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Dantas-Medeiros R, Zanatta AC, de Souza LBFC, Fernandes JM, Amorim-Carmo B, Torres-Rêgo M, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF, Vilegas W, Araújo TADS, Michel S, Grougnet R, Chaves GM, Zucolotto SM. Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:613155. [PMID: 33692765 PMCID: PMC7937886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.613155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commiphora leptophloeos (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native to Brazil which is popularly used for treating oral and vaginal infections. There has been no scientific evidence pointing to its efficacy in the treatment of these infections. Thus, this study sought to investigate the cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibiofilm activity of C. leptophloeos against Candida spp. and to isolate, identify, and quantify the content of B-type oligomeric procyanidins (BDP) in the extract of C. leptophloeos stem bark. The extract and the n-butanol fraction were obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition, respectively. Phytochemical analysis performed by HPLC-PDA/ELSD and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS allowed the identification and quantification of BDP in the samples. The application of centrifugal partition chromatography helped isolate BDP, which was identified by 1H NMR and MS analyses. Candida spp. reference strains and clinical isolates (including fluconazole-resistant strains) derived from the blood cultures of candidemic patients and the vaginal secretion of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were used for evaluating the antifungal and antibiofilm effects. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the microdilution technique, and biofilm inhibition was evaluated through crystal violet and XTT assays. The combined action of BDP with fluconazole was determined by the checkerboard method. The extract, the n-butanol fraction, and the BDP exhibited antifungal activity with MIC values ranging from 312.5 to 2500 μg/mL and were found to significantly reduce the biofilm formed in all the Candida strains investigated. BDP showed a fungicidal potential against strains of Candida spp. (especially against fluconazole-resistant strains), with MIC and MFC values ranging from 156.2 to 2500 μg/mL. In addition, the combined application of BDP and fluconazole produced synergistic antifungal effects against resistant Candida spp. (FICI = 0.31-1.5). The cytotoxic properties of the samples evaluated in human erythrocytes through hemolytic test did not show hemolytic activity under active concentrations. The findings of the study show that C. leptophloeos has antifungal and antibiofilm potential but does not cause toxicity in human erythrocytes. Finally, BDP, which was isolated for the first time in C. leptophloeos, was found to exhibit antifungal effect against Candida spp. either when applied alone or in combination with fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Dantas-Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Zanatta
- Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Natural Products, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Júlia Morais Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruno Amorim-Carmo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Marcelo NA, Andrade VA, Souza CN, Mourão RP, Mourthe MHF, Silva LMV, Xavier AREDO, Xavier MADS, Faraco AAG, Almeida AC. Efficacy of novel antiseptic product containing essential oil of Lippia origanoides to reduce intramammary infections in cows. Vet World 2020; 13:2452-2458. [PMID: 33363341 PMCID: PMC7750244 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2452-2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The use of antimicrobials in the control of mastitis is of concern in public health due to their inefficiency in targeting microorganisms. Studies with medicinal plants have risen as an alternative to the use of conventional products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental disinfectant based on the essential oil (EO) from Lippia origanoides in preventing the development of new intramammary infections (IMI) in Holstein cows. Materials and Methods: The conventional protocol of pre- and post-milking was used and the control (Conventional treatment [CNV]) and experimental (Experimental treatment [PEX]) products containing EO at 120 μL/mL were applied by immersion. Individual milk samples were analyzed using sheep blood agar methodologies and biochemical tests. The efficiency of the treatment was defined by the presence or absence of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus spp. Results: There were no clinical and subclinical mastitis cases, no lesions in the mucosal of teats, nor dirt score between groups in this study. Both treatments did not influence the occurrence of IMI. Conclusion: The results revealed that PEX acts efficiently against microorganisms compared to the disinfection by the conventional product demonstrating the efficacy of the alternative product on the prevention of new IMIs in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Arantes Marcelo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - ICA/UFMG, Campus. Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Viviane Aguiar Andrade
- Department of Physiopathology, Biological Sciences and Health Center, State University of Montes Claros - UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cintya Neves Souza
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - ICA/UFMG, Campus. Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pereira Mourão
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - ICA/UFMG, Campus. Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Henrique França Mourthe
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - ICA/UFMG, Campus. Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Vitorino Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - ICA/UFMG, Campus. Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Aparecido de Sousa Xavier
- Department of Physiopathology, Biological Sciences and Health Center, State University of Montes Claros - UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Augusto Gomes Faraco
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Christina Almeida
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - ICA/UFMG, Campus. Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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