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Jiménez-Nevárez YB, Montes-Avila J, Angulo-Escalante MA, Nolasco-Quintana NY, González Christen J, Hurtado-Díaz I, Quintana-Obregón EA, Heredia JB, Valdez-Torres JB, Alvarez L. Bioactivity of Fractions and Pure Compounds from Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll. Arg. Bark Extracts. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3780. [PMID: 37960136 PMCID: PMC10649229 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Medicines for chronic inflammation can cause gastric ulcers and hepatic and renal issues. An alternative treatment for chronic inflammation is that of natural bioactive compounds, which present low side effects. Extracts of Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll. Arg. have been evaluated for their cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity; however, testing pure compounds would be of greater interest. Campesteryl palmitate, n-heptyl ferulate, palmitic acid, and a mixture of sterols, i.e., brassicasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol, were obtained from an ethyl acetate extract from J. cordata (Ortega) Müll. Arg. bark using column chromatography. The toxicity and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. None of the products assessed exhibited toxicity. The sterol mixture exhibited greater anti-inflammatory activity than the positive control, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition percentages were 37.97% and 41.68% at 22.5 μg/mL and 30 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, n-heptyl ferulate decreased NO by 30.61% at 30 μg/mL, while campesteryl palmitate did not show anti-inflammatory activity greater than the positive control. The mixture and n-heptyl ferulate showed NO inhibition; hence, we may conclude that these compounds have anti-inflammatory potential. Additionally, further research and clinical trials are needed to fully explore the therapeutic potential of these bioactive compounds and their efficacy in treating chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín B. Jiménez-Nevárez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Eldorado km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico; (Y.B.J.-N.); (M.A.A.-E.); (J.B.H.)
| | - Julio Montes-Avila
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Culiacán 80010, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Angel Angulo-Escalante
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Eldorado km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico; (Y.B.J.-N.); (M.A.A.-E.); (J.B.H.)
| | - Ninfa Yaret Nolasco-Quintana
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - Judith González Christen
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62206, Mexico;
| | - Israel Hurtado-Díaz
- Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Las Agujas, Zapopan 45100, Mexico;
| | - Eber Addí Quintana-Obregón
- CONACYT—Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico;
| | - J. Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Eldorado km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico; (Y.B.J.-N.); (M.A.A.-E.); (J.B.H.)
| | - José Benigno Valdez-Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Eldorado km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico; (Y.B.J.-N.); (M.A.A.-E.); (J.B.H.)
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Culiacán 80010, Mexico;
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Sher J, Jan G, Israr M, Irfan M, Yousuf N, Ullah F, Rauf A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M. Biological Characterization of Polystichum lonchitis L. for Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities in Swiss Albino Mice Model. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1455. [PMID: 37050081 PMCID: PMC10096758 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polystichum lonchitis L. is a fern belonging to the family Dryopteridaceae. The present study was conducted to evaluate its pharmacological, antioxidant, and phytochemical properties, and to conduct GC-MS screening of P. lonchitis. The acetic acid-induced writhing test, yeast-induced hyperpyrexia method, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, and charcoal meal test model were carried out to assess analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic activity, respectively. DPPH was used as an antioxidant, while the phytochemical screening was conducted using standard scientific methods. Among the pharmacological activities, the most significant effects were observed in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, followed by the antipyretic and antispasmodic activities, at a dose of 450 mg/kg after the 4th hour, compared with 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. For the evaluation of antioxidant activities, the most significant results were detected in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. The detection of flavonoids and phenol occurred most significantly in the methanolic extract, and then in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The main compounds detected using GC-MS analysis with a high metabolic rate was 𝛼-D-Galactopyranoside, which had a metabolic rate of 0.851, and methyl and n-hexadecanoic, which had a metabolic rate of 0.972. Overall, the results suggested that P. lonchitis had a strong potential for pharmacological activities. The suggested assessment provided a way to isolate the bioactive constituents and will help to provide new medicines with fewer side effects. Due to the fern's effectiveness against various diseases, the results provide clear evidence that they also have the potential to cure various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sher
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforest and Asian Elephant, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Department of Botany, Government Post Graduate College Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MI 63110, USA
| | - Nighat Yousuf
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastic, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Musa M, Jan G, Jan FG, Hamayun M, Irfan M, Rauf A, Alsahammari A, Alharbi M, Suleria HAR, Ali N. Pharmacological activities and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for the identification of bioactive compounds from Justicia adhatoda L. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922388. [PMID: 36172192 PMCID: PMC9511829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the pharmacological potential of Justicia adhatoda by evaluating the presence of biologically active compounds using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry approach and to undertake biological activities for the effectiveness of the present compounds using standard tests. A total of 21 compounds were identified in the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction in which 14 of the identified compounds are recognized for their pharmacological potential in the literature. In total, four fractions (ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane, and aqueous) were evaluated for pharmacological activities. In carrageenan-induced inflammation, the chloroform fraction exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity (46.51%). Similarly, the analgesic potential of ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective (300 mg/kg) in the acetic acid-induced test. Similarly, in the formalin test, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited maximum inhibition in both early (74.35%) and late phases (88.38). Maximum inhibition of pyrexia (77.98%) was recorded for the ethyl acetate fraction (300 mg/kg). In DPPH assay, the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the highest scavenging potential among other fractions (50 μg/ml resulted in 50.40% and 100 μg/ml resulted in 66.74% scavenging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Musa
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Irfan,
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alsahammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Iqbal A, Sher AA, Muhammad N, Badshah SL, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Extraction and Fractionation of Prokinetic Phytochemicals from Chrozophora tinctoria and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134321. [PMID: 35807565 PMCID: PMC9268473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrozophora tinctoria is an annual plant of the family Euphorbiaceae, traditionally used as a laxative, a cathartic and an emetic. A methanolic extract of Chrozophora tinctoria (MEC) whole plant and an n-butanol fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (NBFC) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect the phytochemicals. MEC and NBFC were tested for in vitro anti acetylcholinesterase (AChE) potential. The effect of both samples on intestinal propulsive movement and spasmolytic activity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was also studied. About twelve compounds in MEC and three compounds in NBFC were tentatively identified through GC-MS. Some of them are compounds with known therapeutic activity, such as toluene; imipramine; undecane; 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid methyl ester; and hexadecanoic acid. Both NBFC and MEC samples were checked for acute toxicity and were found to be highly toxic in a dose-dependent manner, causing diarrhea and emesis at 1 g/kg concentration in pigeons, with the highest lethargy and mortality above 3 g/kg. Both the samples of Chrozophora tinctoria revealed significant (p ≤ 0.01) laxative activity against metronidazole (7 mg/kg) and loperamide hydrochloride (4 mg/kg)-induced constipation. NBFC (81.18 ± 2.5%) and MEC (68.28 ± 2.4%) significantly increased charcoal meal intestinal transit compared to distal water (41.15 ± 4.3%). NBFC exhibited a significant relaxant effect (EC50 = 3.40 ± 0.20 mg/mL) in spontaneous rabbit jejunum as compared to MEC (EC50 = 4.34 ± 0.68 mg/kg). Similarly, the impact of NBFC on KCl-induced contraction was more significant than that of MEC (EC50 values of 7.22 ± 0.06 mg/mL and 7.47 ± 0.57 mg/mL, respectively). The present study scientifically validates the folk use of Chrozophora tinctoria in the management of gastrointestinal diseases such as constipation. Further work is needed to isolate the phytochemicals that act as diarrheal agents in Chrozophora tinctoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.L.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Ayaz Ali Sher
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.L.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.L.B.); (M.J.)
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