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Vileigas DF, de Souza SLB, Corrêa CR, Silva CCVDA, de Campos DHS, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. The effects of two types of Western diet on the induction of metabolic syndrome and cardiac remodeling in obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108625. [PMID: 33705955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) include obesity as a critical feature and is strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insights into mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these clinical manifestations are essential for the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, Western diets (WD) have been widely employed in diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. However, there are variations in fat and sugar proportions of such diets, making comparisons challenging. We aimed to assess the impact of two types of the WD on metabolic status and cardiac remodeling, to achieve a DIO model that better mimics the human pathogenesis of MetS-induced CVD. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control diet, Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters and cardiac changes were characterized. WDF and WDS feeding promoted higher serum triglycerides, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, while just WDF presented inflammation in adipose tissue. WDF-fed rats showed increased catalase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein levels, suggesting cardiac oxidative stress, while WDS-fed rats only raised MDA. Both WD equally elevated protein expressions involved in lipid metabolism, but only WDF downregulated the glycolysis pathway. Furthermore, the mechanical myocardial function was impaired in obese rats, being more relevant in WDF. In conclusion, both WD effectively triggered MetS features, although inflammation was detected just on the WDF-fed animals. Moreover, the WDF promoted a more pronounced functional, metabolic, and oxidative cardiac disorder, suggesting to be an adequate model for studying CVD in the scenario of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Department of Patology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Banach W, Nitschke K, Krajewska N, Mongiałło W, Matuszak O, Muszyński J, Skrypnik D. The Association between Excess Body Mass and Disturbances in Somatic Mineral Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197306. [PMID: 33022938 PMCID: PMC7582962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity and excess body weight are significant epidemiological issues, not only because they are costly to treat, but also because they are among the leading causes of death worldwide. In 2016, an estimated 40% of the global population was overweight, reflecting the importance of the issue. Obesity is linked to metabolism malfunction and concomitantly with altered mineral levels in the body. In this paper, we review alterations in somatic levels of iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, iodine, chromium, selenium, and zinc in relation to excess body mass. Methodology: An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed. Our search covered original English research articles published over the past five years, culminating in 63 papers included for study. Results: The reviewed papers presented correlation between obesity and hypomagnesemia and hypozincemia. They also indicated that patients with excess body mass present increased body copper levels. Studies have similarly indicated that obesity appears to be associated with lower selenium levels in both blood and urine, which may be correlated with the decline and weakening of defenses against oxidative stress. It has been found that decreased level of chromium is connected with metabolic syndrome. Chromium supplementation influences body mass, but the effect of the supplementation depends on the chemical form of the chromium. It is hypothesized that obesity poses a risk of iodine deficiency and iodine absorption may be disrupted by increased fat intake in obese women. A range of studies have suggested that obesity is correlated with iron deficiency. On the other hand, some reports have indicated that excess body mass may coexist with iron excess. The relation between obesity and body iron level requires further investigation. Calcium signaling seems to be disturbed in obesity, due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species and low level of fast troponin isoform responsible for mediating calcium sensitivity of muscle relaxation. Correlation between excess body mass and calcium levels needs further research. Conclusions: Excess body mass is associated with alterations in mineral levels in the body, in particular hypomagnesemia and decreased selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) levels. Chromium (Cr) deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome. Obese patients are at risk of iodine deficiency. Excess body mass is associated with elevated levels of copper (Cu). Data on the association between obesity and iron (Fe) levels are contradictory. Obesity coexists with disturbed calcium (Ca) signaling pathways. The association between obesity and body Ca levels has not been investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Banach
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Fredry St. 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (W.B.); (K.N.); (N.K.); (W.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Karolina Nitschke
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Fredry St. 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (W.B.); (K.N.); (N.K.); (W.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Natalia Krajewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Fredry St. 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (W.B.); (K.N.); (N.K.); (W.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Wojciech Mongiałło
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Fredry St. 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (W.B.); (K.N.); (N.K.); (W.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Oskar Matuszak
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Fredry St. 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (W.B.); (K.N.); (N.K.); (W.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Józef Muszyński
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Fredry St. 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (W.B.); (K.N.); (N.K.); (W.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego St. 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618549742
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da Silva-Bertani DCT, Vileigas DF, Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, Sant'Ana PG, Freire PP, de Tomasi LC, Corrêa CR, Padovani CR, Fernandes T, de Oliveira EM, Cicogna AC. Increased angiotensin II from adipose tissue modulates myocardial collagen I and III in obese rats. Life Sci 2020; 252:117650. [PMID: 32294475 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been described that the cardiac dysfunction in the obesity model is because of collagen imbalance and that angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to myocardial fibrosis. However, it remains undefined if changes in collagen I and III metabolism in obesity is due to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation from myocardium or excessive adipose tissue. AIM This study aimed to verify whether the changes in myocardial collagen metabolism result from RAS deregulation of cardiac or adipose tissue in an obesity model. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were fed with control (CD) and high-fat (HFD) diets for 30 weeks. After the dietary intervention, animals were assigned to be treated with losartan at the 30 mg/kg/day dosage or kept untreated for an additional five weeks. KEY FINDINGS HFD induced obesity, comorbidities, and cardiac collagen overexpression. The HFD group presented an increase in Ang II levels in both adipose tissue and plasma, as well as AT1 receptor expression in cardiac tissue. Of note, the myocardial Ang II was not changed in the HFD group. Losartan administration reduced some obesity-induced comorbidities regardless of weight loss. The AT1 receptor blockade also decreased the release of Ang II from adipose tissue and myocardial AT1 receptor and collagen. SIGNIFICANCE It was seen that excessive adipose tissue is responsible for the exacerbated circulating Ang II, which induced cardiac fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Paula Grippa Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618970, Brazil
| | - Loreta Casquel de Tomasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618970, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618687, Brazil.
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Silva-Bertani DCTD, Vileigas DF, Mota GAF, Souza SLBD, Tomasi LCD, Campos DHSD, Deus AFD, Freire PP, Alves CAB, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Decreased Collagen Type I is Associated with Increased Metalloproteinase-2 Activity and Protein Expression of Leptin in the Myocardium of Obese Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 115:61-70. [PMID: 32236321 PMCID: PMC8384327 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20180143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento A obesidade é um fator de risco para complicações médicas, incluindo o sistema cardiovascular. Há informações limitadas sobre o colágeno no coração obeso. Nosso estudo anterior demonstrou uma redução dos níveis proteicos de colágeno miocárdico tipo I em ratos obesos alimentados com uma dieta com alto teor de gordura durante 34 semanas. No entanto, os mecanismos responsáveis pelos níveis baixos não estão completamente elucidados. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a hipótese de que a redução do colágeno tipo I está associada ao aumento da atividade da metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a qual está ligada à elevação de leptina no miocárdio de ratos obesos. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos com 30 dias de idade foram randomizados em dois grupos: controle (dieta padrão) e obeso (dieta com alto teor de gordura), e alimentados durante 34 semanas. Foram avaliados as características gerais dos animais e os perfis metabólicos e endócrinos. Foram avaliados as expressões proteicas miocárdicas de colágeno tipo I, leptina e inibidores teciduais de metaloproteinases (TIMP), bem como a atividade da MMP-2. O teste de correlação de Pearson foi aplicado para determinar as associações entre variáveis. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados Os animais obesos apresentaram índice de adiposidade mais elevado em comparação ao controle. Foram observadas comorbidades como intolerância à glicose, hiperinsulinemia, resistência à insulina, hiperleptinemia e hipertensão nos ratos obesos. A obesidade reduziu o colágeno tipo I, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2, e aumentou a leptina e a MMP-2 no miocárdio. Houve uma correlação negativa entre o colágeno tipo I e a MMP-2 e uma correlação positiva entre a leptina e a MMP-2. Conclusão Foi confirmada a hipótese de que a redução do colágeno tipo I está associada ao aumento da atividade da MMP-2 e da expressão de leptina no miocárdio de ratos obesos. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):61-70)
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Vileigas DF, Marciano CLDC, Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, Sant’Ana PG, Okoshi K, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Temporal Measures in Cardiac Structure and Function During the Development of Obesity Induced by Different Types of Western Diet in a Rat Model. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010068. [PMID: 31888029 PMCID: PMC7019835 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized worldwide as a complex metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions and is often associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. To study this pathology and evaluate cardiac function, several models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) have been developed. The Western diet (WD) is one of the most widely used models; however, variations in diet composition and time period of the experimental protocol make comparisons challenging. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different types of Western diet on cardiac remodeling in obese rats with sequential analyses during a long-term follow-up. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups fed with control diet (CD), Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. The animal nutritional profile and cardiac histology were assessed at the 41st week. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiogram at four different moments: 17, 25, 33, and 41 weeks. A noninvasive method was performed to assess systolic blood pressure at the 33rd and 41st week. The animals fed with WD (WDF and WDS) developed pronounced obesity with an average increase of 86.5% in adiposity index at the end of the experiment. WDF and WDS groups also presented hypertension. The echocardiographic data showed no structural differences among the three groups, but WDF animals presented decreased endocardial fractional shortening and ejection fraction at the 33rd and 41st week, suggesting altered systolic function. Moreover, WDF and WFS animals did not present hypertrophy and interstitial collagen accumulation in the left ventricle. In conclusion, both WD were effective in triggering severe obesity in rats; however, only the WDF induced mild cardiac dysfunction after long-term diet exposure. Further studies are needed to search for an appropriate DIO model with relevant cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Cecília Lume de Carvalho Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Paula Grippa Sant’Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618970, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-1618
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Vileigas DF, Harman VM, Freire PP, Marciano CLC, Sant'Ana PG, de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, da Silva VL, Campos DHS, Padovani CR, Okoshi K, Beynon RJ, Santos LD, Cicogna AC. Landscape of heart proteome changes in a diet-induced obesity model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18050. [PMID: 31792287 PMCID: PMC6888820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular disease; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Proteomics may provide a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Thus, our study evaluated myocardial protein expression in healthy and obese rats, employing two proteomic approaches. Male Wistar rats were established in two groups (n = 13/group): control diet and Western diet fed for 41 weeks. Obesity was determined by the adipose index, and cardiac function was evaluated in vivo by echocardiogram and in vitro by isolated papillary muscle analysis. Proteomics was based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) along with mass spectrometry identification, and shotgun proteomics with label-free quantification. The Western diet was efficient in triggering obesity and impaired contractile function in vitro; however, no cardiac dysfunction was observed in vivo. The combination of two proteomic approaches was able to increase the cardiac proteomic map and to identify 82 differentially expressed proteins involved in different biological processes, mainly metabolism. Furthermore, the data also indicated a cardiac alteration in fatty acids transport, antioxidant defence, cytoskeleton, and proteasome complex, which have not previously been associated with obesity. Thus, we define a robust alteration in the myocardial proteome of diet-induced obese rats, even before functional impairment could be detected in vivo by echocardiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil.
| | - Victoria M Harman
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paula P Freire
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618970, Brazil
| | - Cecília L C Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Paula G Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L B de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A F Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Vitor L da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Dijon H S Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618970, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Robert J Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilene D Santos
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP)/Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610307, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil.
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