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Khalil KM, El-Shater S, Rizk H, Khalifa E. Embryonic thermal manipulation of poultry birds: Lucrative and deleterious effects. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:346-356. [PMID: 37885333 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The major efforts to improve feed conversion, increase the body weight and breast muscle yield of broilers have been focused on feeding and management at the post hatch period. However, incubation temperature is the most significant factor for the egg hatching rate, chick quality, and post hatch performance. Therefore, incubation factors affecting the performance should be taken with necessary precautions. Incubation temperature not only affects the early development of the hatchlings but also has a lasting impact on the characteristics of the chicks, such as final body weight and meat quality traits. This article provides an overview about embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) of domestic fowls and review the lucrative and deleterious effects of embryonic TM on embryo development, muscle growth, thermotolerance acquisition, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, Ibra, Sultanate of Oman
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saad El-Shater
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Rizk
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Khalifa
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Lindsey L, Elliott K, Fatemi S, Gerard P, Peebles E. Utilizing in ovo telemetry to examine the effects of reduced incubation temperature on broiler embryo temperature and subsequent hatchability. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102506. [PMID: 36739805 PMCID: PMC9932113 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current commercial broiler embryo experiences a rapid metabolism and growth rate and may produce more heat than those of the past. Consequently, it may be beneficial to lower standard incubation temperature for commercial broiler hatching eggs. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if lowering incubation temperature at 12 d of incubation (DOI) would affect embryo temperature (ET) in embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs. From 0 to 12 DOI, eggs were incubated under standard conditions (37.50°C dry bulb, 29.76°C wet bulb). At 12 DOI, temperature transponders were aseptically placed on the inner air cell membrane to measure air cell temperature (ACT) as an estimate of ET in 120 eggs. The eggs were then randomly assigned to 4 separate still-air incubators, each containing 30 eggs. Two replicate incubators were maintained at a standard (STRT; 37.5°C) or low (LTRT; 35.6°C) temperature treatment between 12 and 21 DOI. A significant positive correlation existed between incubator air temperature (IAT) and ACT across temperature treatment and in the STRT. However, IAT was not significantly correlated with ACT in the LTRT. A significantly higher ACT was observed in the STRT than in the LTRT for 88% of the readings taken between 12 and 21 DOI. Percent egg weight loss (PEWL) between 13 and 17 DOI did not significantly differ between temperature treatments. From 13 to 17 DOI, there was a significant positive correlation between PEWL and ACT in the STRT, however, no significant correlation occurred between PEWL and ACT in the LTRT. Percent hatch of fertile eggs containing live embryos at 12 DOI was 93.3% in the STRT and 100% in the LTRT. However, time of hatch occurred 14 to 19 h later and hatchling BW was lower in the LTRT than in the STRT. Although lowering IAT at 12 DOI may improve hatchability, an associated delay in hatch and a decrease in hatchling BW may not be commercially acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.L. Lindsey
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA
| | - K.E.C. Elliott
- USDA-ARS, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - S.A. Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA
| | - P.D. Gerard
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - E.D. Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA,Corresponding author:
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Sözcü A, İpek A, van den Brand H. Eggshell temperature during early and late incubation affects embryo and hatchling development in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102054. [PMID: 36041386 PMCID: PMC9449646 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Egg-laying increases body temperature to an annual maximum in a wild bird. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1681. [PMID: 35102175 PMCID: PMC8803923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most birds, unlike reptiles, lay eggs successively to form a full clutch. During egg-laying, birds are highly secretive and prone to disturbance and predation. Using multisensor data loggers, we show that average daily body temperature during egg-laying is significantly increased (1 °C) in wild eider ducks (Somateria mollissima). Strikingly, this increase corresponds to the annual maximum body temperature (40.7 °C), representing a severe annual thermogenic challenge. This egg-laying-induced rise in body temperature may prove to be a common feature of wild birds and could be caused by habitat-related thermoregulatory adjustments and hormonal modulation of reproduction. We conclude our findings with new perspectives of the benefits of high body temperature associated with egg-laying of birds and the potential effect of heat stress that may occur with the future advent of heatwaves.
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El-Shater SN, Rizk H, Abdelrahman HA, Awad MA, Khalifa EF, Khalil KM. Embryonic thermal manipulation of Japanese quail: effects on embryonic development, hatchability, and post-hatch performance. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:263. [PMID: 33864132 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic thermal manipulation led to several modifications in molecular, physiological, and biochemical parameters which affect pre- and post-hatch growth performance. The current study aims to elucidate the onset and long-term effects of intermittent thermal manipulations (TM) during two-time windows, early/late, of embryogenesis in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) on embryonic development, hatchability, muscle histogenesis, and post-hatch growth performance. Four groups were created; quail eggs in the control group were incubated at 37.7 °C and relative humidity (RH) 55%. Three thermally treated groups were incubated intermittently at 41 °C and 65% RH intermittently (3 h/day): early embryogenesis group (EE) was thermally treated during embryonic days (ED) 6-8, late embryogenesis group (LE) was thermally treated during (ED12-ED14), and early and late embryogenesis group (EL) was thermally manipulated in both time windows. Relative embryo weights in EL and EE were significantly lighter than those in LE and Ctrl groups. The hatched chicks were reared under optimal managemental conditions (three replicates per treatment). Average daily feed intake was recorded, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Histological and quantitative analyses of muscle fibers were performed. The results revealed that TM led to significant hypertrophy of quail breast muscle in (EE). Intermittent short-term (3-6 h) thermal manipulation (39-40 °C) protocols during early embryogenesis (ED6-ED8) could be recommended to enhance muscle mass growth and breast muscle yield in the Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad N El-Shater
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Rizk
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Awad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Elsayed F Khalifa
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Karim M Khalil
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Fatemi SA, Elliott KEC, Bello A, Durojaye OA, Zhang HJ, Peebles ED. The effects of in ovo injected vitamin D 3 sources on the eggshell temperature and early posthatch performance of Ross 708 broilers ,. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1357-1362. [PMID: 32115025 PMCID: PMC7587651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of in ovo injected vitamin D3 source on eggshell temperature (ET) and performance of broilers through 14 D of age (doa) were investigated. Eggs from a 35-wk-old commercial Ross 708 broiler breeder flock were set in a single-stage incubator with 4 treatments representing each of 12 incubator tray levels (blocks). At 432 h of incubation (hoi), noninjected and diluent-injected (50 μL) groups were control treatment groups. Vitamin treatments in the commercial diluent were as follows: 2.4 μg of vitamin D3 (D3) or 25-hydroxylcholecalciferol (25OHD3). After injection, ET readings were recorded (435, 441, 453, 459, and 465 hoi) by infrared thermometry. Hatchability, hatchling BW, and percentage of male and female hatchlings were determined at 502 hoi. Equal numbers of male and female chicks were placed in each pen and grown out for 14 doa. On a per-pen basis, BW was recorded after hatching at day 7 and 14 doa, and BW gain, average daily BW gain, feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated between 0 to 14 doa. The ET of eggs significantly fluctuated during the postinjection time period; however, the type of vitamin D3 source injected did not affect ET. Nevertheless, the injection of 25OHD3 resulted in a lower late embryo mortality than the diluent and D3 injection treatments. In addition, birds that received 25OHD3 had a lower FI and FCR than birds in all other treatments. In conclusion, the in ovo injection of 25OHD3 has the potential to improve early posthatch broiler performance without affecting ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abolghsem Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - Abiodun Bello
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5
| | | | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Edgar David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Abuoghaba A, Rizk Y, Ismail I, Awadien N. Impact of hen treatment with bee pollen and thermal manipulation
during early egg incubation period on the hatchability
and embryonic development of chicks. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/100622/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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