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Belkahla S, Nahvi I, Biswas S, Nahvi I, Ben Amor N. Advances and development of prostate cancer, treatment, and strategies: A systemic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991330. [PMID: 36158198 PMCID: PMC9501970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common type of cancer in the present-day world affecting modern-day men after lung cancer is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer remains on the list of top three cancer types claiming the highest number of male lives. An estimated 1.4 million new cases were reported worldwide in 2020. The incidence of prostate cancer is found predominantly in the regions having a high human development index. Despite the fact that considerable success has been achieved in the treatment and management of prostate cancer, it remains a challenge for scientists and clinicians to curve the speedy advancement of the said cancer type. The most common risk factor of prostate cancer is age; men tend to become more vulnerable to prostate cancer as they grow older. Commonly men in the age group of 66 years and above are the most vulnerable population to develop prostate cancer. The gulf countries are not far behind when it came to accounting for the number of individuals falling prey to the deadly cancer type in recent times. There has been a consistent increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the gulf countries in the past decade. The present review aims at discussing the development, diagnostics via machine learning, and implementation of treatment of prostate cancer with a special focus on nanotherapeutics, in the gulf countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Belkahla
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Insha Nahvi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Supratim Biswas
- University of Cape Town, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Irum Nahvi
- College of Computer Engineering and Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhal Ben Amor
- Public Health Department, Veterinary College, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Alsulihem AA, Al-Muaiqel M, Alsunbul A, Jawhar AB, Al-Dughaiman A, Bedaiwi KK, Al-Rashidi S, Al-Harbi F, El-Tholoth HS, Al-Hagbani M, Milibary B, Alghamdi AM. Histopathological diagnoses and patterns in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy series from a large tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Urol Ann 2020; 13:101-104. [PMID: 34194133 PMCID: PMC8210721 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_78_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to report our transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostatic biopsy histopathological diagnoses and clinical findings in our prostate cancer patients in a tertiary care center. Methods We have reviewed our TRUS biopsy series done in our department from January 2011 to December 2016. We reviewed our patient's prebiopsy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) findings and the histopathological diagnoses and determined the clinical and pathological features of prostate cancer patients in our series. Results A total of 398 patients underwent 12 core TRUS biopsies. Benign prostatatic hyperplasia was found in 48.5% of the patients and prostate cancer was found in 113 patients (28.4%). Among them, metastatic prostate cancer was found in 51.7% of them. High Gleason score (8-10) was found in 56.6% and a PSA of more than 20 was found in 63.3% of the patients. Conclusion We recommend a mass public awareness program to encourage our patients to seek early prostate cancer screening and to alert the medical community to encourage more awareness of prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alsulihem
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muaiqel Al-Muaiqel
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alsunbul
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Bin Jawhar
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Dughaiman
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid K Bedaiwi
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Al-Rashidi
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Al-Harbi
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam S El-Tholoth
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Hagbani
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Milibary
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alghamdi
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani WS, Almufareh NA, Domiaty DM, Albasher G, Alduwish MA, Alkhalaf H, Almuzzaini B, Al-Marshidy SS, Alfraihi R, Elasbali AM, Ahmed HG, Almutlaq BA. Epidemiology of cancer in Saudi Arabia thru 2010-2019: a systematic review with constrained meta-analysis. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:679-696. [PMID: 32968686 PMCID: PMC7505779 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is emerging as a major global health-care system challenge with a growing burden worldwide. Due to the inconsistent cancer registry system in Saudi Arabia, the epidemiology of cancer is still dispersed in the country. Consequently, this review aimed to assemble the epidemiological metrics of cancer in Saudi Arabia in light of the available published data during the period from (2010–2019). Methods Published literature from Saudi Arabia relating to cancer incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and other epidemiological metrics were accessed through electronic search in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and public database that meet the inclusion criteria. Relevant keywords were used during the electronic search about different types of cancers in Saudi Arabia. No filters were used during the electronic searches. Data were pooled and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to assess the well-determined risk factors associated with different types of cancers. Results The most common cancers in Saudi Arabia are breast, colorectal, prostate, brain, lymphoma, kidney and thyroid outnumbering respectively. Their prevalence rates and OR (95%CI) as follow: breast cancer 53% and 0.93 (0.84–1.00); colon-rectal cancer (CRC) 50.9% and 1.2 (0.81–1.77); prostate cancer 42.6% and 3.2 (0.88–31.11); brain/Central Nervous System cancer 9.6% and 2.3 (0.01–4.2); Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 9.2% and 3.02 (1.48–6.17); kidney cancer 4.6% and 2.05 (1.61–2.61), and thyroid cancer 12.9% and 6.77 (2.34–19.53). Conclusion Within the diverse cancers reported from Saudi Arabia, the epidemiology of some cancers magnitude 3-fold in the latest years. This increase might be attributed to the changing in the Saudi population lifestyle (adopting western model), lack of cancer awareness, lack of screening & early detection programs, social barriers toward cancer investigations. Obesity, genetics, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, viral infection, and iodine & Vit-D deficiency represent the apparent cancer risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawaf Abdulrahman Almufareh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gadah Albasher
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abduallah Alduwish
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Science and Humanities, Biology Department, Alkarj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alkhalaf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rgya Alfraihi
- Pharm B, Pharmacy Services, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical sciences, Jouf University, Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
- College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, FMLS, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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Shahyad S, Saadat SH, Hosseini-Zijoud SM. The Clinical Efficacy of Prostate Cancer Screening in Worldwide and Iran: Narrative Review. World J Oncol 2018; 9:5-12. [PMID: 29581810 PMCID: PMC5862077 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1082w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) imposes a great health burden on men, while its incidence has significantly increased in recent years. The screening program for CaP is still controversial and recent large trials have failed to present a significant reduction in prostate-specific mortality and all-cause mortality. An entire body of data obtained from worldwide studies conducted on CaP screening is required to better evaluate health policy decisions and patient decision-making. In current review, the clinical efficacy of screening programs on CaP was discussed in numerous parts of the world, such as in the US, Europe, and Asia, to provide an updated screening recommendation. Finally, we discuss about CaP screening status in Iran and update the screening recommendation in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahyad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mostafa Hosseini-Zijoud
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alanazi AB, Alshalan AM, Alanazi OA, Alanazi MS, Alanazi AI, Alanazi AH, Alhadhari AM, Alanazi AS, Alanazi RA, Alanazi IM, Alanazi MA, Alkhidhr MA, Aldehneen HA, Alanazi RK. Epidemiology of senile prostatic enlargement among elderly men in Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5349-5353. [PMID: 29038720 PMCID: PMC5633236 DOI: 10.19082/5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Senile prostatic enlargement due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem among older men, and is responsible for considerable disability. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of the clinically diagnosed prostatic enlargement among elderly men in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on all consented elderly males attending the outpatient clinic of the urology department of Arar Central Hospital from February 2017 to July 30, 2017. Each participant underwent a general examination and digital per rectal to detect general chronic diseases, obesity and prostatic enlargement. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistics and Chi-squared test. RESULTS Among 81 elderly male participants in the study, 19.8% had clinically diagnosed senile prostatic enlargement (SPE) and 3.7% had prostatic tumors. There was significant relation between SPE and age as 6.2% of cases were 60-69 years, 43.8% were 70-79 years and 44.0% were 80 years or more (p<0.05). There was also significant relation between SPE and obesity as 62.5% of cases were obese and 37.5% were non obese (p<0.05). There was no significant relation with marital status, smoking or diabetes mellitus (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Senile prostatic enlargement is one of the significant important issues in public health in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of this condition reaches 19.3%, thereby placing even greater burden on the quality of life of the elderly and on the health system in the region.
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Abdel-Lateff A, Al-Abd AM, Alahdal AM, Alarif WM, Ayyad SEN, Al-Lihaibi SS, Hegazy ME, Al Mohammadi A, Abdelghany TM, Abdel-Naim AB, Moustafa MA, Banjer ZM, Azhar AS. Antiproliferative effects of triterpenoidal derivatives, obtained from the marine sponge Siphonochalina sp., on human hepatic and colorectal cancer cells. Z NATURFORSCH C 2016; 71:29-35. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Three triterpenoidal derivatives [Sipholenol A (1), sipholenol L (2) and sipholenone A (3)] were isolated from the Red Sea sponge Siphonochalina sp. The structures were determined based on spectroscopic measurements (NMR, UV, IR and MS). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines; HepG2, Caco-2 and HT-29. Moreover, the effects of these metabolites on cell cycle progression as well as cell cycle regulating proteins were assessed. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed moderate activity against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 17.18 ± 1.18, 24.01 ± 0.59 and 35.06 ± 1.10 μM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 exerted a considerable antiproliferative effect with IC50 values of 4.80 ± 0.18 and 26.64 ± 0.30 μM, respectively, against Caco-2 cells. Finally, 1 and 2 exhibited antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) with IC50 values of 24.65 ± 0.80 and 4.48 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. Cell cycle analysis indicated that these compounds induced cell cycle arrest particularly in G0/G1 and S phases. Furthermore, the triterpenoids increased the expression of cyclin-B1, cyclin-D1 and cleaved caspase-3, as determined by immunofluorescence, indicating an important role of apoptosis in cell death induced by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdel-Lateff
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Abd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Alahdal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walied M. Alarif
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seif-Eldin N. Ayyad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan S. Al-Lihaibi
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Hegazy
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Plants, and Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ameen Al Mohammadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer M. Abdelghany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A.A. Moustafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainy M. Banjer
- Faculty of medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S. Azhar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ghandourah MA, Alarif WM, Abdel-Lateff A, Al-Lihaibi SS, Ayyad SEN, Basaif SA, Badria FA. Two new terpenoidal derivatives: a himachalene-type sesquiterpene and 13,14-secosteroid from the soft coral Litophyton arboreum. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Osman E, Gomha MA, Harb A, Aldayel A, Aloraifi I, Almousa R, Khan I. An early-detection programme for prostate cancer in Saudi men: A call from a tertiary-care centre in the Eastern province. Arab J Urol 2014; 12:187-91. [PMID: 26019947 PMCID: PMC4435655 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the mode of presentation and clinical course of patients with prostate cancer during a specified period, as the detection rate is tending to increase, with most patients presenting at an advanced stage, and yet the overall incidence and prevalence rates are low. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all aspects of care for patients who were diagnosed between May 2006 and July 2010. RESULTS In all, 76 men had a histologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between May 2006 and July 2010 (mean age 71.1 years, SD 8). The median (range) prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis was 52 (1.2-16,230) ng/mL. Of the patients, 74% had a Gleason grade of ⩾ 7 on diagnosis, and 64% had extraprostatic disease on presentation. Active surveillance was adopted in four patients, and four others were maintained on watchful waiting. Six patients had a radical prostatectomy, in one of whom it was a salvage procedure. Six patients received external-beam radical radiotherapy, five of whom had neoadjuvant, concurrent and adjuvant hormonal therapy. All remaining patients were treated primarily with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Of the patients on hormonal manipulation, in 56% the cancer became castrate-resistant within the mean (SD) follow-up of 17.2 (15) months. Of patients treated primarily with ADT, 34% died. The death rate among the whole group was 23%. Both percentages include both prostate cancer-specific and non-specific mortality. CONCLUSION An advanced stage of disease at presentation mandates an early-detection, hospital-based screening programme. Further research should include many more patients and be based in several centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsawi Osman
- Urology Department, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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