process: optimisation and experimental approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15852. [PMID: 37740043 PMCID: PMC10517000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A synergistic combination of electrocoagulation-electrooxidation (EC-EO) process was used in the current study to treat domestic greywater. The EC process consisted of an aluminium (Al) anode and an iron (Fe) cathode, and the EO process consisted of titanium with platinum coating mesh (Ti/Pt) as an anode and stainless steel as a cathode. The effect of operative variables, namely current density, pH, EC time and EO time, on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, turbidity, and total organic carbon (TOC) was studied and optimised using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that although the pH affected the removal of all studied pollutants, it had more effect on turbidity removal with a contribution of 88.44%, while the current density had the main dominant effect on colour removal with a contribution of 73.59%. It was also found that at optimal operation conditions for a current density of 2.6 A, an initial pH of 4.67, an EC time of 31.67 min, and an EO time of 93.28 min led to a COD, colour, turbidity, and TOC removal rates of 96.1%, 97.5%, 90.9%, and 98%, respectively, which were close to the predicted results. The average operating cost and energy consumption for the removal of COD, colour, turbidity, and TOC were 0.014 $/m3 and 0.01 kWh/kg, 0.083 $/m3 and 0.008 kWh/kg, 0.075 $/m3 and 0.062 kWh/kg, and 0.105 $/m3 and 0.079 kWh/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Khademi
- Health, Safety and Environment Specialist, National Iranian Drilling Company, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Işık Kabdaşlı
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, Ayazağa Campus, 34469, Maslak, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyedahmadreza Rezaei
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hajalifard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Av., Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Moosakhani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khalid Hashim
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies Research Institute (BEST), Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Cerro-Lopez M, Castro-Pastrana LI, Campos-Delgado J, Rubio-Rosas E, Bustos E, Martínez-Huitle CA. Mesostructured lead dioxide grown on titania nanotubes for diclofenac water removal through electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic processes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116094. [PMID: 37201700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mesostructured PbO2/TiO2 materials were synthesized to perform electrocatalysis (as electrooxidation, EO) and photoelectrocatalysis for removing diclofenac (DCF), 15 ppm concentration in 0.1 M NaSO4 solutions, at different pH conditions (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0) by applying 30 mA cm-2. Titania nanotubes (TiO2NTs)-based materials were prepared to synthetize with a massive PbO2 deposit on this support to obtain TiO2NTs/PbO2 and a TiO2NTs:PbO2 material consisting in a dispersed PbO2 deposit on TiO2-NTs that allowed the formation of a heterostructured surface of combined composition (TiO2 and PbO2). Organics removal (DCF and byproducts) was monitored through UV-vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) during degradation tests. TiO2NTs/PbO2 electrode was tested in both processes, removing DCF at neutral and alkaline solution conditions in EO while an unimportant photoactivity was registered at this material. Conversely, TiO2NTs:PbO2 was used as electrocatalytic material in EO experiments, achieving more than 50% of DCF removal at pH 6.0 by applying 30 mA cm-2. Also, for first time, the synergic effect was investigated when it was exposed to UV irradiation in photoelectrocatalytic experiments, enhancing its efficacy (⁓more than 20%) to remove DCF from a solution with 15 ppm over performance removals achieved (56%) when EO was applied under similar conditions. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analyses showed that significantly higher DCF degradation is reached under photoelectrocatalysis, since COD values decrease a 76% against a 42% decrease achieved with electrocatalysis. Scavenging experiments showed a significant participation on the pharmaceutical oxidation process through the generation of photoholes (h+), hydroxyl radicals and sulfate-based oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cerro-Lopez
- Universidad de Las Américas-Puebla, Depto. Cs. Quimico Biológicas, Lab. de Electrocatálisis, Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, Cholula, 72810, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Lucila I Castro-Pastrana
- Universidad de Las Américas-Puebla, Depto. Cs. Quimico Biológicas, Lab. de Electrocatálisis, Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, Cholula, 72810, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jessica Campos-Delgado
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Física, Av. San Claudio y Blvd. 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Efrain Rubio-Rosas
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Prolongación 24 Sur, Esquina con Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Sn. Manuel, 72540; Puebla, Puebla. Mexico
| | - Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/n, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Río Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59078-900, RN, Brazil
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Saeed OF, Hameed KW, Abbar AH. Treatment vegetable oil refinery wastewater by sequential electrocoagulation-electrooxidation process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118362. [PMID: 37311343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a sequential process composed of electrocoagulation (EC) followed by electrooxidation (EO) was utilized at the laboratory scale to remove the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater generated in Iraqi vegetable oil refinery plant.in the EC, impacts of operating variables such as current density (10-30 mA cm-2) and pH (4-10),and EC time (30-90 min) on the COD removal (RE%) were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box- Behnken design(BBD). a mathematical correlation that relates the operating factors with RE% was developed and its regression coefficient was 99.02% confirming the significant of the model. Response surface plots showed that RE% increased with increasing current density and time while it decreased with increasing pH. The optimum removal with a lower cost for EC process were achieved at current density of 30mA/cm2, pH of 4, and electrolysis time of 90 min in which RE% of 69.19% was obtained with requirement of 0.513kWh/kg COD as specific energy consumption (SEC). The effluent exit from EC was treated by EO for a period of 240min at a current density of 30mA/cm2 and an initial pH value of 4 to obtain RE% of 96% at SEC of 1.554 kWh/kg COD. Combining EC with EO resulted in a total RE% of 98.72% and a total SEC of 2.067 kWh/kg COD. Based on the results of present study, the applicability of a sequential electrocoagulation-electrooxidation process for treatment vegetable oil wastewaters is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama F Saeed
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Khalid W Hameed
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali H Abbar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
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Yazici Guvenc S, Ozen I, Binici M, Yildirim D, Can-Güven E, Varank G. Combination of zero-valent aluminum-acid system and electrochemically activated persulfate oxidation for biologically pre-treated leachate nanofiltration concentrate treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121074. [PMID: 36641068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of combined zero-valent aluminum (ZVAl) and electrochemically activated persulfate (PS) oxidation for the leachate nanofiltration concentrate (NFC) treatment. Firstly, operating parameters in the ZVAl procedure were optimized and under the optimum conditions (ZVAl dose 1 g/L, initial pH 1.5) the removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), UV254, and color were 22.39%, 29.03%, and 48.26%, respectively. Secondly, the effect of various anode types (Ti/RuO2, Ti/IrO2, and Ti/SnO2) within the electrooxidation (EO) process was evaluated. The Ti/RuO2 anode was found to be the most effective one in terms of pollutant removal efficiencies and operation cost. The efficiency of single, binary, and hybrid processes was evaluated by control experiments and the results were ranked as PS < ZVAl < ZVAl + PS < EO < EO + PS < EO + ZVAl < EO + ZVAl + PS. In the following part of the study, the Box-Behnken design was preferred to optimize the operating parameters of the hybrid EO + ZVAl + PS process. The COD, UV254, and color removal efficiencies under optimum conditions (4.88 mM PS dose, 1.6 A current applied, and 120 min reaction time) were 62.1%, 75.2%, and 99.9%, respectively. The estimated and experimentally obtained data were close to each other. The pollutant removal efficiencies increased in parallel with the current density and reaction time; however, the effect of the PS dose remained at a negligible level. The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of the hybrid EO + ZVAl + PS process for the treatment of leachate nanofiltration concentrate under optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Ozen
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Miray Binici
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Doga Yildirim
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Can-Güven
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Varank
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sanni I, Karimi Estahbanati M, Carabin A, Drogui P. Coupling electrocoagulation with electro-oxidation for COD and phosphorus removal from industrial container wash water. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Muniz GL, Borges AC, da Silva TCF, Batista RO, de Castro SR. Chemically enhanced primary treatment of dairy wastewater using chitosan obtained from shrimp wastes: optimization using a Doehlert matrix design. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:237-254. [PMID: 32544037 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1783372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dairy operations generate large volumes of polluted wastewater that require treatment prior to discharge. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) is a widely utilized wastewater treatment strategy; but it requires the use of non-biodegradable coagulants that can lead to toxic-byproducts. In this study, chitin from shrimp shell waste is extracted and converted into chitosan. Chitosan was demonstrated to be a natural, low-cost alternative coagulant compatible with the CEPT. Following treatment, dissolved air flotation allowed for the removal of turbidity, COD, and UV254 from the synthetic dairy effluent (SDE). Doehlert matrix was used to optimize the chitosan dosage and pH of the CEPT; as well as to model the process. The mechanisms behind the coagulation-flocculation were revealed using zeta potential analysis. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the functional groups present on the chitosan. Chitosan with a degree of deacetylation equal to 81% was obtained. A chitosan dose of 73.34 mg/L at pH 5.00 was found to be optimal for the removal of pollutants. Removals of COD, turbidity and UV254 were 77.5%, 97.6%, and 88.8%, respectively. The amount of dry sludge generated to treat 1 m³ of SDE was 0.041 kg. Coagulation-flocculation mechanisms involved in chitosan-mediated treatment of SDE involve the neutralization of electrostatic charges carried on the amine groups present in cationic chitosan at pH 5.00. Doehlert matrix proved to be a useful tool in optimizing parameters throughout the coagulation-flocculation process. Chitosan from shrimp waste is a low-cost, eco-friendly coagulant alternative for the removal pollutants from dairy effluent using the CEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lopes Muniz
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson Carraro Borges
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Oliveira Batista
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid., Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Simone Ramos de Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bote ME. Studies on electrode combination for COD removal from domestic wastewater using electrocoagulation. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08614. [PMID: 34977420 PMCID: PMC8688571 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical method that uses sacrificial electrodes to remediate wastewater. The combination of electrodes for the treatment of domestic wastewater is the factor that influences the removal efficiency of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) by using the electrocoagulation process. Aluminum and Iron electrodes are combined as anode-cathode and cathode-anode in Al-Al, Fe-Fe, Al-Fe, and Fe-Al. Different factors are considered to evaluate the removal efficiency of COD like; pH (3-9), reaction time (15-60 min), and current density (9.23-45 A/m2). Based on this influencing factor Al-Al and Fe-Fe can remove COD up to 87.5 % and 90 % respectively. Similarly, 87.5 % and 88.89 % of COD were removed, when aluminum and iron were combined as Al-Fe and Fe-Al respectively. In addition, the effects of different operating parameters were discussed on the removal percentage of COD. This indicated that the combination of electrode influence the removal efficiency of COD using the electrocoagulation process under different operating parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Po Box - 378, Ethiopia
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Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, Khalid ZB, Gilhotra V, Emamjomeh MM. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43143-43172. [PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Karamati Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and has a fundamental role in industry and the world food production system. The present work describes different technologies adopted for what is called the second-generation P recovery framework, that encompass the P obtained from residues and wastes. The second-generation P has a high potential to substitute the first-generation P comprising that originally mined from rock phosphates for agricultural production. Several physical, chemical, and biological processes are available for use in second-generation P recovery. They include both concentrating and recovery technologies: (1) chemical extraction using magnesium and calcium precipitating compounds yielding struvite, newberyite and calcium phosphates; (2) thermal treatments like combustion, hydrothermal carbonization, and pyrolysis; (3) nanofiltration and ion exchange methods; (4) electrochemical processes; and (5) biological processes such as composting, algae uptake, and phosphate accumulating microorganisms (PAOs). However, the best technology to use depends on the characteristic of the waste, the purpose of the process, the cost, and the availability of land. The exhaustion of deposits (economic problem) and the accumulation of P (environmental problem) are the main drivers to incentivize the P’s recovery from various wastes. Besides promoting the resource’s safety, the recovery of P introduces the residues as raw materials, closing the productive systems loop and reducing their environmental damage.
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Turan NB. The application of hybrid electrocoagulation–electrooxidation system for the treatment of dairy wastewater using different electrode connections. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1788596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Bakaraki Turan
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, İstanbul, Turkey
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Syam Babu D, Anantha Singh TS, Nidheesh PV, Suresh Kumar M. Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1671866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Syam Babu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - T. S. Anantha Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deenadayal Petroleum University, Gujarat, India
| | - P. V. Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - M. Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
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12
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Boron Removal from Mining and Synthetic Effluents by Electrocoagulation Using Aluminum Electrodes. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:3746964. [PMID: 31210754 PMCID: PMC6532284 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3746964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of the electrocoagulation method to remove boron from synthetic and mining effluents was investigated in this study. Different parameters were tested using boric acid solution and effluent collected from a mining company located in the city of Vitória-ES. The results showed a percentage of boron removal of over 60% for the synthetic and mining effluents, using aluminum electrodes, pH 7.5, current density of 14.82 mA cm−2, and supporting electrolyte of 0.200 mol L−1. The electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation methods were also compared, in which the percentage obtained by electrocoagulation was 56.30% higher for the mining effluent. Thus, electrocoagulation was more efficient in boron removal, especially when appropriate parameters are applied.
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Sharma S, Simsek H. Treatment of canola-oil refinery effluent using electrochemical methods: A comparison between combined electrocoagulation + electrooxidation and electrochemical peroxidation methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:630-639. [PMID: 30665092 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of combined electrocoagulation (EC) + electrooxidation (EO) and electrochemical peroxidation (ECP) treatment processes were carried out to treat canola oil refinery (COR) wastewaters. The effect of applied current density and operation time in the removal of organic pollutants were investigated and discussed. Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total suspended solids (TSS) were measured. Using only EC process was found to be significantly successful in removing suspended and colloidal pollutants and could remove more than 90% TCOD and 80% of TOC at current densities between 0.91 and 13.66 mA cm-2. From the statistical model, the optimized conditions for TCOD at a current density of 7.61 mA cm-2 and TOC at 7.99 mA cm-2 under 40 min operation, validated to remove 93.45% and 94.5% respectively. However, the maximum removal of dissolved organic pollutants was relatively low in EC process and reported to be 75% for sCOD and 74% for DOC. Therefore, EC + EO process were run to increase the removal of sCOD and DOC to 99 and 95%, respectively. On the other hand, treatment using ECP process achieved a removal of sCOD and DOC between 77 and 86%. TSS were removed completely in both EC + EO and ECP processes. A statistical model was applied to compare the performance of two methods and found that the combined EC + EO process provided lightly better treatment compared to ECP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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